Final Year Project Executive Summary

S.NO. 1 STUDENT NAME Mariyum Ashraf PROJECT TITLE Artificially Intelligent Perception Generation. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report discusses the details of designing an Artificial Intelligence system that would be capable generate artificial perspective based on human audio. The system will also be able to learn how to communicate by observing the behavior of the human voices. The system will be coupled along with sensors in order to learn behavior of the humans as according to the touch and feel. The system will be designed using MATLAB and other Artificial Intelligence tools, algorithms will be made to acquire audio signals and process them to determine the user identity and start communication with the user. The system will be capable to listen to the user and give appropriate responses, if the response is not found in the memory then a query flag will be enabled and the system will keep on analyzing voicing to obtain an appropriate response from humans communicating and during the next ever communication the system will respond appropriately. The system will also incorporate a sensor to mimic the resemblance of what human does when a specific body part is pressed in variable situations.

HINA RAHIM,SYEDA YUMNA BATOOL ZAIDI,KUBRA FATIMA

PANIC DETDCTION IN CROWD USING IMAGE PROCESSING

HAMMAD SAMI KHAN, MADIHA NEZAM,NOUREEN ASAD, ZEHRA KAUSAR HAIDER

REAL TIME PATH PLANNING IMPLEMENTED ON AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS

Conventional monitoring systems have a single operator who monitors about 20 or more cameras at a time. Thus timely detection of dangerous situation might be missed or detected too late for effective action. So we must develop a system to automatically detect panic situations. Our aim is to develop an automatic application that can identify trouble spots in a site from a complete set of cameras monitoring it. The following steps will be executed for the development of this application. 1-Image acquisition in matlab 2Processing video for panic detection.3-Real Time implementation on FPGA. Our project is path planning of microbots. Path planning module is used to determine a route from one co-ordinate location to another along a set of way points. The path followed by the micro bots is given through RRT (rapidly exploring random tree algorithm) is an incremental searching algorithm, which explores state space fastly and uniformly. The RRT Algorithm is performed in a numerical computing and forth generation language called MATLAB .The 2D image of the whole path is given by the camera mounted above the field in which micro bots are to be moved. The 2D image is transferred to computer in MATLAB software. The MATLAB then converts the image into grid view which is then stored in a2D Array. The RRT Algorithm allows the micro

bots to navigate Through static obstacles, and finding path in order to reach the target without collision. This Information is then transferred to the micro bots through wireless communication.

ANUM AZHER, AYESHA KHALID, SALMA ARSHAD

PID CONROLLED ROBOTIC ARM

The term robot comes from the Czech word robota, generally translated as forced labor. This describes the majority of robots fairly well. Most robots in the world are designed for heavy, repetitive manufacturing work. They handle tasks that are difficult, dangerous or boring to human beings. One common end effecter is a simplified version of the hand, which can grasp and carry different objects. For a working robot to be produced, a number of different systems need to be designed. These include the robotic arm itself, including actuators, and finally the control systems. At the same time as these systems are being designed, a method to interface them must be developed. The first issue considered is the arm design itself. The basic principles of robotics are investigated and programs are written to implement them for a generic serial robot arm design. This testing program is used to iterate through various arm designs until a final configuration is chosen. Simulations are then used to select motors as actuators for the robotic arm. These

Simulations take into account the inertia and required velocities of the robotic arm, and produce the required torques. Motors are then selected based on these torques. The physical design of the robotic arm is linked closely to the modeling and design area. Approximate links are designed and then tested to ensure they do not collide with each other. Once a viable set of links had been decided upon they can then be detailed with other parts, such as bearings. Control of the robotic arm is through the use of a microcontroller and motor control circuits. The microcontroller takes in the required motor torques and adapts this information into the required control voltage which it then sends to the motor control circuits. These circuits take this control voltage and output a current to the motors relative to this control voltage. The objective of this project is to provide an efficient, secured and fresh approach of UGV s that includes combination of tele-operation and autonomy features at the same time. It takes around 24 years and a great deal of money to make a complete soldier but when during the battle his life is lost, all this investment along with a valuable life goes in vain. Being an under developed country, a solution is required for this loss which is greatly provided by our project. Our multi-operated robot will be able to replace

SHAKEEB JAWEID, YUMNA ASHRAF, SARA HUMAYUN, ROHAIL AHMED KHAN.

AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO COMBINE AUTONOMY FEATURES WITH RF BASED TELE-OPERATION AND REAL TIME MACHINE VISION ON UGV

soldiers to save training expenses and lives. Another problem faced by our country is the war against terrorism, but through our project we can do operations in terrorism affected areas and even in remote areas without sending solders. Our idea is to provide an intelligent unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) having two replaceable modes of operation. One is tele-operation using RF and live video transmission and the other one is autonomous mode based on GSM (communication medium between UGV and control station), GPS for finding the UGV location and navigate the vehicle automatically along with real-time machine vision using webcam (which works as an eye for the robot).It can grab things using its robotic arms and has sensors to avoid collision with objects. It also includes a solar panel for the efficient charging of the battery. Over the past few decades, wars, theft, terrorism and other crimes have greatly increased .Our strategy is to overcome these problems through our robot as it can provide location of targeted area and danger zone. It can serve as a surveillance robot for the intelligence and spy agencies to overcome security issues as it can be derived to any required position and it can be visualized using the live video transmission, other than this can play a complete role of a soldier at the battlefield. Not only this, our robot can be used

AMMARAH SHOAIB, RUMSHA AHMED, BEENA AFZAL.

AUTOMATED DIAGNOSIS OF BONE X-RAY IMAGES USING IMAGE PROCESSING

by anti-terrorist agencies for their search operations. The approximated initial cost of this project is 70,000 PKR is much lower than the previous products similar to our project on international level. Automatic detection of fractures from x-ray images is considered as an important process in medical image analysis by both orthopedic and radiologic point of view The importance of fracture detection comes from the fact that in clinical practice, a tired radiologist has been found to miss fracture cases after looking through many images containing healthy bones. Computer detection of fractures can assist the doctors by flagging suspicious cases for closer examinations and thus improve the timeliness and accuracy of their diagnosis.

SYED SHAHBAZ ALI, MADIHA MAROOF, MUHAMMAD NABEEL, SIDRAH HANIF.

There are four steps involved in our project: a)IMAGE ACQUISITION b)IMAGE PROCESSING c)DIAGNOSIS d)REPORT GENERATION DESIGINING OF ELECTRONIC Nowadays almost every motorcycle engine uses ENGINE CONTROL UNIT traditional carburetors and (ECU) FOR ELECTRONIC capacitor discharge ignition FUEL (INJECTION & (CDI) system Pakistan. However IGNITION)-EFI WITH AUTO/SELF FUEL METERING this traditional technique of engine control system doesnt provide flexible means to adjust engines major parameters like fuel metering and ignition angles due to which we cannot bring improvements /torque, acceleration, and the most important is to control the emission of harmful gases

according to the European laws. Today, in foreign countries a competitive environment exists for the electronic fuel injection (EFI) system, which is a fuel metering system that can replace the carburetor in automobiles and motorbikes. Everyone knowledgeable in fuel injection agree s that this system meter s fuel with remarkable flexibility and with control accuracy unattainable by a carburetor. That is why initially are working to introduce an EFI (electronic fuel injection) system for a NON-EFI GY6 type engine, in which an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) is designed to perform a task of engine management. Here we replaced a stock carburetor with AirIntake manifold by a specially designed Throttle Body with the new air-intake manifold and air filter in which TPS, MAP/MAT and fuel injector have already been fitted at the appropriate positions. The signals generated by the various sensors fitted at the different locations of the engine are acquired and processed by ECU to determine when to actuate the fuel injector for how much time (to spray a specified amount of fuel into the air just before the inlet valve of the cylinder under a high pressure, maintained with help of fuel pump and pressure regulator to optimize the fuel mixing) and when to ignite this compressed air/fuel mixture in the cylinder so that it may run under the optimize conditions

SANA BASHEER, FATIMA ALI

EMERGENCY VEHICLE DETECTION SYSTEM

and help to maintain an ideal Air/Fuel mixture ratio i.e. 14.7:1 at which an engine provides a best power, less emissions of harmful gases as well as is proved to be a fuel economic [2]. This system also provides a GUI based software from which it is get connected to the computer via SERIAL/USB port for tuning an engine according to our desires (like some of users need maximum power without caring about fuel consumption). This software provides user a dual mode operation in which under one mode a user can configure a fuel map himself by running a dynamometer test or download a fuel map directly to the ECU provided by us however under second mode or AUTO-TUNE mode a system configure it or generates its fuel map itself to run the engine at ideal Air/Fuel mixture of 14.7:1 Well implement this software using a Labview which will also enable us to monitor the real time engine sensors data by displaying it using different gauges so that we can accurately tune-up an engine by keeping our engine out of danger by continuously monitoring the data of engine temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, crank shaft rpm etc.[3] A system based on a modified pitch detection method is proposed that can be used for the detection of acoustic signals, the frequency components of which vary according to same periodic patterns. The signal under observation is produced by the

siren of an emergency vehicle .The implementation of this system can provide a route to emergency vehicles. The siren detector will be tested on real signals acquired and recorded in city streets with many traffic, different other sound sources (automobile horns, anti-theft alarms, motor noisy, etc.) And the presence of siren approaching. The performance of the detector in terms of false alarm and the missing of siren signal are analyzed variable parameters. The detected signal consists of the desired information along with noise present in the environment and interference due to the other signal parameters. By applying mathematical tools we have to extract the information from the acquired signal. After acquiring the desired information signal, we have to design function for each signal. To design logic such that one signal activates at a time. In the present market, it becomes a challenge when it comes to determining which type of motor you need for whatever application. There are various issues which need to be considered like motor cost, amount of power and for how long the motor needs to last. This spreading has imposed the need for low cost motor control drives, and a series of new techniques, tools and circuits have appeared if you have a project or application where you will only need a motor for short term use, you may prefer a

MUHAMMAD USMAN AKBER, ZEESHAN AHMED, MUHAMMAD ZAIN BURNEY, SHAHNAWAZ JOKHIO.

LOW COST UNIVERSAL INDUSTRIAL ECM CONTROLLLER MONITORED VIA LABVIEW

AREEBA MUKHTAR, ERUM ANWAR, SHERRAZ AHMED, SIDRAH ARIF

DESIGN SIMULATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF A PULSE COMPRESSION RADAR RECEIVER WITH DIFFERENT CODES USING MATLAB

cheaper motor that may wear out more quickly. If your job requires a motor that will last as possible, you will probably want to consider EC motor. The aim of this project is to develop a lab view monitored controller for EC motors because they have control requirement with variations in voltage and current, cumulatively termed as power. The target is to make a system that can be readily modified for different motors from different manufacturers hence making a somewhat universal BLDC controller. To our best knowledge, the controller of BLDC is not locally present in the market and the industries import these because the life of motor is long but its controller is not long lasting. Our project can help them as the need for the driving circuit will be solved, moreover with the modification of status monitoring through LabVIEW it will become easy for the user to examine the status of the motor. If we reach our target within time we will introduce some more adaptation to our project by making some kind of intelligent conveyor system and drive it through our circuitry. Increased demand for greater detection ranges in radar systems is greatly affected by the transmitting peak power limitation which, for narrow pulse operation, is usually reached before the full average power capability of the transmitter is realized. The technique of pulse compression offers a means of increasing the

average power available without any loss of the resolution needed for tactical requirements of the system. This is accomplished by transmitting a wide pulse in which the carrier is frequency modulated and then, by proper signal processing methods, causing a time compression of the received signal to a much narrower pulse of high effective peak power. Without the of pulse compression pulse widths cannot be reduced indefinitely. Extremely narrow pulse widths result in wide receiver bandwidths and the associated problems with noise. Large receiver bandwidths effectively de-sensitize the radar receiver and either force the transmitter to transmit higher levels of peak power to compensate, or accept the consequential reduction. There are always limits on the amount of peak power available from the transmitter, and invariably a reduction in pulse width leads to a reduction in the maximum range of the radar. Pulse compression allows us use a reduced transmitter power and still achieves the desired range resolution. It is an important signal processing technique used in Radar systems which combines the high energy of a long pulse width with high resolution of a short pulse width. There are several advantages of pulse compression. Transmission of long pulses permits a more efficient use of the average power capability of the radar and generation of high peak

power signal is avoided. Our project discusses the use of a simulation tool (MATLAB) to model the circuit and algorithms to boost the radar performance so that it consumes minimum power and cover maximum range. Different pulse compression techniques are to be used in this project to observe their effect on radar performance. Our motive is to design a radar filter whose performance will be better than conventional radars i.e. having high average power and increased jamming immunity. 10 ALI RAZA KHAN, ABDUL HADI, ARSALAN KHAN, PHOOL NAJEEB. EFFICIENCY STUDY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND THEIR CHARAACTERISTICS IN LOCAL ENVIRONMENT There are about 15 different kinds of solar cells available in the current market. And even more are proposed and under procedure .Now which type of Solar Cell(s) type seems to be more productive in the environmental and climatic condition of Pakistan? For this we actually need to know the factor affecting their in Pakistani region. This involves analysis of at least few types of solar cells practically, which an engineer selects after their theoretic and computational research. For example either we go for concentrated PV System or normal PV system in Pakistan. Many countries Including USA, Canada, Germany ,France and almost every Scandinavian country, on the basis of analysis and experimental testing, providing their nation and customers with specialized tools for the evolution of better selection methodologies for Solar Cell selection for

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ALI HAIDER MANGI, M HARIS KHAN, M YOUSUF MUJAHID, SYED ADIL ABBAS, SYED SAJJAD ALI.

IMPLEMENTATION OF REAL TIME BEAMFORMER ON FPGA

12

SAFIA REHMAN, UROOJ SAJID, FARAH FARID MIRZA, NIDA FAROOQUI.

3D IMAGING USING ULTRASONIC RANGE SENSOR BY DSP DESINGNING ON FPGA.

Integrated System on the basis of cost and efficiency. Definitely, for that you need to examine the many PV factors under your climatic and environment including temperature effect, dust effect, reflection effect, angle of placement, irradiation factor. Then you conclude that which technology is best for Pakistan. The other motivational task is to develop a solar research lab from this small platform, so that the future graduates may get command over the solar technology. To summarize our project the following points must be considered Phased array antenna contains 64 arrays which form a beam in a desired direction by switching some array. FPGA is a remarkable tool for precise and fast switching, thats why use it in our control. To drive the circuitry of phased array antennas very high power rating MOSFETS are used. Code generating process for switching ON and OFF done on MATLAB or C programming. We use MATLAB and translate it for FPGA using CMATH library. This technology is very successful and being employed all over the world. In this project our target is to use ultrasonic sensors on a rotating device for imaging of object in a static environment using specifically dedicated processor implemented on an FPGA. The information from the ultrasonic sensor will be processed with FPGA algorithm. The processor designed will

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FAIZAN MUSTAFA, FARRUKH MUSTAFA, MISHA FAWAD, MAHA FARHEEN.

GRID TIE INVERTER WITH BATTERY BACKUP.

analyze the analog signal from ultrasonic sensor and will manipulate the range the from different angles thus making it a imaging device. The output shall be displayed on LCD or PC/Laptop. Unlike the previous designs made using microcontrollers we will be using FPGA as DSP and above all our device will not be stationary rather rotating thus, marking it more efficient, feasible and applicable where as FPGA makes all this fast. The inverter is the heart of all but the smallest power systems. It is an electronic device that converts direct current DC power from or batteries or solar modules into alternating current AC power to operate lights, appliances or anything that normally operates on power supplied by the utility grid. Inverters come in many varieties, sizes and qualities and offer various features that make them distinct for particular applications. A grid-tie inverter (GTI) is a special type of inverter that converts direct current (DC) electronic into alternating current (AC) electricity and feeds it into an existing electrical grid. GTIs are often used to convert direct current produced by many renewable energy sources, such as solar panels or small wind turbines, into the alternating current used to power homes and businesses. The technical name for a grid-tie inverter is grid interactive inverter. Grid-interactive inverters typically cannot be used in standalone applications

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S.M SAROSH HAIDER, MINHAJ NAIM, MUJTABA AHMED QADRI, MUHAMMED SHEERAZ.

FPGA BASED HYBRID POWER CMI AND MONITORING SYSTEM

where utility power is not available. With the increasing concern about global environmental protection and energy demand due to rapid growth of population in developing countries and the diminishing trend of resources of conventional grid supply, the need to produce freely available pollution free natural energy as solar/wind has been drawing increasing interest in every corner of the world. In an effort to utilize these energies effectively through Power Converter, a great deal of research is being carried out by different researchers and engineers at different places in the world to meet the increasing demand of load. This project presents the methodology to integrate solar energy with grid source and supplement the existing grid power in rural houses and industries during its cut off or restricted supply period. FPGA based multilevel PWM three phase inverter is constructed by adding bidirectional switches to the conventional bridge topology. The inverter can produce multi voltage levels across the load. FPGA is used to generate appropriate signals to inverter switches. Which will result in more efficient voltage as compared to voltage produced by any other PWM based circuit resulting in reduced current consumption by 15%[2] which is beneficiary for industrial applications having high current consumption. PC-based monitoring system for

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MUHAMMAD SHAHZAIB, MUHAMMAD TANVEER ARIF, JIBRAN ALI, RAIM-UL-ROBAIN

SMART GRID WITH EMBEDDED INTERNET AND ZIGBEE ENHANCEMENTS (SEIZE).

the Solar energy system will be done using Labview Software providing user friendly environment. The objectives of this project are to measure and monitor the performance of the grid connected Solar Power systems. It can measure, monitor and display the real-time data including Voltage levels, Current Levels, battery health, Harmonic distortion, Inside, Inside Temperature, Fire Alert .It is a PC-based monitoring system, using LabVIEW; it can display data and generate reports as tables and graphs. The system hardware consisted of sensors, converter devices, controlling and interfacing devices. The grid system which is spread all over the world and which supplies power to each and every electricity consumer in the world is now demanding for some change. A change that could make it smart enough that it can sometimes make decisions of its own, sense things which it was never able to sense before. To keep it simple the grid system of old 1980s has to be changed to Smart Grid. Unlike the existing grids Smart Grid has many advantages such as control and management of electricity when power producers are facing a short fall, involving consumer to participate his/her level best, deal with natural disasters and overcome the difficulties in the flow of electricity etc. Implementing such a thing is challenging all over the world. The Europeans are doing research on it, specially the USA,

Canada, Korea, yet it is still not implemented there but the research is on its peak. You cant say for sure that the project is new. Since smart grid has been into appeal of many power producers so its not unfamiliar to the world. The thing that matters is that it is such a vast field that if you pick an aspect and implement it according to the needs of your area the project takes a new tum and becomes all new project. The project has the ability to cover 100% Pakistan population, a 100% target market is there, as a matter of feasibility, the project proves to be practical and implementable by the research the Europeans are doing, the idea implementation which we are proposing is based on management and reality. The project stars with power management. How the overloading causes increase in power burden? How can load shedding be overcome? , are the question which are answered by our project. There are two major parts of our project. The first part is Smart meter and the Dynamic Load management The second part is consumer involvement in the distribution of Electricity. Smart grid is very much related to Smart meters. Smart is a unique device not to be confused with Digital Meters. The Smart meter will have embedded system in it, for the required function to be carried.

Thus, we will be working on the Embedded Systems. The Smart meter will have a embedded setup to point out the power loading of every area (based on one station). There are substation 100 to 150 meter apart, thus the power consumption communication between the sub-stations in a station can be done via Zigbee. Thus, our next main domain is the study and implementation of Zigbee for wireless transmission and receiving. Preferring wireless on wired communication because collecting data from each and every house in an area with wire (twisted pair of wire) will cost a great amount of money for a country like Pakistan whereas on the other hand Zigbee can do the same work with much cheaper price. The stations may however be communicated through wired-network which is Ethernet, because of their distance constraints and relatively larger data transfer. Networking through Ethernet is thus the other area of project. Apart from networking the project includes the webpage hosting through Embedded internet technology which uses Embedded system to host a website and directly upload the consumer data i.e. electricity usage and billing etc. on website. There will be built-in ADC, DAC integrators for power calculation (obviously in digital from), consumption charges and alarming purposes (in case of high power loading). Our next domain is the integrated Circuits Design. There will be a system of keeping an eye on power

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MUHAMMAD FAIZAN TARIQ, MUHAMMAD AZHAR, MAQSOOD AHMED, KHURRAM ZIA.

HAND GESTURE IMITATION BY A ROBOTIC HAND USING IMAGE PROCESSING ON CUDA SUPPORTED GPU

Stealing, power will be monitored and automated continuously For this purpose, a controlling system is demanded. Our next area is the Microprocessor/Microcontroller application. LCD display will be there for consumers specifications, and voice alarms for consumers attention Moreover we are using GSM technology to inform consumers about their power usages etc. We are making a vision-based system which would be able to recognize a gesture made by the operator and a robotic hand would be able to imitate that gesture. For Recognition of gestures we are using image processing on GPUs. For programming GPU, CUDA (Compute Unified Device of Architecture) supported graphic card will be used. As far as gesture recognition is concerned, usually two techniques are used in this domain. Glove based and Vision Based. In glove based systems, a glove consisting of large number of sensors and transducers, for example, flexion transducers, are used. These sensors detect movement of fingers in the form of change in their resistances. In this way mechanical movement is converted into electrical signals. These signals are processed and necessary control signals are produced which drives motors of the robotic hand to make the required gesture. Glove-based systems have certain advantages. They are accurate and are not made

for some controlled conditions. But we have to buy these gloves to use recognition system. This also produces problem of wearing these gloves all the time. Vision-based systems are a more advanced technique of implementation of gesture recognition systems. In this system, is there is no physical connection between human hand and recognition system, which is its main advantage. This type uses image or images from a single or more than one camera. Correct gesture is determined by applying image processing on images. Visionbased systems have advantage of not wearing any glove. But it has lots of challenging. These systems are generally made for some controlled conditions. They are sensitive to lighting conditions and backgrounds. So making such a system which is applicable to considerably varied conditions is a challenging task. Image processing is a very promising field of research these days. As it provide a sort of eyes to our systems. In image processing, mathematics is applied on an image and information is extracted from it. This information is then manipulated to do the required task. Its applications can be found in medical imaging, remote sensing, pattern recognition, image restoration and advancement, CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is another widely researched area these days. It allows us to get benefit from

the massively parallel architecture of modern day graphic processing units allowing very rich computation capability, fast parallel computing and less execution time. It was created by NVIDIA, a leading graphic processing unit manufacturer. These GPUs are also very much suitable for image processing as image processing requires application of same instructions on large number if pixels. So using CUDA we can make a multi-threaded system in which each threaded in doing the same thing on different data paralleling i.e. working in Single instruction Multi-Data (SIMD) fashion. So we are using the vast capabilities of CUDA supported GPUs to do pattern recognition for determining the correct gesture. Applications of our projects can be in industries where operators have to handle dangerous chemicals. Using our system, the robotic hand can handle those chemicals by following the gesture of the worker, without exposing the worker directly to those chemicals. Our robotic hand will not be programmed for a specific task, but will do what the worker or operator wants it to done by interacting it with his gestures. If we are successful in making such a system, then gesture recognition alone (excluding the robotic hand) can be applied in other applications. For example, in virtual environment, we can use gesture recognition to move objects in virtual reality it can also be applied in formation of a

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NAUSHEEN KAMRAN, SWALEHA HUSSAIN, MARIUM MALIK, KULSOOM ZEHRA.

AU TOMATIC THEFT VEHICLE DETECTION SYSTEM

Human Computer Interface (HCI) which provide a vast spectrum of application in computer and provide a new and very interactive type of input device. Another application of recognition formation of tool of easily interaction between a dumb and normal person. A mode of communication between a dumb people is sign language. So if these pre-defined hand gesture which represent a particular action is used as our image database, then computer would be able detect the gesture made by the person and would be able to display what that person want to communicate. This project includes the Automatic Screening of Number Plates of Cars The project comprises of 2 circuitries, one present in the car and the other in the system installed on road side which would include the micro controller , power supply memory (RAM) and RX TX module (transmitter and receiver). A method for detecting stolen or other wanted vehicles which comprises positioning the detecting means at a plurality of locations for detecting vehicles which have been specifically marked for selective individual identification, and transmitting means at each of the location of detected vehicular information to a central computer. Each of the detecting means and transmitting is operated

simultaneously with the computer which stores stolen vehicle information, and compares the stored information with the detected vehicular information transmitted from the transmitting means to the computer. After the information is compared, a signal is transmitted corresponding to the stolen vehicle information to immobilize the stolen vehicle near the detecting means. The automatic screening will be at the telephone call to the road side computer (we are calling it a computer since it comprises of a complete system) This system will receive the information all the cars passing through the road, if the information of the car doesnt match with the info/number plate of the lost vehicle, the police computer will send a pass signal to the car and the green LED will glow otherwise red LED will glow. Vehicles with red LED have to be stopped by the police. This transmitting receiving and matching will have to be done within second. The circuitry will be made on PCB. Software used will be ORCAD and 8051assembly language is used as well. It will be available to the people for their cars, at the cost of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000which is cheaper than the tracking system that is being used these days, because in tracking system they place a confirmation call and charge you monthly etc. Number plate screening is being done is US with the help of

cameras installed on the road sides but cameras arent very efficient as in high snow fall, rain or other weather condition this system isnt reliable. Secondly transparencies pasted on number plates can easily befool the camera in electronic number plate system nothing can be done as such. 18 FARAYA AZM KAZMI, NISHAT JAWED, SUMAYYA GOHAR, RUBINA ASHRAF. INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING RFID Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has intensified in the last few years. Its the form of automatic identification and data capture technology that uses electric or magnetic fields at radio frequencies to transmit data. Its the tagging of objects like manufacturing goods and people with single chip radios so they can interface with computers. This system provides safety and security that can provide wide of organization substantial productivity gains and efficiencies. Each object required to be identified has a unique identifiers known as RFID tag and devices known as RFID readers wirelessly communicate with the tags to identify the item connected to each tag. This communication can occur without optical line of sight and over greater distances. Monitoring Employee in workplace for the safety is very difficult and challenging problem. Also it is difficult to keep a check on every expensive asset in any type of work place. Intelligent Monitoring System provides the solution for this problem by using RFID technology and wireless data

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MUHAMMAD SAAD BIN RIAZ, SYEDA SAMANA RAZA,

WIRELESS EYEBOT

acquisition system. With the advancement of technology, the processes are becoming more and complex. Due to this increase in complexity, for efficient analysis of process the number of parameters required for data acquisition also increases. Data Acquisition is simply the gathering of information about a system or process. The project is based on RFID technology that will sense the position of the Employee and tells his location at the control room having a complete database and store the information like attendance and entrance and exit timing of employee. Secondly if it detects a specific tag it will turn on the alarm and the robber will be caught easily. Also it keeps the record and check on the mobility of goods. The basic of our project is to provide absolute visibility and control over inter-organizational transaction and thereby enable real time tracking. Wearer presenting a new protocol by which the location the physical objects would be tracked as they pass through transactions. A delay analysis of the location update of a mobile object throws light on the efficiency that project provides in object monitoring. Our intelligent monitoring system using RFID based object tags and automated identification and tracking can avoid the delays and errors due to human interference otherwise incurred in distributed transactions. Our idea, the Wireless Eyebot, is basically a wireless video

MUHAMMAD, MANESH.

surveillance robot. The purpose of surveillance systems is to provide the capability of collecting authentic and purposeful information and forming appropriate decisions to enhance safety. Our proposed robotic system will navigate through the particular area which is to be surveyed and will wirelessly transmit the video of the area. The robot has two different modes of operation, one is semiautonomous in which an operator will be guiding the robot to the destination via RF, second is fully autonomous which will ON when the RF link between robot and base-station gets down. The basic idea is to develop a robotic system that can serve the purpose of surveillance, save man power and provide a much safer and securer way. The surveillance robots find extensive scope in hazardous conditions, medical sciences, defense sector, industries, antiterror activities and fire-fighting etc. These robots can go to the places out of human reach. They can also be used in industries for picking and placing object which gives birth to a relatively new type of robots-the surveillance pick and place robots. In defense and antiterror activities, the surveillance robots find their huge scope including the condition of chaos and also to efficiently track that whether a person is taking some weapon or anything that can be considered as fatal or harmful for the society. The potential customers that

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TANZEELA ZAFAR, MUHAMMAD OSAMA, AMEED-UZ-ZAMAN, AMMAD KHAN.

IMPLEMENT ATION OF AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT NETWORK CODING TECHNIQUE/ALGORITHM IN A CROSS- LAYERED MANET

are the direct target of this project include Law Enforcement Agencies, Hospitals, Industries, Research and Development institutions and all other organizations that require the use of surveillance and data collection. With the development of electronics and communication system, it has become possible to design a surveillance robot that has more reliable design, less expensive and smaller in size Thus there is a great scope and lost to be done in this field of technology to provide a robotic system which can make surveillance easier, safer and cheaper. The peoples future living environments are emerging based upon information resource provided by the connections of various communication networks for users. New small devices like personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, handhelds and wearable computers enhance information processing and accessing capabilities with mobility. Moreover, traditional home appliances, e.g. digital cameras, ovens, washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and thermostats, with computing and communicating powers attached, extend the field to a fully pervasive computing environment. MANETs are a very important part of communication technology that supports truly pervasive computing, because in many contexts information exchange between mobile units

cannot rely on any fixed network infrastructure, but on rapid configuration of a wireless connection on-the-fly.[1] MANETs however have a huge power constraint. The battery of each mobile node is a huge limitation on the performance of the network. Once a battery runs out it has to be replaced. Foreseeing the bright future of this network, we propose a technique that will not only decrease the energy consumption of the mobile nodes but will also increase the throughput and the efficiency of the network while decreasing the data loss rate; thus increasing the battery lifetime of the mobile nodes and enhancing the performance of the network paving the way for future developments in MANETs. These results will be achieved by implementing an energy efficient network coding technique, incorporated with cross layer design, on the mobile nodes. Time to Digital Converter chips transform time intervals into values with high precision They can therefore be described as analogies to ADCs (Analogue to Digital Converter), which have the same function with analogous voltage. Although this definition would permit wristwatches or simple digital meter to be considered TDCs, the term TDC is used only to describe high precision time measuring devices. Generally the term TDC is used converters with a resolution of than one nanosecond. This high

21

AYESHA HABIB, SOFIA YOUSUF.

APPLICATION OF A TIME TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (TDC) FOR MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL STRAIN

22

JAVERIA ZAHID, REEMA RIZWAN, SAMEEN QAYYUM

GESTURE RECOGNITION TO SPEAK SIGN LANGUAGE

resolution cannot be achieved using meters or similar devices without high expenditures so that new customized solution become necessary in this project we will explore one of the unique application of TDC ie Measurement of Mechanical Strain. Sign Languages are the primary mode of communication for many Hearing impaired (HI) people, because these are fullfledged languages in their own rights. Its use is reinforced by its acceptability, usefulness in teaching and in general dealing of HI with the hearing world as also the language role and utility in dealing within their own community. As most hearing people do not know Sign Language and know very little about problems of HI people in general. For such reasons there exists a large communication gap between persons using Sign Language and persons using auditory verbal speech. The project Ges TALK helps them to convert their Sign Language into voice. The operation comprises of three basic modes. In the first mode, a single alphabet is spoken for a gesture as soon it is made by the user. In the second mode, the user can speak the whole string by concatenating words; several gestures of alphabet are made to spell out the words involved in string. The last important mode is the generation of voice for standard Single Hand Static words. The project comprises of three main modules: Virtual Reality Data Glove, Embedded System for Processing and Control and DSP

23

AHSAN SAEED, ADEEL AMIN, SHEHZAD SALEEM.

Module for Voice Synthesis. Data Glove comprises of Bend sensors and is designed after extensive research and organized step wise training of Sign Language gestures and Human Hand Dynamics (HHD), results originated are related to Digital world. Structural programming technique is used. Each Structure individually carries out complex Data Templates Matching, Timing Synchronization among gestures and compensation for gesture fluctuation from user to based on Fixed Based Artificial Intelligence. Digital Processing of signals for Voice Synthesis involved PCM encoding, data compression, storage and reproduction of voice. GesTALK system has been shown to work for Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) and other languages, without invoking complex hand models. The results obtained indicate that the system is able to recognize signs efficiently with a good percentage of success. This project will be valuable addition to the ongoing research in the sign recognition field. On the whole, the project has laid foundations of a unique paradigm, integrating efforts and building capacities, for carrying out further collaborative endeavors. IMPLEMENTATION & Software defined radios (SDRs) VERIFICATION OF are the next technology to allow SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO. new levels of flexibility within a single radio. One software defined radio could potentially support the capabilities of many (if not all of) the radios. The technology offers the potential to revolutionize the way radios

24

DANISH HUSSAIN KHAN, SYED ABDUS SAMAE, MOHAMMAD SAAD, HUNAIZ HANIF.

CONSTRUCTION OF WELL DEFINED 3D MODELS FROM 2D SLICES OF MEDICAL IMAGES

are designed, manufactured, deployed, and used. We are designing and simulating all the main components of the Software Define Radio capable of generating any demodulating a wide range of communication Waveforms with modulation schemes. We will be implementing the complete SDR receiver working at real time. Any communication system is divided into two main components which are the RFfront end and the baseband processing. Throughout the project our main focus would be converged on developing efficient and effective algorithms for baseband processing. The project aims to develop system that can make virtual 3D anatomical models of object extracted from 2D slices obtained from Ct or MRI. The system would be a solution for doctors/medical experts who are tired of watching each and every slice of MRI or CT one by one. In this work, a complete methodology, from the acquisition of medical images to creation of virtual threedimensional models with a particular emphasis on image segmentation technique and several other image processing and computer vision algorithms will be studied. Virtual 3d anatomical models obtained from medical images can be a powerful tool in several medical situations These models will help the doctors/medical experts in better viewing the object they are interested in

25

MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR, MAARIJ RAHEEM, TALHA ASHARAF.

26

AMMAR WASIF, ZUBAIR FAROOQ, M. AHMED SHAH, WAQAS RASHEED, DANISH RAZA.

and plan their strategies accordingly. The models can also be used for finite element modeling of body parts etc. also. To analyze, design & develop a REAL TIME FEEDBACK control loop for the given CONTROL OF NON-LINEAR inverted pendulum. As control MULTI VARIABLE algorithms become more INHERENTY UNSTABLE INVERTED PENDULUM (SELF advanced, the inverted pendulum problem evolves to BALANCING TWO WHEEL become more challenging, ROBOT) which includes the research, design and implementation issues associated with a selfbalancing inverted-pendulum autonomous robot. Driven by two independent wheels, the inspiration for this configuration stems from the control engineering challenge of balancing the inverted pendulum. An autonomous vehicle of this kind can only be realized through the successful integration of mechanical hardware, electrical components and control software.[1] This project will involve the AUTONOMOUS SELF construction of a robotic BALANCING AND system, hence developing a MULTITASKING ROBOT control system to automatically balance the robot via feedback system. For obstacle detection to navigate it to a prescribed position in a hall. Basically we are designing real time two wheel self-balancing robot. The robot will be designed to self-balance on two wheels which can be considered as an inverted pendulum. The balancing will be done by using gyroscope; the controller will take feedback signals from gyroscopes, which close the control loop with the motors as

27

ABDUL MOIZ AARBANI, NAVEED AHMED USMANI, RAHUL NAGSHI, SYEDA ZEHRA RIZVI.

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF 64 ELEMENTS C- BAND MICROSTRIP PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA FOR AIR BORNE & SPACE BORNE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) PAYLOADS

actuators. For the application of this robot we are designing a smart which base on the same structure and design and have a networking setup for communicating with the master. The concept is that it will move to a position specified to it by transmitting the co-ordinates from the master via Wi-Fi. A specified area will be mapped in the robot and when given instruction, it will start moving towards the position and also detect hurdles in its path. The hurdles and obstacles will be detected by using image processing and IR sensor. In image processing the image will be taken after a specific time interval then the distance will be calculated from obstacle. The IR transmitter will transmit Infrared rays at a specific frequency and these rays reflect back by hitting the obstacles. If the obstacle is static then robot will change its position and if the obstacle is moving then it will just stop for seconds and wait for the obstacle to cross and if the obstacle stops in the way, the robot will change its path it will continue its motion. Phased Array Antennas are used in most of the SAR payloads nowadays since it not only provides high gain, but also gives a feature of beam steering In this project, Microstrip Phased Array Antenna needs to be designed at C-band frequency range in between 55.5 GHz. Minimum gain requirement of a phased array antenna is 24 dB which can be met with 64 Microstrip elements. Beam width in

Elevation Plane needs to be>60 degrees and in the azimuth plane > 4 degrees. Bandwidth of an antenna required is 100 MHz with linear polarization (horizontal or vertical) Number of excitation ports to be used for beam steering purpose has not been decided yet, it depends upon the time span. Radome cover also needs to be designed which will be able to protect the antenna from harsh environmental condition and at the same time transparent to electromagnetic waves. The simulations of the antenna will be done on The Math Works MATLAB Phased Array System Toolbox and ANYSS HFSS. 28 KOMAL SIDDIQUI, MEHWISH JAVED, MERMAN KHAN. DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGHALTITUDE UAV COMMUNICATIONS REPEATER PLATFORM FOR RE-TRANSMISSION OF STORED AND LIVE DATA &VIDEO <The project involves development, design and testing of the communications link interfaces and airborne antenna tracking system for flight-testing in a scale prototype of the actual highaltitude research UAV platform.> This project will undertake the construction and implementation of a twowheeled robot that is capable of balancing itself. The structural, mechanical, and electronic components of the robot will be assembled in a manner that produces an inherently unstable platform that is highly susceptible to tipping in one axis. The wheels of the robot are capable of independent rotations, each driven by a servo motor. Information about the angle of the device relative to the ground (i.e.tilt) will be obtained from sensors (i.e.gyro

29

SEHRISH SABA, SIDRA KHALID. TWO WHEEL SELFBALANCING ROBOT

30

Faraya Azm Kazmi, Nishat Jawed, Sumayya Gohar Asad, Rubina Ashraf

Analysis and Recoginization of Living Room Enviroment Sound.

and accelerometer sensors) on the device. Information from the sensors will be feedback to the Microcontroller, which will process the feedback using a crude proportional, integral, derivative (PID) algorithm to generate compensating position control signals to the servo motors in order to balance the device. Research on various ecoenvironment sounds have many specific properties such as the diversity, high background noise and non-stationary structure which make many traditional audio features hadr to characterize them accurately. Humans have the ability to identify sound just by hearing a sound. Adapting the same problems to computers is called (automatic) sound recognition. Several sound recognizers have been developed throughout the years . The accuracy provided by these recognizers is influenced by the features they use and the classification method implemented. While there are many approaches in sound feature extraction and in sound characteristics. The potentialities of a sound recognizer are vast. Systems that actuate according to the recognized sound can improve our quality of life as they can help doing and even do activities for us (like turning lights on when someone claps, calling 112 when someone cries for help, etc). There are two main types of sound recognizers: those that recognize the words in voice message and those that

recognize the sound sources. Our proposed recognizer is sound source recognizer. We test our recognizer with different features of the sounds. There are many proposals of how to extract these features and what features to use like temporal, spectral, cepstral etc. Using the features extracted we define the classes of sounds, one for each of the object we use. Then we can implement the classification system: an application that matches a test sample with one of those classes of sounds. Many classification methods are to be studied in order to find the one which can ensure better recognition results, such as kNearest algorithm, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM) etc. Using the appropriate sound feature and classifier the recognizer will recognize the sources of living room environment sounds. This recognition of sound sources has many applications like it can be used in security system for places where cameras placing are bidden, in industrial automation for controlling in basis of recognizing sound sources and in mobile computing devices. 31 AMMAR WASIF , ZUBAIR FAROOQ, M.AHMED SHAH, WAQAS RASHEED, DANISH RAZA AUTONOMOUS SELF BALANCING AND MULTITASKING ROBOT. This project will involve the construction of a robotic system, hence developing a control system to automatically balance the robot via feedback system. For obstacle detection to navigate it to a prescribed position in a hall.

32

M. NABEEL KHAN, SALMAN MAKHDOOM, FAWAD AHMED, ADIL IQBAL

ACOUSTIC MODELING OF SPEECH DYNAMICS USING DYNAMIC BAYESIAN NETWORK. (DBN)

Basically we are designing real time two wheels which can be considered as an inverted pendulum. The balancing will be done by using gyroscope, the controller will take feedback signals from gyroscopes. Which close the control loop with the motors as actuators. For the application of this robot we are designing a smart robot which based on the same structure and design and have a networking setup for communicating with the master. The concept is that it will move to a position and also detect hurdles in its path. The hurdles and obstacles will be taken after a specific time interval then the distance will be calculated from obstacle. The IR hitting the obstacles. If the obstacle is static then robot will change its position and if the obstacle is moving then it will just stop for seconds and wait for the obstacle to cross and if the obstacle stops in the way, the robot will change its path it will continue its motion. This project is dealing with a vast field of noise, sound and speech recognition. There is a lot of work carried out in this field: speech recognition technology has involved for more than 40 years, spurred on by advances in signal processing, algorithms, architectures and hardware. MIT and Microsoft have generated many research papers regarding this in the year 2011 and 2010. Keeping all the technical

33

FAROOQ ALAM, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ, NAVEED AHMED.

COMPARATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF 3-(I) ELECTRICAL MOTOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION.

changes and difficulties in mind and by over research we have decided to model the parameters firstly. Then initially we will go for a small environment and then we are going to see the impact of those parameters for that environment. We will basically improve the understanding of speech in an open atmosphere in which there are many other noises apart from over desired sound. We will study the dynamics of speech by using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). And by learning that dynamics of speech we can make the machine or equipments to learn them, and to make speech recognition a bit more robust some information on the probability of certain words occurring next to each other is used. This is we what can call Language modeling. And once the machine is intelligent enough to catch and learn the dynamics, it can easily differentiate between the words that sounds almost similar over work will be totally speaker independent that is it will be for multiple speakers. This project is to design for AC motors in industries to provide constant speed on changing loads. A) A project operates on high power and fast speed, so we move towards FPGAs (Field programming gate arrays). FPGA run very fast and vary efficiently. They are designed for mass-parallel execution

so they are very good at handling a lot of inputs and outputs interfaces at once. Especially for real-time operations and executions. B) Many factories use PLC in automation processes to reduce production cost and to increase quality and reliability. Other applications include machine tools with improved precision computerized numerical control due to the use of PLC. To obtain accurate industrial electric drive systems, it is necessary to use PLC interfaced with power converters, personal computers, and other electric equipment. C) PWM or Pulse width Modulation is used to keep the output voltage of the inverted at the related voltage that is 220V AC irrespective of the output load. In a conventional inverter the output voltage according to the changes in load. D) The induction motor drives a variable load and it is FED by control mode which control the standard variable speed operations. The induction motor drives a variable load and it is FED by a constant Voltage-Constant Frequency Standard three phase supply.

34

SEHRISH SABA, SIDRA KHALID

Two Wheel Self-Balancing Robot.

35

ABDUL MOIZ AARBANI, NAVEED AHMED USMANI, RAHUL NAGSHI, SYEDA ZEHRA RIZVI

DESIGN AN OPTIMIZATION OF 64 ELEMENTS C-BAND MICROSTRIP PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA FOR AIR BORNE & SPACE BORNE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) PAYLOADS.

The project will undertake the construction and implementation of a TwoWheeled Robot that is capable of balancing itself. The structural, mechanical and electrical components of robot will be assembled in a manner that produces and inherently unstable platform that is highly susceptible to tipping in one axis. The wheels of the robot are capable of independent rotation in two directions, each driven by a servo motor. Information about the a angle of devices relative to the ground (i.e. tilt) will be obtained from sensors (i.e. gyro and accelerometer sensors) on the device. Information from the sensors will be Fed back to microcontroller, which will process the feedback using a crude proportional, integral, derivatives ( PID ) algorithm to generate compensating position control signals to the servo motors in order to balance the device. Phased array antennas are used in most of the SAR payloads nowadays since it not only provides high gain, but also gives a feature of bean steering. In this project, Micro strip Phased Array Antenna needs to be designed at C-band frequency range in between 55.5 GHz. Minimum gain requirement of a phased array antenna is 24 dB which can be met with 64 Micro strip elements. Beam width in Elevation Plane needs to be > 60 degrees and in the azimuth plane > 4 degrees. Bandwidth of an antenna required is 100 MHz

36

KOMAL SIDDIQUI, MEHWISH JAVED, MERMAN KHAN

(DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH ALTITUDE UAV COMMUNICATIONS REPEATER PLATFORM FOR RE-TRANSMITTION OF STORED AND LIVE DATA AND VIDEO)

with linear polarization (horizontal or vertical). Number of excitation ports to be used for beam steering purpose has not been decided yet, it depends upon the time span. Random cover also needs to be designed which will be able to protect the antenna from harsh environmental conditions and at the same time transparent to electromagnetic waves. The simulations of the antenna will be done on the Math Works Matlab Phased Array System Toolbox and ANYSS HFSS. The project involves development, design and testing of the communications link interfaces and airborne antenna tracking system for flight-testing in a scale prototype of the actual highaltitude research UAV platform.