X and Y can do a piece of work in 20 days and 12 days respectively.

X started the work alone and then after 4 days Y joined him till the completion of the work. How long did the work last?

X Speed Time distance 20

12

LCM (20,12)=60 Total distance = 60 Update

X Speed Time distance 20 60

12 60

Apply STD formula in each column and you get speed of X and Y X Speed Time distance 3 20 60 Y 5 12 60

Given: X started the work alone and then after 4 days Y joined him till the completion of the work

Means X worked for four days alone.

X Speed Time distance 3 20 60

Y 5 12 60

X started 3 4 34=12

In 4 days, he covered 12 kms. So remaining work = 60 minus 12 =48. Which was completed by X+Y X Speed Time distance 3 20 60 Y 5 12 60 X started 3 4 34=12 X+Y 3+5=8 ?? 48

Run std on last column

Speed x time = dist 8 x time = 48 Time =48/ 8 =6 days Final table looks like this

X Speed Time distance 3 20 60

Y 5 12 60

X started 3 4 34=12

X+Y finished 3+5=8 6 48

First question
P & q can do a job in 15 days &10 days respectively . They began the work together but p leaves after some days and q finishes the remaining job in 5 days. After how many days did p leave? Take LCM of (15, 10)=30 and fill up the table
P Speed xTime 2 Q 3 P+q work together Only q 3+2=5 3 5 15

15 10 ?? ??

Distance 30

According to last column, q covered 3x 5= 15 kilmeteres out of total 30 km. Hence the remaining 30 minus 15 = 15 kilometers were covered by P+Q together their combined speed is (3+2)= 5. Run the STD formula on (P+Q) column 5 x time = 15 Time = 15/5=3 Means P+Q worked together for 3 days. And then P left. Final answer: P left after 3 days.

Second Question
Singh & ravi can do a job alone in 10 days and 12 days respectively. Singh starts the work & after 6 days ravi also joins to finish the work together. For how many days ravi actually worked on the job ? Same procedure, take LCM of (10,12)=60 After 6 days, Ravi also joins. That means for the first 6 days, Singh worked alone. Fill up the table.
Singh Ravi Singh starts Singh+Ravi Speed 6 5 6 (6+5)=11

Time

10

12

6 days 36

?? (60-36)=24

Distance 60

In the first 6 days, Singh finished 36 kilometers. Hence remaining work= 60 minus 36= 24 These 24 kilometers were covered by Singh+Ravi together. (last column) Run the STD on last column Speed x time = distance 11 x Time =24 Time =24/11= approx. 2.18 Final answer: Ravi worked for 2.18 days.

1. Case#1 : Time equations: set of two people working 2. Case# 2: Time Ratios are given

Case#1 : Time equations: set of two people working

A & B can do a piece of work in 12 days , B and C in 15 , C & A in 20 days. How long would each take separately to do the same work ? In the STD table, when people come and go, we can do addition and subtraction in the SPEED boxes only and now in the Time boxes. Now fill up the table.
A+B B+C C+A SPEED TIME DISTANCE 12 15 20

TAKE THE LCM (12,15,20) =60. Based on that we can find individual speeds using STD formula.

A+B B+C C+A SPEED TIME 5 12 4 15 60 3 20 60

DISTANCE 60

Assume that these three entities work together

A+B B+C C+A (A+B)+(B+C)+(C+A) SPEED TIME 5 12 4 15 60 3 20 60 5+4+3=12 ?? 60

DISTANCE 60

Speed of A+B+C together can be derived using (A+B)+(B+C)+(C+A) = 2(A+B+C)=5+4+3=12 Hence speed of A+B+C together =12/2=6 Now STD formula Speed x time = distance 6 x time = 60 Time = 10 Meaning if A+B+C work together, they can finish work in 10 days. [although Time of A+B+C, is not asked in the question, but Ive given it only for explanation] Now back to the question, weve to find individual time. So far our table looks like thisA+B B+C C+A A+B+C SPEED TIME 5 12 4 15 3 20 6 10

DISTANCE 60

60

60

60

Now you can solve it three unknown equation. Because this is speed, we can do addition, subtraction and solve it as three unknown equations Speed of A+B+C=6 Speed of A+B=5 Hence speed of C= 6 (A+B)= 6-5=1
A+B B+C C+A A+B+C (A+B+C)-(A+B)=C SPEED TIME 5 12 4 15 60 3 20 60 6 10 60 6-5=1 ?? 60

DISTANCE 60

Speed of C is 1 and he has to cover 60 kilometers alone, STD formula, 1 x Time = 60 Hence itll take him 60 days.
A+B B+C C+A A+B+C (A+B+C)-(A+B)=C SPEED TIME 5 12 4 15 60 3 20 60 6 10 60 6-5=1 60 60

DISTANCE 60

Do similar procedure for B and A.

A+B B+C C+A A+B+C C SPEED 5 4 3 6 B A

6-5=1 6-3=3 6-4=2

TIME

12

15 60

20 60

10 60

60 60

20 60

30 60

DISTANCE 60

Final answer, time taken by A,B,C if they work individually= 30,20,60 Run a cross verification to see the answer is correct. Plug the answer values.
A Speed 2 Time Dist B 3 C 1 A+B B+C C+A 5 4 15 60 3 20 60

30 20 60 12 60 60 60 60

Yes it satisfies the statements given in the Question.

Case# 2: Time Ratios are given

A takes twice as much time as B and thrice as much as C to finish a piece of work. They together finish the work in one day. Find the time taken by each of them to finish the work. A takes twice as much time as B, meaning if B takes 1 day, A takes 2 days So the ratio of time is A:B=2:1 Similarly A:C=3:1 We can write the same thing as B:A=1:2 A:C=3:1 If we want the three terms ratio, we want mid term (A) to be same in both equation. In the first eq. A is 2 and in second eq. A is 3. LCM (2,3)=6 Multiply something in both equations so that we get 6 in both equation. Meaning, Multiply first eq with (2) and second equation with (3) B:A=3:6 A:C=6:2 Now we can make a three terms ratio B:A:C=3:6:2

Keep in mind, this is ratio and not absolute number So we fill Time boxes as As time = 6x Bs time = 3x Cs Time = 2x Run the STD table, fill the data
A Speed Time 1 B 2 C 3 A+B+C 6

6x 3x 2x 1 day

Distance 6x 6x 6x 6x

LCM of (6x,3x,2x)= 6x From the STD fomula, we can get the individual speeds of A,B,C,= 1,2,3 Together their speed A+B+C=1+2+3=6 For the last column Speed x time = distance 6 multiplied with 1 =6x Hence x= 1 Put the value of x=1 in the table and you get individual time A will take 6 days individually, B will take 3 days and C will take 2 days. Cross verification (plug the answers we got)
A B C A+B+C Speed Time 1 6 2 3 6 3 2 1 day 6 6 6

Distance 6

From the table, A takes twice as much time as B and thrice as much as C to finish a piece of work Yes it satisfies the statement given in the question itself.