PRACTICAL 15: An Investigation Of The Effect Of Temperature On Reaction Rate DATA COLLECTION Qualitative Data Substance 0.

1 M Na2S2O3 + 0.5 M HCl Observation A yellow cream precipitate is observed in the conical flask. It obscures the X sign beneath the conical flask after a period of time. Table 1: Observation on reaction between Na2S2O3 and HCl Quantitative Data Temperature, T/K Time, t/s 302 116. 312 65.0 322 42.0 332 28.0 342 18.0 352 11.0 Table 2: Time take for precipitate production at different temperatures DATA PROCESSING Temperature, 1/T, x10-3 k-1 Time, t/s 1/t, s-1 Log(1/t) T/K 302 3.3 116.0 0.0086 -2.06 312 3.2 65.0 0.0154 -1.81 322 3.1 42.0 0.0238 -1.62 332 3.0 28.0 0.0357 -1.45 342 2.9 18.0 0.0556 -1.26 352 2.8 11.0 0.0909 -1.04 Table 3: Data of T, 1/T, t, 1/t and log(1/t) for the precipitate to obscure the conical flask. 1. The yellow cream precipitate is actually sulphur. The chemical equation for the experiment is: Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(aq) +H2O(aq) +S(s)

But the reaction used for the investigation of the effect of temerature is between thiosulphate ions and hydrogen ions. S2O3-2(aq) + 2H+ SO2 + H2O(aq) + S(s)

2. In this experiment, 1/t is assumed as the rate of reactions. Using the data above, the rate constant, k and the activation energy, Ea can be deduced from the Arrhenius equation. 3. Given that the Arrhenius equation is k = Ae(-Ea/RT) where A= constant Ea= activation energy for the experiment (kJmol-1) R= gas constant (8.314 Jk-1mol-1) T = temperature (K) K = rate constant 4. The quantity A represents the collision frequency and is called the frequency factor. 5. The term e(-Ea/RT) is referring o the fraction of molecules with energy equals or greater than the activation energy, Ea. 6. The logarithm form of the equation is Ln k = -Ea/2.303R(1/T) + ln A where ln k = values at y-axis -Ea/2.303R = gradient of graph 1/T = values at x-axis ln A = interception at the x-axis Method of Calculation: 1. Graph of time, t versus temperature, T is plotted 2. Then another graph; graph of log (1/t) vs 1/T is plotted. 3. The activation energy Ea and rate constant, k is determined using the Arrhenius equation. Calculation: 1. Determining the activation energy, Ea From the Arrhenius equation(logarithmic form), -Ea = gradient of graph log(1/t) vs 1/T 2.303R Ea = Y2-Y1 2.303R X2- X1 -Ea = -1.9 (-1.08) ; R = 8.314 -3 2.303R (3.25-2.8)x 10

ie.

-Ea -Ea Ea

= -0.82 x 2.303 x 8.314 0.45 x 10-3 = -34.89 kJmol-3 = 34.89 kJmol-1 = 34.9 kJmol-1

So, activation energy, Ea

2. Determining the value of ln A ln A is the intersection at the y-axis. Therefore, its coordinate is(0,Y1 ) Gradient - 0.82 0.45x 10-3 -Y1 -Y1 Y1 = Y2 Y1 X2 X1 = -1.9 Y1 (3.25 0) x 10-3

= -0.82 x 3.25 x 10-3 + 1.9 0.45 x 10-3 = -4.0222 = 4.0222

Therefore, ln A = 4.0222 3. Determining the rate constant, k From the Arrhenius equation ln k = -Ea (1/T) + ln A 2303R Take T = 342 K Therefore, 1/T = 2.9 x 10-3 k-1 ln k = -34.89 x 2.9 x 10-3 + 4.022 2.303 x 8.314 ln k = 4.0275 k = 10653.3 moldm-3s-1 So, the rate contant, k = 10653.3 moldm-3s-1