Trigo Functions

Additional Mathematics
Form 5
CHAPTER 5: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

5.1 Positive Angle and Negative Angle
90
y
180 ( )
Quadrant II
Quadrant I
2 radian = 360 radian = 180

x 360 (2)
Quadrant Quadrant III IV 270
Positive Angle
A positive angle is measured in an anticlockwise direction from the positive x-axis.
Anticlockwise y direction
Negative Angle
A negative angle is measured in a clockwise direction from the positive x-axis.
60
O x
45
Clockwise direction
Represent each of the following angles in a Cartesian plane and state the quadrant of the angle. Example 60
y
1(a) 70
60
x
(b) 150
x
Quadrant 1 Example 215

y
2(a) 195
x
(b) 345
x
215
O
O O
Quadrant III Example 395

y
3(a) 415
35
(b) 480
x
x 360
395
Quadrant I Example 5 4
y
5 4
4(a)
x
3 4
(b)
x
5 3
Quadrant III Example 45

y
5(a) 130
1 (b) 3
x
45
Quadrant IV
Trigonometric Functions 1 Prepared by: Gan K. S.
Form 5
5.2 Six Trigonometric Functions of any Angle (1) 5.2.1 Define sine, cosine and tangent of any angle in a Cartesian plane 1 r Hypotenuse Opposite to
sin = cos = tan =
( (
y x
Adjacent to
( ( ( (
) )
) ) ) )
Conclusion :
sin =
Opposite Hypotenuse Adjacent cos = Hypotenuse Opposite tan = Adjacent
2 r2 = 3 2 + 4 2 r 4 3 r =
3 +4
2 2
Conclusion : a c
r = 5 Pythagoras Theorem : c2 = a 2 + b2 a 2 = c 2 b2 b2 = c 2 a 2
b c = a2 + b2 a = c2 b2 b = c2 a2
3. Find the length of OA and the values of sine, cosine and tangent of . (a) in quadrant I y
P (12, 5) 5 12 5
OP = =
sin =
cos =
tan =
12
5
x
(b) in quadrant II
y
P (8, 6) 6
OP =
8
sin = =
cos = =
tan = =
=
O x
Trigonometric Functions
Prepared by: Gan K. S.
Form 5
(c) in quadrant III

y
OP =
4 3 P (4, 3)
sin =
cos =
tan = =
=
O x
(d) in quadrant IV
y
OP =
5
O
sin =
12
cos =
tan =
12
=
x
12 P (5, 12)
(e) Conclusion: Sin is positive for in quadrant . and . Cos is positive for in quadrant . and . Tan is positive for in quadrant . and . Sin is negative for in quadrant . and . Cos is negative for in quadrant . and . Tan is negative for in quadrant . and . 4. Find the corresponding reference angle of . (a)
y
Fill in with or + sign. 90 y Sin Cos Tan 180 Sin Cos Tan 270 Sin Cos Tan
Sin Cos Tan

x
0 360
(b)
55
x 180
110
x 360
Reference angle = 55
Reference angle = = 70
110
(c)
180
(d)
x360 180
215
300
x 360
Reference angle = 215 = 35

Trigonometric Functions 3
Reference angle = = 60
300
Form 5
(e) Conclusion: Reference angle (RA) is the acute angle formed between the rotating ray of the angle and the ______________________________ R.A =
y
R.A =
x
R.A =
R.A =
In Quadrant II: sin = sin (180 ) cos = cos (180 ) tan = tan (180 )
y
In Quadrant III sin = sin ( 180) cos = cos ( 180) tan = tan ( 180)
y
In Quadrant IV sin = sin (360 ) cos = cos (360 ) tan = tan (360 )
y
180
O
180
O x O
360
x
5. Given that cos 51 = 0.6293, find the trigonometric ratios of cos 231 without using a calculator or mathematical tables. Reference angle of 231 = 231 y =
x
cos 231 = =
6. Given that sin 70 = 0.9397, find the trigonometric ratios of sin 610 without using a calculator or mathematical tables. Reference angle of 610 = 610
y
=
x
sin 610 = =
7. Given that tan 25 = 0.4663, find the trigonometric ratios of tan 335 without using a calculator or mathematical tables. Reference angle of 335 = 335 y =
x
tan 335 = =
Form 5
5.2.2 Define cotangent, secant and cosecant of any angle in a Cartesian plane. 1
sin = cos = tan =
( (
( ( ( (
) ) ) )
2 r y x
1 = sin 1 = cos 1 = tan
( ( ( ( ( (
) ) ) ) ) )
r y
y x
) )
( ( ( (
) ) ) )
then
3. Definition of cotangent , secant and cosecant .
1 = cosec sin 1 = sec cos 1 = cot tan

r
4. Since tan =
sin , cos
cot =
5. 90 x y
6. Complementary angles: sin = cos (90 ) cos = sin (90 ) tan = cot (90 ) cosec = sec (90 ) sec = cosec (90 ) cot = tan (90 )
y sin = r x cos = r y tan = x
x r y cos ( 90 ) = r x tan ( 90 ) = y sin ( 90 ) =
7. Given that sin 48 = 0.7431, cos 48 = 0.6991 and tan 48 = 1.1106, evaluate the value of cos 42. 90 48 48 = cos 42 = =
8. Given that sin 67 = 0.9205, cos 67 = 0.3907 and tan 67 = 2.3559, evaluate the value of cot 23. 90 67 67 = cot 23 = =
9. Given that sin 37 = 0.6018, cos 37 = 0.7986 and tan 37 = 0.7536, evaluate the value of sec 53. 90 37 37 = sec 53 = =
Form 5
5.2.3
Find values of six trigonometric functions of any angle
1. Complete the table below. 1 2 60 2 30 1 2 45 60 2 60

30 2 60
1 1
45 45 1
1 60
sin cos tan
cos ( ) = cos 1 2 1 sin ( ) = sin tan ( ) = tan

O
2. Use the values of trigonometric ratio for the special angles, 30 , 45 and 60, to find the value of the trigonometric functions below Example: Evaluate sin 210 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative
y
a. Evaluate tan 300 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative
180
x 360
sin Find reference angle Reference angle of 210 = 210 180 = 30 Solve sin 210 = sin 30 1 = 2 b. Evaluate cos 150 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative
Find reference angle
Solve
c. Evaluate sec 135 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative
Form 5
Solve
Solve
5.2.4
Solve trigonometric equations
A. Steps to solve trigonometric equation 1. Determine the range of the angle. 2. Find the reference angle using tables or calculator. 3. Determine the quadrant where the angle of the trigonometric function is placed. 4. Determine the values of angles in the respective quadrants. 1. Solve the following equation for 0 360. Example: sin = 0.6428 Range : 0 360 Reference angle : = sin1 0.6428 = 40 Quadrant :
S 180 T C y A 40 x360 180 40 S y A x360 180 T C T C S y A x360 180 T C S y A x360
a. cos = 0.3420 0 360
Quadrant I Actual angles = 40 , = 40 , 140
Quadrant II = 180 40
Quadrant ____
Quadrant ____
b. tan = 1.192 Range : Reference angle : Quadrant y:
c. cos = 0.7660
Quadrant ___ Actual angles

Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
Form 5
d. sin = 0.9397 Range : Reference angle : Quadranty:
e. tan = 0.3640
Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
f. cot = 1.4826 Range : Reference angle : Quadranty:
g. cosec = 2.2027
Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
Quadrant ___
2. Solve the following equation for 0 360. sec 2 = 2 0 360 0 2 720 1 =2 cos 2 1 Reference angle : cos 2 = 2 2 = 60 y Quadrant : S A example : Range :
180 T Trigonometric Functions C 60 60 x360,720 8 Prepared by: Gan K. S.
a. 2 sin 2 = 1.6248
Form 5
Actual angles 2 = 60, 360 60, 60 + 360, (36060) + 360 = 60, 300, 420, 660 b. cos 3 = 0.9781 Range Reference angle : Quadrant : c. tan = 2.05 2
Actual angles
d. sin ( + 10) = 0.7660
e. cos ( + 40) = 0.7071
f. tan ( + 15) = 1
g. cos ( 20) = 0.5
Form 5
h. tan (2 10) = 2.082
i. sin (2 30) = 0.5
j. sin = cos 20
k. cos = sin 55
Example :
2 sin x cos x = cos x 2 sin x cos x cos x = 0 cos x ( 2 sin x 1) = 0 cos x = 0 , 2 sin x 1 = 0 1 sin x = 2 x = 30 y
S A x360 180 x360 T C
m. 2sin x cos x = sin x
x = 90 , 270
x = 30, 150 x = 30, 90, 150, 270 n. 2 cos 2 + 3 cos = 1
o. 2 sin2 + 5 sin = 3
p. tan2 = tan
q. 3 sin = 2 + cosec
10 Prepared by: Gan K. S.
Form 5
3. Given that sin x = p and 00 < x < 900. Express each of the following trigonometric ratios in terms of p.
x
(a) sec x =
(b) cosec x =
(c) tan x =
(d) cot x =
(e) sin ( 900- x) =
(f) cos (900- x) =
(g) sec (900- x) =
(h) cosec (900 x) =
(i) tan ( 90o - x) =
(j) cot ( 90o x ) =
11
Form 5
(k) sin(-x) =
(l) cos (-x) =
8 and 2700< x < 3600. 17 Without using tables or calculator, find the values of. 4. Given that sin x =
x
8 and 1800< x < 2700. 17 Without using tables or calculator, find the values of 5. Given that cos x = x
(a) cos x =
(a) sin x =
(b) tan x =
(b) tan x =
(c) cosec x =
(c) cosec x =
(d) sec x =
(d) sec x =
(e) cos (900 x) =
(e) sec (900 x) =
(f) sin ( 900 x ) =
(f) cot ( 900 x ) =
(g) sin (-x) =

(g) sin (-x) =

Form 5
(h) tan (-x) =
(h) cos (-x) =
5.4 5.4.1
Basic Identities Prove Trigonometric Identities using Basic Identities Formula of compound angle : sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B tan (A B) = tan A tan B 1m tan A tan B
Three basic trigonometric identities : sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 1 + tan 2 = sec 2 1 + cot 2 = cosec 2 cos2 = 1 sin2 sin2 = 1 cos2
Formula of double angle : sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos 2A = cos A sin A = 2 cos2 A 1 = 1 2sin2 A tan 2A =
2 2
Formula of half angle : A A cos 2 2 A A cos A = cos2 sin2 2 2 A = 2 kos2 1 2 A = 1 2sin2 2 A 2 tan 2 tan 2A = 2 A 1 tan 2 sin A = 2 sin
2 tan A 1 tan 2 A
1. Prove the following identities Example: cot + tan = cosec sec cos sin cot + tan = + sin cos cos 2 + sin 2 = sin cos 1 = sin cos = cos ec sec a. tan2 (1 sin2 ) = sin2
b.
sin 2 = 1 + cos 1 cos

13
c. sin2 + cot2 = cosec2 cos2
Form 5
d.
( sec + tan ) 2 =
1 + sin 1 sin
e.
1 + sin x cos x + = 2 sec x cos x 1 + sin x
2. Solve the following equations for 0 x 360. a. 3 sin x + 2 = cosec x
b. 2 cot2 x 5 cot x + 2 = 0
c. cos2 x 3 sin2 x + 3 = 0
d. cot2 x= 1 + cosec x
e. 2 tan 2 x = 4 + sec x
14
Form 5
5.5
Graphs of Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions
(a) Graph Sine
(b) Graph Cosine
15
Form 5
(c) Graph Tangent
Sketch the graph of each of the following trigonometric functions.
16
Form 5
17
Form 5
Graphs of Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions 1. Graphs of Sine Solve the following problems.
(a)Sketch the graph of y = | sin x | for 0 x 2. Determine a suitable that can be drawn to solve the equation 2 | sin x | x = 0. Then, find the number of solutions. (b) Sketch the graph of y = | 2 sin x + 1 | for 0 x 2. Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions to solve the equation | 2 sin x + 1 | + 2x = 3 for 0 x 2.
(c) Sketch on the same axes, y = 4 sin 2x and x y = 4 for 0 x 2. Hence, determine the number of solutions which satisfy the equation 4 sin 2x + x = 4 for 0 x 2.
1 x for 0 x 2. 2 On the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to 1 x . Hence, find the solve the equation x = sin 2 1 x. number of solutions for the equation x = sin 2
(d) Sketch the graph of y = sin
x for 0o x 2 360o. Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions to the x equation 2 sin + = 2x for 0o x 360o. 2
(e) Sketch the graph of y = 2 sin
2 x for 0 x 2. 3 Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions to the equation 2 x + x 2 = 0 for 0 x 2. State the 2 sin 3 equation of the straight line and the number of solutions.
(f) Sketch the graph of y = 2 sin
(g) Sketch the graph of y = 2 sin 2x for 0 x 2.

(h) On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y = 2 + sin

Form 5
Determine the equation to be drawn to solve the equation 2 sin 2x = 2x . Draw the straight line and hence, determine the number of solutions.
x for 0 x 2. Hence, state the 2 number of solutions 2 sin x x = 0.
x and y = 2 +
2. Graphs of Cosine Solve the following problems. (a) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cos x 1for 0 x 2.
Using the same axes, draw a straight line y =
x
Hence, determine the number of solutions to the x equation 2 cos x = 1 for 0 x 2.
2.
(b) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cos 2 x for 0 x 2. x Using the same axes, draw a straight line y = 2. Hence, determine the number of solutions to the x equation cos 2x = 1 for 0 x 2. 2
(c) Sketch the graph of y = |2 cos x| 1 for 0 x 2. Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight to find the number of solutions to the equation 3|2 cos x| 4x = 0 for 0 x 2.
(d) Sketch the graph of y = 1|2 cos x| for for 0o x 360o. Hence, using the same axes, draw horizontal straight line that intersects the curve y = 1|2 cos x| at exactly two points. State the equation of the straight line drawn.
(e) Sketch the graph of y = 3cos x for 0 x 2. Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight to find the number of solutions to the equation cos 1 x= for 0 x 2. 2
3 x 1 for 0 x 2 2. Using the same axes, find the equation of the 3 x= straight line that can solve the equation 2 cos 2 x 1. Hence, find the number of solutions for this
(f) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cos
question.
Trigonometric Functions 19 Prepared by: Gan K. S.
Form 5
3. Graphs of Tangent Solve the following problems.

(a) Sketch the graph of y = tan x for 0 x 2. Using the graph, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of solutions to the equations tan x + x = 0 for 0 x 2. (b) On the same axes, sketch the graphs of x y = 4 tan 2 x and y = 4 + 1 for 0 x 2. Hence, determine the number of solutions to the x equation tan 2 x = + 1 .
(c) Sketch the graph of y = tan x for 0 x 2. Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight find the number of solutions to the equation 2 x sin x sin x cos 2 x + = 0 for 0 x 2. cos x cos 3 x
(e) Sketch the graph of y = | tan 2x | and hence determine the number of solutions that the equation | tan 2x | = 3 for the domain 0 x . Deduce the number of solutions of the equation | tan 2x | = 3 in the domain 0 x 2.
20
Form 5
ANSWERS 5.2.1 5. cos 51= 0.6293 6. sin 70= 0.9397 7. tan 25= 0.4663 5.2.4 2a. 0 2 720 , 54.33 = 27.17, 62.83, 207.17, 242.83 b. 0 3 1080 , 12.01 = 56, 64, 176, 184, 296, 304 c. 0 180 , 64 2 = 232 d. = 40, 120 e. = 5, 275 f. = 30, 210 g. = 80, 320 h. = 62.83, 152.83, 242.83, 332.83 3(a)
1 1 p
2
5.(a)
15 17
(b) (c)
1 p
p 1 p2
1 p2 p
1p2
15 8 17 (c) 15
(b)
5.2.2 7. sin 48 = 0.7431 8. tan 67 = 2.3559 9. cosec 37 = 1.6617 5.2.3 2a. tan 300 = 3 b. cos 150 = 3 2 1 2
(d) (e) (f) p (g) (h)
(d) (e) (f) (g)
17 8 15 17 8 15
15 17
1 p
1 1 p
2
8 (h) 17
c. sec 135 =
i. = 30, 90, 210, 270
(i)
1 p2 p
21
Form 5
5.2.4 1a.70 , Quadrant I, IV = 70, 290 b. 0 360 , 50 , Quadrant I, IV = 30, 330 c. 0 360 , 40 , Quadrant II, III = 140, 220 d. 0 360 , 70 Quadrant III, IV = 250, 290 e. 0 360 , 20.01 Quadrant II, IV = 159.99, 339.99 f. 0 360 , 34 Quadrant II, IV = 146, 326 g. 0 360 , 27 Quadrant III, IV = 207, 333
j. = 70, 110
(j)
p 1 p2
k. = 145, 215 m. = 60, 180, 300
(k) -p
(l)
1p2
n. = 120, 180, 240 o. = 30, 150
4.(a)
15 17 8 15
17 8
(b)
p. = 0, 45, 225 q. = 90, 199.47, 350.53
(c)
(d)
17 15 8 17 15 17 8 17 8 15
(e) (f) (g) (h)
22

Trigo Functions

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Trigo Functions

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Additional Mathematics

CHAPTER 5: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

2 radian = 360 radian = 180

Quadrant Quadrant III IV 270

Quadrant 1 Example 215

Quadrant III Example 395

Quadrant III Example 45

sin = cos = tan =

Opposite Hypotenuse Adjacent cos = Hypotenuse Opposite tan = Adjacent

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

(c) in quadrant III

Sin Cos Tan

Reference angle = 215 = 35

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

3. Definition of cotangent , secant and cosecant .

1 = cosec sin 1 = sec cos 1 = cot tan

y sin = r x cos = r y tan = x

x r y cos ( 90 ) = r x tan ( 90 ) = y sin ( 90 ) =

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

Find values of six trigonometric functions of any angle

1. Complete the table below. 1 2 60 2 30 1 2 45 60 2 60

sin cos tan

cos ( ) = cos 1 2 1 sin ( ) = sin tan ( ) = tan

a. Evaluate tan 300 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative

Find reference angle

c. Evaluate sec 135 Draw diagram to determine positive or negative

Find reference angle

Find reference angle

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

Solve trigonometric equations

a. cos = 0.3420 0 360

Quadrant I Actual angles = 40 , = 40 , 140

b. tan = 1.192 Range : Reference angle : Quadrant y:

Quadrant ___ Actual angles

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

d. sin = 0.9397 Range : Reference angle : Quadranty:

Quadrant ___ Actual angles

f. cot = 1.4826 Range : Reference angle : Quadranty:

Quadrant ___ Actual angles

d. sin ( + 10) = 0.7660

e. cos ( + 40) = 0.7071

g. cos ( 20) = 0.5

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

h. tan (2 10) = 2.082

i. sin (2 30) = 0.5

m. 2sin x cos x = sin x

x = 30, 150 x = 30, 90, 150, 270 n. 2 cos 2 + 3 cos = 1

(e) sin ( 900- x) =

(f) cos (900- x) =

(g) sec (900- x) =

(h) cosec (900 x) =

(i) tan ( 90o - x) =

(j) cot ( 90o x ) =

Prepared by: Gan K. S.

(l) cos (-x) =

(e) cos (900 x) =

(e) sec (900 x) =

(f) sin ( 900 x ) =

(f) cot ( 900 x ) =

(g) sin (-x) =

(g) sin (-x) =

(h) tan (-x) =