SPIE Conference (San Diego): August 27, 2007

The Nature of Light

Riccardo C. Storti
www.deltagroupengineering.com

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 What are we going to cover?

The derivation of the mass & size of all existing

fundamental particles & the prediction of new ones

The derivation of the Hubble constant

The derivation of the CMBR temperature

The derivation of the ZPF energy density threshold

The Cosmological evolution process

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 How did we calculate Particle
properties from 1st principles?

Apply Dimensional Analysis Techniques, Buckingham's Π

Theory and similarity principles to combine Electricity,
Magnetism and resultant ElectroMagnetic acceleration

Apply the equivalence principle to the Π groupings

Apply Fourier Harmonics to the equivalence principle

Apply ZPF Theory to Fourier Harmonics

Apply the Polarisable Vacuum model of gravity to the ZPF
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 What errors are associated
with our Photon method?
Note: EGM is the name we have given our Photon method

#IST

#IST

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 What is the mathematical pattern responsible?

The specific equation that describes the mass-energy &

radius relationship between all particles may be written
simply as:
2 5
9 9
ω Ω r 1, M 1 M1 r2
. St ω
ω Ω r 2, M 2 M2 r1

(i) “ωΩ” denotes the harmonic cut-off frequency

(ii) “Stω” is a harmonic value & is the ratio between 2 spectra
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 What harmonic patterns form?

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 How did we calculate Cosmological
properties from 1st principles?
The primary tool employed to achieve our objectives is similitude,
subject to the following simplified constraints:

The Cosmos at an instant prior to the “Big-Bang” is termed the “Primordial
Universe”. It was characterised by a single wavefunction with maximum permissible
energy density distributed homogeneously, analogous to a Planck scale particle such
that it was dynamically, kinematically and geometrically similar to a
“Schwarzschild-Black-Hole” (SBH)

The relationship between the “Primordial Universe” and its present visible size
obeys the EGM harmonic representation of fundamental particles

The “Milky-Way” (MW) Galaxy may be represented as a Planck scale particle of
homogeneous energy density and equivalent total mass. This configuration has been
termed the Galactic Reference Particle (GRP), such that dynamic, kinematic and
geometric similarity exists between the “Primordial Universe” and the GRP
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 How did we derive the
Hubble constant?

The derivation of the Hubble constant may be simplified to the

following process:

Treat all matter as radiators of Gravitons

Transform gravitational frequency to intensity - expressed in “Jansky’s”

Derive the minimum gravitational lifetime of starving matter: “TL = h / mγγ”

Relate the EGM harmonic representation of fundamental particles to the
gravitational intensities of the “Primordial Universe” & the “Milky-Way” (i.e. GRP)

Solve for Hubble’s constant

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 How did we derive the
CMBR temperature?

The derivation of the CMBR temperature may be simplified to the

following process:

Derive an expansive scaling factor “KT” utilising the ratio of the Hubble constant at
the instant of the “Big-Bang” (i.e. “Hα”) to the derived Hubble constant

Derive a thermodynamic scaling factor “TW” based upon the red-shifted wavelength
of a “Big-Bang” Photon after Hubble time

“KT” multiplied by “TW” yields the CMBR temperature in terms of the derived
Hubble constant

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 What numerical results did we achieve?

A Hubble age of “14.6 Billion years”

A Hubble constant of “67.1(km/s/Mpc)”
[i.e. to within “5.5(%)” of the very rough community agreed value]

A CMBR temperature of “2.7248(K)”
[i.e. to within “0.01(%)” of the highly accurate physical measurement
by WMAP]

A Galactic radius of “8.1(kpc)” & total mass of “6.314x1011(Solar
masses)” [i.e. to within “1.34(%)” & “5.24(%)” of standard
community estimates respectively]

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 What do the results demonstrate?

The influence of “Dark Matter / Energy” upon the Hubble constant
and CMBR temperature is “< 1(%)”

The constitution of the Universe is:
– “> 95(%)” Photons
– “< 1(%)” Dark Matter / Energy
– “4(%)” Atoms

The average Cosmological value of Zero-Point-Field (ZPF) energy
density is “–2.52x10-13(Pa)” hence, commercial energy extraction
from the ZPF (i.e. the Casimir Force) is unlikely because the available
ZPF energy is limited to “–0.252(mJ/km3)”
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 What is the mathematical key?

The mathematical key is the derived relationship between the Hubble
constant “H” and CMBR temperature “TU2” as follows (µ = 1/3),
2 5

ω Ω r 1, M 1
9 9 Hα 5 .µ
2
M1
.
r2
St ω
→ T U2( H ) K W . St T . ln .H
ω Ω r 2, M 2 M2 r1 H
2
2 .µ
2
4.µ λ x. ω h ω h 2.µ 5
St T . Hα λ x 4 . c
µ µ
ω h
( 4.µ ) .c π λ x π G. h

where: “StT”, “Hα”, “λx” and “µ” are derived constants

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 31 Av. Cosmological Temp. vs. Hubble Cons.
3.5 .10
1
Hα
t1 Max. Cosmological Temp.: 3.2x1031(K)
31
3 .10

31
T U3 H β 2.5 .10

1
Av. Cosmological Temperature (K)

2
5 .µ
T U3 e
31
2 .10

2
10 .µ
2
2
1 T vs. H
5 .µ . 5 .µ 1
2
5 .µ
T U3 e
1
2 2 1.5 .10
31 T U3 H β K W .St T .ln . H .H
β α
15 .µ . 5 .µ 2 2
Hβ
2 2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ . 5 .µ 3 2
T U3 e

31
1 .10

30
5 .10

43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
H β .H α
Big-Bang: 0(K), Hα ≈ 0.37ω
ωh Hubble Constant (Hz)

H = HβHα
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http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 1
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 72 1st Derivative of Av. Cosmological Temp.
1 .10

t1 t2
71
8 .10

71
6 .10

71
4 .10

2 .10
71
dT/dt vs. t
1
dT dt H β .H α

dT dt t 1 0
(K/s)

dT dt t 2
71
dT dt t 3 2 .10

71
4 .10

2
6 .10
71 5 .ln H α .t .µ 1
dT dt ( t ) K W .St T .
2
5 .µ .
8 .10
71
t t

72
1 .10

72
1.2 .10
42 41 40 39
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
1
H β .H α
Max. Cosmological Temp.: 3.2x1031(K) Cosmological Age (s)

FOR MORE INFO... t = (HβHα)-1

http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 2
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 113 2nd Derivative of Av. Cosmological Temp.
5 .10

t2 t3

113
5 .10

d2T/dt2 vs. t
1
dT2 dt2 H β .H α
114
1 .10
dT2 dt2 t 1
(K/s^2)

dT2 dt2 t 2

dT2 dt2 t 3 114

1.5 .10

114
2 .10

2 2
5 .µ . ln H α .t . 5 .µ 1 2 1
K W .St T .
114
2.5 .10 dT2 dt2 ( t )
2
5 .µ . 2
t t
114
3 .10
42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 41 41 41 41 41 41
2 .10 3 .10 4 .10 5 .10 6 .10 7 .10 8 .10 9 .10 1 .10 1.1 .10 1.2 .10 1.3 .10 1.4 .10 1.5 .10
1
H β .H α
Cosmological Age (s)

FOR MORE INFO... t = (HβHα)-1

http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 3
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 1st Derivative of the Hubble Constant
84
2 .10
1 t4 Region of positive Hubble gradient
t1
Hα
84
1 .10

η
dH dt H β
84
1 .10
1
Region of negative Hubble gradient
2
5 .µ 1
dH dt e 84
2 .10
1
(Hz^2)

2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ 1
dH dt e 84
3 .10

2 2
2
5 .µ . 5 .µ

5 .µ . 5 .µ . 5 .µ
2
2
4

1
2

2 84
dH/dt vs. t
dH dt e 4 .10

Hγ = Ηβη
84
5 .10

Cosmological Inflation Cosmological Expansion

84
6 .10

7 .10
84
Max. Cosmological Temp. Line: 3.2x1031(K)
43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
1
η
Big-Bang: 0(K), Hα ≈ 0.37ω
ωh H β .H α
Cosmological Age (s)

ΗβηΗα)-1
t = (Η
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http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 4
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 2nd Derivative of the Hubble Constant

125
8 .10
t5

125
7 .10

6 .10
125
d2H/dt2 vs. t
η
dH2 dt2 H β

H α .H γ
125 3 2
5 .10
1
2 dH2 dt2 H γ . 5 .µ 2 . ln 1 . 5 .µ 2 1 2 1
5 .µ 1
dH2 dt2 e
4 .10
125
5 .µ
2 Hγ
1 Hγ
(Hz^3)

2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ 1 125
dH2 dt2 e 3 .10

2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ 4 2
125
2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ . 5 .µ
2
1 2 2 .10
dH2 dt2 e

125
1 .10

Hγ = Ηβη 0

125
1 .10

42 41 40
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
1
η
H β .H α
Cosmological Age (s)

ΗβηΗα)-1
t = (Η

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http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 5
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 Mag. of Hubble Cons. vs. Cosm. Age

1
2.5 .10
42
Hα
t1 Max. Cosmological Temp. Line: 3.2x1031(K)

Primordial Inflation √|dH/dt| vs. t

Thermal Inflation
42
2 .10
dH dt H β
η Hubble Inflation
1
Hubble Expansion
2 t4
5 .µ 1
dH dt e
42
1.5 .10
1
(Hz)

dH dt e
2
5 .µ . 5 .µ
2
1 FOR MORE INFO...
2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ 4 2

dH dt e
2 2
5 .µ . 5 .µ . 5 .µ
2
1 2
1 .10
42

Gr
http://www.deltagroupen
5 .10
41
gineering.com/public
ap
ations.htm h
0
1 .10
43
1 .10
42
1 .10
41
1 .10
40
1 .10
39
1 .10
38
1 .10
η
37
1 .10
1
36
1 .10
35
1 .10
34
1 .10
33
15
1 .10
32
1 .10
31
1 .10
30

Big-Bang: 0(K)
H β .H α
Cosmological Age (s)
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ΗβηΗα)-1
t = (Η

FOR MORE INFO...

http://www.deltagroupengineering.com/publications.htm Graph 6
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Standard Model
 Photon method summary points

We have “quasi-unified” particle physics by considering all particles

to be Photon radiators producing mass-energy & radii predictions
(see: Proceedings)

The Casimir Force is also derived based on our Photon method
(see: “Quinta Essentia – Part 3”, includes new predictions)

We have derived two of the most important Cosmological parameters
& made new predictions
(see: “Quinta Essentia – Part 4”)

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 So what does all this mean?

The gravitational spectrum is a simple, but extreme,

extension of the EM spectrum

There may be “5+” undiscovered particles based on our
harmonic interpretation of Photons

The Hubble constant & CMBR temperature are related

Matter is just a condensed form of Photons ….
Hence, a Photon is a propagating “piece” of matter!
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 The End

I hope you’ve enjoyed the show ….

Feel free to talk with me after the presentation

or you can contact me by:
E-Mail: rstorti@deltagroupengineering.com
Phone (Oz): +61 410-493-087

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