Atomic Charges and

Trends on the Periodic Table

At minimum, use Chapter 13 in your book and what you have learned from the previous
two class activities concerning charge and the electrostatic force within an atom, to
respond to the following questions.

1. What is meant by effective nuclear charge?

It is the charge felt by the electron in an atom with multiple electrons

2. What is meant by shielding effect?

The shielding Effects is when a single electron experiences less positive force, due
to the presence of nearby electrons.

3. Define the term atomic radius.

The atomic radius is half the distance between the two nuclei.

4. Describe the general trend that exists for the atomic radii for elements within
a single period (row) and a single group (column) of the periodic table. Then,
EXPLAIN why these trends occur in terms of the electrostatic forces present
within our current atomic model. YOUR ANSWER WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED
COMPLETE WITHOUT THIS EXPLANATION.

The electrostatic force gets stronger and the length of the atomic radii gets larger as
you move along the row. The electrostatic force strengthens due to the orbital of the
atom being filled. The added electrons move the atom closer to being stable. As you
move down the column the electrostatic force weakens because you added new
orbital.

5. What is an ion? Next, define the term ionic radius.

An ion is an atom with extra amount of electrons; it could also have less than the
normal number of electrons. The ionic radius is the radius of an ion. Positive ions are
smaller tan normal and negative ions are larger.

6. Describe the general trend that exists for the ionic radii for elements within a
single period (row) and a single group (column) of the periodic table. Then,
EXPLAIN why these trends occur in terms of the electrostatic forces present
within our current atomic model. YOUR ANSWER WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED
COMPLETE WITHOUT THIS EXPLANATION.
The ionic radius in ions decrease when you go from left to right. When you go down
a column the radius increases. This happens because as atom gets more electrons
the shielding effect causes that less electrostatic force from each electron.

7. Define the terms first ionization energy and second ionization energy.
 The first ionization energy (FIE) is the energy required to remove the first electron
from an atom. The second Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the
second electron from the ion.

8. Describe the general trend that exists for the first ionization energy for
elements within a single period (row) and a single group (column) of the periodic
table. Then, EXPLAIN why these trends occur in terms of the electrostatic forces
present within our current atomic model. YOUR ANSWER WILL NOT BE
CONSIDERED COMPLETE WITHOUT THIS EXPLANATION.
Usually the FIE is larger as you move to the right on a row. It decreases as you
move down columns. This happens because the atom doesn’t want to give up
electrons as it is getting close to getting towards a stable atom. It is more willing to
give up electrons when it less to close to being stable.

9. Define the term electronegativity.

electronegativity is the tendency for the atom of the element to attract more
electrons when they are chemically combined with another element

10. Describe the general trend that exists for electronegativity for elements within
a single period (row) and a single group (column) of the periodic table. Then,
EXPLAIN why these trends occur in terms of the electrostatic forces present
within our current atomic model. YOUR ANSWER WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED
COMPLETE WITHOUT THIS EXPLANATION.
Electro negativity force gets stronger as it moves from left to right along the rows of the
table. This is because the atom has a tendency to seek stability and so attacks loose
atoms to create a full outer shell. On the left side of the table the atoms are likely to give
up the electrons so that they can also become stable. The right side is almost full so
they will rarely give up electrons because they just need 1.