Acute

angle Algorithrn

An angle that has measttre less than 90"

A set of instructions used to solve a problem or obtain a desired result [:or exantple, the
"sl.,arnpoo alqorithni" explains how to wash one's hair: uret hair, lather, rinse, repeat Flalf the difference between the nrinimum ancl nraxinrum rralues of tlte range

Anrplitucle

anrrulus Antipr:lrlal ;roirtts apex apntlrelrr

Argand

T-he region beiween two cdncentric circles wltich have clifferent raclii.

Two points ciirectly oJrposite eaclt other on a spllere. Tlte vertex at the tip of a cone or pyramicl -flre line segnrent fronr the center r:f a regular polygon to the rnidpoint of a sicle, or the length of tlris segment. Same as the inradius; that is, the radius of a regular polygon's inscribed circle.
"I-he x-axis is callecl the real axis and the yl-he coordinate plane rrserj to graplr cornplex nurnbers axis is callecJ the irnagirrary axis The complex ntttnber; +yi is qtaphed as the point (x, y).

plane

asymptote
axiorrr bearing

fr:ffi lj,xil;",!u,,n*

graph of a relation apprr:aches more and nrore closely the further the

A statetnent accepterl as trt.te witltor,rt proof

Two similar ways of irrdicating direction. Orr the left below is a kincl of bearing which uses compass points. The bearing S34"8 nteans the direction is 34" away from due soutlr directed towards the east. The other way, on the right below, Ineasures the angle clockwise from cltte nortlt.

l'

i ," -. ,, t' F:
i:1' r

'i *i: :t!

caterrary Cis cnefficient Cornposite Irumbers congruent Criticat p6int cilrve cusp derivative Digit cliscorrtilruitv 4isjupction Dorlecagolt rJpmailr Differerrtial equatiolt

The curve natLrrally formecl by a slacl< rope or wire lranging between two fixed points A catenary is NO-f a parabola, even though it looks like one. A complex-valrrecl function made from sine and cosine witlr definition cis 0 = cos 0 + isin 0

l-[e

nunrber mr"rltiplied tinres a proclLtct of variables or po\ruers of variables in a ternr

9,

A positive integer tlrat has factors otherthan just 1 and the number itself For example, 4, 6, B, 10,12, etc. are all composite numbers. The nuntber 1 is not contposite. Exactly equal in size and shape A point (x, y) on the graph of a function at
rrulrich

the clerivative is either 0 or Ltndefined

A word used to irrdicate any path, whetlrer actually curved or straight, closed of open. A curve cart be on a plane or in tlrree,.dirnensional space (or n-dimensional space, for that matter) Lines, circles, arcs, parabolas, polygons, and helixes are all types of curyes. A sharP Point on a ctlrve

A function which gives the slope of a curve; that is, the slope of the line tangent to a function. I'he clerivative of a functiotr f at a point x is commonly written f '(x). Any of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7. B, and 9 used to write numbers. A point at r,vlriclr tlre graph of a lelation or fltnction is not connected.
A statement which connects two otlter statements using the r't'lrd or. For example, "A polygon with foLrr sides can be callecl a quadrilateral or a rllradrangle" contains the disjunction "quadrilateral or
quadrang le". A polygon vvitlt 12 sides

l-he set of vahres of tlre inclepettdent variable(s) for-whiclr a function or relation is defined
'Iypically, ilris is the set of x-valttes tlrat give rise to real
-v-valLtes

An ecluation slrowing; a relationslrip between a function ancl its cJeritrative(s) For

is a cJi{ferential eqLration rvitlr so'lutiotrs y -- Co-' A number that indicates how drar,vn oLrt or attenltateC a crlnir; ser:tion ls

exanrnre

1!' .

--r.=r.l

event extrernunt

n Sui of p;sstble outconles resultlng fr om a panicular e)ipefit,,cni

An extrenre value r:f a function. lrr other words, tlre rnirrinra and nraxinra of a function. Extrema may be either relative (local) or absolute (global).

Explicit function Factorial Fibonnaci

sequence

A furrction in which the dependent variable can be written explicitly in terms of the indepettdent
variable.

The product of a given integer and ali snraller positive irrtegers

The sequence of numbers 1, 1 , 2, 3, 5, 8, 1 3, 21, 34, adding tlre previous two terms.

. for which the next ternr is found

bv

function

A relation for wfricfr eacli element of the dornain corresponds to exactly one elenrent of tlte range. For example,

ttI ii",l

r:::.::

i'

r'

is a functiott because each nurnber x in the domain has only one

possible square root. On the other hand possible values for any positive value of x. Geornetric figure

j'

It is any set of points on a plane or in space.

Googol
Great circle

The number

10100

A circle on the surface of tlre sphere tlrat shares its center with the center of the sphere.
'lh:" ''',1' .!"'
,!
.'r

I1

..l!:

Inflection point
Integers

A point at wfriclr a curve changes frorn concave up to concave down, or vice-versa.

Al1

positive ancl negative wltole numbers (inclLrding zero). l'hat is, the set

{.

, -'3, -2, -1, 0, 1,2,

3,

...t.

Instantaneous rate of change lsosceles trapezoid

l-he rate of cliange at a partrcular rnonrent Sanre as the value of the derivative at a particular
point.

A trapezoicl witlr base angles that are the sarire Cottseqttently, the legs will be cottgruettt to eaclt
otlrer as well.
L.i.iil','it
r.it.t

/rl

j".

Latus rectunr
l-eading

l-l're lirre segrrrent througlr a focus of a conic section, perpeniiicLtlar to the major axis, which has botlr endpoirtts orr the curve. l"he coeificient of a polyrrotrial's leadtng tertn For exanrlile, 5 is the leacling coefficient of 5x4 - 6x3
1'

coefficient lemniscate
Lirnacon

4x

* '12.

A curve usually expressed tn polar coordinates tltat resernbles a figure eight 'Ihe cardioid is a special kirrd of A famliy of related curves usually expressed in polar coordinates. limagon.

i,r,,r.,r.;

,l!il:t::(,.1

; ir, rl

line
l.-ine segment

A line is the straight path <;onnecting twtt points arrd extending beyond
directions.

the pr:ints

in

both

All points between two given points (lncluding the given points themselves).

locus
Major arc

A worcl for a set of points that forn"ts a geometric figure or graph. For exatnple, a circle can be defined a: tlre locus of points that are all the sarne distance from a giver point.
The longer of tlre two arcs between ttvo points ott a circle
f.L!,:{ "(ti' :i,riu e t., !l

Minuend

l-he number from which attother is to be subtracted eg, 7 - 5 =

7 is the minuend

Obtuse angle

Hn anlle that has measure more than 90" ancl lqs5

i'r3.

1?0'

Octants

01

The eight regions into which three dimensional space is divicied by the x-, y-, and z-axes.
A functiorr with a graph that is syrlmetric with respect to the origin. A function is odd if and only if

Orld furrction Order of a clifferential

eeluatir:n

f(-x) = -4*; Tlre nurnber of the highest derivative in a differential equation. A differential equation of order
called first order, order 2 second order, etc. Nurnerical vvorcis that indicate order. The ordinal numbers are: first, second, third, fourth, etc.

IS

0r<lilral lrunrhers Orthogonal

Partial derivative Plane figure

At a 90' arrgle A derivative of a function that has more than one indepenr"Jent variable.
n ^t-^^^ ^^ d ^ t/tdttg. ^l^.,^ n )t tdt-rv utt

Perfect number point Polyltecltolt

A number n for which tlre surn of all the positive integer factors of
to lr.

rr

which are iess than n adrJ up

1'lre geometric figure forrned at the intersection of two distinct lines

A solid wrth no curved surfaces or edges. All faces are polygons and all edges are line segrnents

polygon polynnmial
Power Prinre trurnher

A closecl plane figure for which all sides are line segments.

The sum or difference of terrns wlrich have variables raised to positive integer powers ancl which have coefficients tlrat may be real or complex. Tlre result of raising a base to an exponent The result of raising a base to an exponent. A positive irrtecter which ltaq only 1 attrl the nurnber itself as factors l-he likelilror:d of the occufrence r:f an event.

Probability
Quadrantal angle Quarlratic Qrradrilateral Quartic
;r<llyrronrial
RarJieanr.l rar-rge

An arrgle witlr terminal side on the x-axis or y-axis. That is, the angles 0", 90', 180", 270", 360", 450', ... as well as -90', -180", *270", -360', .
.

An equation, gtaplt, or clata that can be rlodeled hy a deqree 2 polynotnial.

A polygorr with four sicles. A polynomial of degree 4

Ray

assumed by a function or relation ,:ver all perrnitted values of the inclependent variable(s) A part of a lirre startirrg at a parlicular point ancl extettding infinitely in one direction
.

I he nrrrtber rrrrder the r' lrarlical) syttrhol J'he set of -12-ys1r,.= of a function or relation More generally, the range is the set of values

relatiolr Real nurntrers

A set of orrlerecj pairs. For exanrple, {(1, 2), (3, 4), (1, a) (5, f } is a relation So is the set {(x, = x2); this is tlre set of all ordered pairs (x, y) for wliclt y - x'

y) y

relrrainrler Rhombus Riemannian geornetry Root Scalar Scalene trialtgle set

-Ihis inclucles (bLtt is not limited to) positives ancJ negatives, All nunrbers on the number line integers and raticlrral numbers, sqLrare rools, cuhe roots, n (pi), etc Real nunrbers are indicated by silllsp Ii{ sr iq -fhe
The part left over after k:rtg divisioit
part left over after long divisiorr

A parallelogram with four cottgruent sides A non-Er-rclidean geonretry irr which there are no parallel lines. This geometry is usually thought of 'The "lines" are great circles, and the "points" are pairs as tal<ing place on the sLrrface of a sphere. of cliametrically opposecl poirrts As a resLtlt, all "iines" intersect. A, solution tc; an equation of the forrn i(x) = 0 Roots may be reai ot'complex Any reai nnmber, or any quantity ihat can be measured using a single real number Temperature, length, and mass are all scalars. A scalar is saici to have magnitude but no direction.
A triarrgle for v,,hich all three sides have differettt lenqtlts A group of nurlbers, variables, geornetricfigures, or jrrst about anything Sets are written using set braces i). For example, {1,2,3J is tlre set containing the elements'1, 2 and 3

$ector of a circle
Secant line

A part of the interior of a circle bouncle.J by two radii 2n1 an arc.

A line

r,r,hiclt passes tlrlotrgh at lerst

tuo ltoinlr,'r-a cltrve.

:.
I
-i-

closed curve sinusoid

Simple

A connected curve that cloes not cross itself ancl ends at the same point where it begins.
Examples are circles, ellipses, and polygons, A wave shapetJ like tlre graph of
Jl

= sin x. Note: The graphs of both sine ancl costne are Sinusoids.

*=-ruou: n .i, ;:i

i\ ji tit iiliiii, ,
,':

\,,,

Subtralrend Slope of a curve

Supplenrentary
angles Tangent

the nurrrber

be suUtracted frorn the minuend the rrnrnber to be sr-rbtractecl from the minuend

\r \i \i

A nurlber which is usecl to inclicate tlre sieepness of a curve at a particular point. The slope of a
curve at a point is defrried to be the slope of the tattgent line

Two angles that add up to 180".

line Theorern numbers Translation Trapezium Trichotomy , prinres Undecagon Unit circle Vector Vertex
Tviin

A line that touches a curve at a point without crossing over

An assertion tlrat can be proved true usirig the rules of logic. A tlteorenr is proven from axioms, postulates, or otlter theorerns already l<nown to be true.
Real numbers that are not algebraic. Tlrat is, real numbers that cannot be a root of a polynomial equation witlr integer coefficients. e and n are transcendental.

Transcendental

A transformation in wfrich a graph or geonretric figure is picked up and moved to another location without any chartge in size or orietrtation

A quadrilateral with no parallel

sicles.

The property of real number$ wfrich guarantees that for any two real numlrers a and b, exactly one of the following must be true: a < b, a = b, or a > b. Prirne numbers that are two apart fronr each other, suclr as 3 and 5 A polygon with eleven sides The circle with radius 'l which is centered at the origin on the x*y plane. A quantity witlr both direction and magiritude.
A corner point of a geornetric figure

MuUiplrc*yrd

Mv\\yli..

lt J 'r b^\ h.*lfdieJ W ^\rpV"u- **,Q.,r, {he- n,;nnt.,,-, bf *,Ul& {4* *".r\!.tg1n'.^oA lr .-ulil pii"J

o*rnte *

"j:'d

,fe*