Anda di halaman 1dari 14

Bai 9 :

[A] :

MOT VAI CAU TRUC THONG DUNG


(SOME COMMON ENGLISH STRUCTURES)

USED TO + Infinitive

(a tng) ch mot thoi quen qua kh

- My father used to smoke a lot; but now he doesnt any more.


- When I was a little boy, I used to swim in the river.
BE USED TO + V-ing / Noun (quen vi) tng vi Be accustomed to
- My mother is used to getting up early.
- I have been used to the hot weather here.
[B] :

BECAUSE + Clause

(bi v) gii thieu menh e trang t ch nguyen do


(adverb clause of reason)

- I couldnt come to class yesterday because I was ill.


- Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off.
BECAUSE OF + Phrase

(bi v) dung cum t hoac danh t sau because of


(preposition)

- I couldnt come to class yesterday because of his illness.


- Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off.
[C] :

ALTHOUGH + Clause

(mac du) gii thieu menh e trang t ch s


nhng bo (adverb clause of concession)

- They came to the concert though it was raining heavily.


- Although it is a very hot day, I shall go for a walk.
IN SPITE OF + Phrase

(mac du)dung cum t hoac danh t sau in spite of


(prep) hay despite

- They came to the concert in spite of the heavy rain.


- In spite of a hot day, I shall go for a walk.
[D] :

SO + Adj / Adv + THAT + Clause (quaen noi) gii thieu menh e ch


ch ket qua (adverb clause of result)
- He is so famous that everyone knows his name.
- They discussed so hotly that they forgot to come to the conclusion.

SUCH + (A / An + Adj + Noun) + THAT + Clause

(qua en noi)

- He is such a famous man that everyone knows his name.


- It was such a hot discussion that they forgot to come to the conclusion.

TOO + Adj / Adv + (For someone) + TO + Infinitive

(quaen noi khong..)

- It is too late to go to the movies.


- The lecture was too boring for us to listen to.
- He spoke too fast for me to understand him.
[E] :

SO THAT + Clause

(e) gii thieu menh e trang t ch muc ch


(adverb clause of purpose)

- Im studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates.


- The man spoke loudly so that everyone would hear him clearly.
TO }
IN ORDER TO}
SO AS TO}

+ Infinitive

(e) gii thieu cum ong t nguyen mau


ch muc ch (Inf phrase of purpose)

- Im studying hard in order to keep pace with my classmates.


- So as not to be late for class, John must get up early.
- We learn English to have better communication with other people.
[F] :

Adj / Adv + ENOUGH + (for someone) + TO + Inf (u e)


- The questions were easy enough for her to answer.
- The teacher spoke clearly enough for us to understand him.

[G] :

IT + Takes / Took + SOMEONE + TIME + TO + Inf (ai o mat bao lau


e lam viec g)
- It took me five minutes to walk to the post office.
- It takes us two hours to fly from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City.

[H] :

HAVE + Object + Past Participle

(nh ai lam ) la hnh thc sai khien


(causative form)

- Mary is going to have her hair done.


- He had his car washed yesterday.
[I] :

IT + BE + Adj + (for someone) + TO + Inf


- It is difficult for us to master a foreign language.
- It is dangerous to drive too fast.

[J] :

(cung nh) so sanh bang


(comparison of equality)
- My book is as interesting as yours.
(Quyen sach cua toi cung hay nh quyen sach cua ban.)
- He is not as (so) tall as his father. (No khong cao bang ba no.)
- His car runs as fast as a race car. (Xe hi cua no chay nhanh nh xe ua.)
Nhng :
- My house is the same height as his. (= My house is as high as his.)
AS + Adj / Adv + AS

short Adj-ER + THAN (hn) ay la dang so sanh hn (comparative) cua


tnh ngan. Tnh t ngan la tnh t co mot van nh :
hot, cold, sad va tnh t co hai van tan cung bang
ow, -et, -y, er, -le nh: narrow, quiet, happy, clever,
gentle
- Today is hotter than yesterday. (Hom nay nong hn hom qua.)
- This street is narrower than that one.
MORE + long Adj + THAN (hn) ay la dang so sanh hn cua tnh t
dai, thng co t hai van tr len nh : careful,
beautiful, dangerous
- This chair is more comfortable than that one.
- She is more careful than him.
Ta co the dung far, much, a little, a bittrc so sanh hn.
- A water melon is much sweeter than a lemon.
- His watch is far more expensive than mine.
the short Adj-EST
(nhat) la dang so sanh cc cap (superlative) cua tnh t ngan.
- He is the oldest in his class. (No la ngi ln tuoi nhat lp)
-Tom is the happiest man on earth. (Tom la ngi hanh phuc nhat tren i)
the MOST + long Adj. (nhat) la dang so sanh cc cap cua tnh t dai.
- His car is the most expensive.
- Air pollution is one of the most serious problems in the city.
Mot so tnh t co hnh th so sanh rieng nh :
Good
better
best
Bad
worse
worst
Little
less
least
Many/ much
more
most
Far
farther/further
farthest/ furthest
MORE + Adv + THAN (..hn) la dang so sanh hn cua trang t, tr cac
trang t co mot van nh :hard, fast, early, late
- He speaks English more fluently than she does.
- She drives more carefully than he does.
- He works harder than I do.
the MOST + Adv
(nhat) la dang so sanh cc cap cua trang t.
- Among his friends, he drives the most carefully.
- His car runs fastest.
Nhng so sanh cua : well
better
best
Va
badly worse
worst
The MORE, the MORE (cang cang) la dang so sanh kep
(double Comparative)
- The more you study, the smarter you will become.

- The sooner you take medicine, the better you will feel.
- The earth is getting hotter and hotter.
EXERCISE A : Translate into English using Used To or Be Used To
1/ Trc ay ngi ta van thng ngh rang mat tri di chuyen quanh trai at.
- _____________________________________________________________________
2/ Nhng cong nhan mi nay ang quen dan vi cong viec nang nhoc cua nha
may.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ Trc ay tren ng i hoc toi van thng i qua mot hieu sach.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ Ba ay biet rang ba ay khong con ep nh xa.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ Chung toi van thng song ong que khi con be.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ Cac ban se quen dan vi phng phap hoc tieng Anh mi nay.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ Trc kia khong co nhieu ca hang tren con ng nay.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ Chung no khong quen thc khuya.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Trc ay anh toi thng i tam bien trong ky ngh he.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ o la ni ma trc ay gia nh toi sinh song.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE B : Change because to because of and vice versa :
1/ He was not allowed to come in because he was late.
- _____________________________________________________________________
2/ I chose Mike for the job because you recommended him.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ Our train was late because of the thick fog.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ She couldnt sleep because of the noise.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ Because of his deep love for her, he cant live without her.

- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ Everyone loves her because of her good behaviour.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ He was given that position because his English was good.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ He answered those questions perfectly because he was intelligent.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ They stopped working because of the hot weather.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ We admired him because of his great ability.
- _____________________________________________________________________
11/ She didnt go to class this morning because she had a bad cold.
- _____________________________________________________________________
12/ I couldnt see anything because of the dark.
- _____________________________________________________________________
13/ The mechanic managed to repair the engine because he had experience.
- _____________________________________________________________________
14/ His health gets better and better because he does gymnastics regularaly.
- _____________________________________________________________________
15/ He said nothing about it because of his wifes being there.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE C : Use In spite of in place of Although and vice versa :
1/ In spite of all the noise outside, the students kept on studying.
- _____________________________________________________________________
2/ Though they are poor, they are always neatly dressed.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ We dont feel tired although we have walked three miles.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ She ate very little in spite of the delicious food.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ Though I am fond of music, I cant play any musical instruments.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ In spite of being warned, he still got an electric shock.

- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ My grandfather is till an active man despite his age.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ Despite the narrow streets in that city, they drive cars.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Although she is wealthy, she is not happy.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ Nobody liked it though the price was low.
- _____________________________________________________________________
11/ He didnt eat much in spite of being hungry.
- _____________________________________________________________________
12/ Although he was talented, nobody admired him.
- _____________________________________________________________________
13/ He didnt get a promotion though his work was very good.
- _____________________________________________________________________
14/ He bought that car despite our advice.
- _____________________________________________________________________
15/ Our country will certainly become prosperous in spite of all the difficulties.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE D1 : Conmbine these pairs of sentences using sothat :
1/ That woman was very tall. She could almost touch the ceiling.
- That woman was so tall that she could almost touch the ceiling.
2/ This coat is very big. I cant wear it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ The coffee was so strong. She couldnt go to sleep.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ That bag was very heavy. None of us could carry it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ The stadium is very large. It can hold 60,000 people.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ Those lessons are very difficult. He cant understand them.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ She was very busy. She couldnt do the housework.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ The clmate was very bad. All the plants couldnt grow well.

- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Im very tired. I couldnt keep my eyes open.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ That boy is very lazy. He never does his homework.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE D2 : Combine these pairs of sentences using tooto :
1/ The bag was very heavy. She couldnt carry it.
- The bag was too heavy for her to carry .
2/ He is very old. He cant run.
- He is too old to run.
3/ She is very young. She cant go to school.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ Tom is very short. He cant play volleyball.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ Its very late. We cant go to the movies.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ The question was very hard. We couldnt answer it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ The TV programme is very exciting. The children wont miss it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ Youre very young. You cant drive that car.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ She was tired. She didnt go anywhere.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ These shoes are very small. I cant wear them.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE D3 : Combine these pairs of sentences using such.that :
1/ Tom was a tall man. He could almost touch the ceiling.
- Tom was such a tall man that he could almost touch the ceiling.
2/ Mary is a good swimmer. She has won two gold medals.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ He drank strong coffee. He couldnt go to sleep.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ It was a long walk. The children got tired.

- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ He told interesting stories. They all like him.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ The boy made rapid progress. It surprised everybody.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ He had a difficult exercise. He couldnt do it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ The speaker gave a long talk. Most of the audience felt sleepy.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ We watched an exciting competition. We didnt want to go home.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ It was an excellent show. We all enjoyed it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE E : Combine into a sentence using so that :
1/ The boys stood on the beach. They wanted to get a better view.
- The boys stood on the beach so that they could get a better view.
2/ We lowered the volume of the radio. We didnt want to bother our neighbours.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ I will write to you. I want you to know my decision soon.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ These men were whispering. They didnt want anyboby to hear their conversation.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ The lecturer spoke loudly. He wanted eveyone to hear him clearly.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ John gets up early. He doesnt want to be late for class.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ Mary hid the novel under the pillow. She didnt want her father to see it.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ They did their jobs well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ You should walk slowly. Your sister can follow you.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ He hurried to the station. He didnt want to miss the train.

- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE F : Rewrite the sentences using enough instead of tooto :
1/ He is too old to wear this coloured shirt.
- He is not young enough to wear this coloured shirt.
2/ She is too weak to carry this box.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ The test was too difficult for them to do.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ Im too poor to help you with the money.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ This book is too dull to read.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ The room is too dark for us to study.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ The shelf is too high for her to reach.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE G : Rewrite the sentences using It takes / took :
1/ I go to school by bicycle in ten minutes.
- It takes me ten minutes to go to school by bicycle.
2/ He did that exercise in an hour.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ I need fifteen minutes to get to the post office.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ He spent the whole morning writing the composition.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ We needed two days to paint the house.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ He will need three hours to do this work.

- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ He spends one hour reading newspapers.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ They finished their work in three days.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Jane will need a lot of time to complete this report.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ We spent a day cleaning the house.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE H : Rewrite the sentences using the causative form :
1/ The Smiths are going to build a new house.
- The Smiths are going to have a new house built.
2/ Please tell someone to take my luggage to the station.
- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ We must find someone to add an extra room to the house.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ Order the porter to carry these boxes up to my room.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ She has just asked the dressmaker to make a new dress for her daughter.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ I paid a man to sharpen these knives and scissors yesterday.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ My mother is going to pay a doctor to test her eyesight.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ Did you order the boys to plant some trees in the garden?
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Bob doesnt pay anyone to cook his meals. He cooks them hinself.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ He will ask someone to mend his shoes.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE I : Rewrite the sentences using It + be + adj + to inf :
1/ Learning English is not easy.
- It is not easy to learn English.
2/ Knowing a foreign language is necessary.

- _____________________________________________________________________
3/ Swimming in the river is dangerous.
- _____________________________________________________________________
4/ Doing that exercise is not hard for us.
- _____________________________________________________________________
5/ Seeing you again is very nice.
- _____________________________________________________________________
6/ Practising morning exercise is good.
- _____________________________________________________________________
7/ Finding out the answer to that question is not easy.
- _____________________________________________________________________
8/ Telling her the news now is unwise.
- _____________________________________________________________________
9/ Working in that room was pleasant.
- _____________________________________________________________________
10/ Thinking of what will happen is horrible.
- _____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE J.1 : Use the proper form of adjectives (or adverbs) in parenthese.
1. Mary is (pretty) _____________ as her sister.
2. A new house is (expensive) _____________than an old one.
3. His job is (important) _____________than mine.
4. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well) _____________.
5. Nobody is (happy) _____________ than Miss Snow.
6. Today English is the (international) _____________ of languages.
7. John is much (strong) _____________ than I thought.
8. Benches are (comfortable) _____________ than arm - chairs.
9. Bill is (good) _____________ than you thought.
10. Mr. Bush is the (delightful) _____________ person I have ever known.
11. Disk is the (careful) _____________ of the two workers.
12. Sams conduct is (bad) _____________ than Pauls.

13. Thanks to the progress of science, human life is (good) _____________ and (good)
_____________ .
14. Bill is (lazy) _____________ and (lazy) _____________ .
15. The teacher speaks English (fluently) _____________ than we.
16. These boys are (ill - prepared) _____________ for employment than my children.
17. The competition makes the price of goods (cheap) _____________ and (cheap) _____________.
18. Charles is (hard working) _____________ than Tom.
19. Is this book (interesting) _____________ than the one you read last week ?
20. Of the two boys, Harry is the (ill - bred) _____________ .
EXERCISE J.2. : Complete the sentences using a comparative form.
1. Its too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ________ ?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ________ ?
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ________
4. The weather is too cold in this country. I expected it to be ________
5. My job is a bit boring, sometimes Id like to do something ________
6. It was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I though it would be ________
7. Your work isnt very good. Im sure you can do ________
8. Dont worry. The situation isnt so bad. It could be ________
9. Youre talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit ________ ?
10. You hardly ever phone me. Why dont you phone me ________ ?
EXERCISE J.3 : Complete the sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one of the words in
the list. Use than where necessary.
big
crowded
early
high
important
easily
peaceful
reliable
serious
thin
1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed ________ usual.
2. You look ________. Have you lost weight ?
3. I want a ________ flat. We dont have enough space here.

4. Health and happiness are ________ money.


5. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ________ usual.
6. I like living in the countryside. Its ________ living in a town.
7. Youll find your way around the town ________ if you have a good map.
8. In some parts of the country, prices are ________ in others.
9. Id like to have a ________ car. The one Ive got keeps breaking down.
10. Unfortunately her illness was ________ we thought at first.
EXERCISE J.4. : Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form.
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today its only six degrees.
Its -______________________________________________________
2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
It takes ___________________________________________________
3. Chris and Joe both did badly in the exam. Chris got 20% but Joe only got 15%.
Joe did -______________________________________________________
4. I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 oclock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.
My friends -_________________________________________________
5. We were very busy at work today. Were not usually as busy as that.
We _________________________________________________________
EXERCISE J.5. : Complete the sentences using the structure er and er or more and more.
1. Its become ________ to find a job. (hard)
2. That hole your pullover is getting ________. (big)
3. As I waited for my interview, I became ________. (nervous)
4. As the day went on, the weather got ________. (bad)
5. As the conversation went on, he became ________. (talkative)
EXERCISE J.6. : Complete the sentences with than or as.
1. I cant reach as high as you. Youre taller ________.
2. He doesnt know much. I know more ________.
3. We were very surprised. Nobody was more ________.

4. Shes not a very good player. Im a better ________.


5. Theyve been very lucky. I wish we were ________.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai