Annex E: main physical quantities

Annex E: main physical quantities

Annex E: Main physical quantities and electrotechnical formulas

Indipendences in series Z = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Admittances in series 1 Y= 1 1 1 + + + Y1 Y2 Y3 Indipendences in parallel Z= 1 1 1 1 + + + Z1 Z2 Z3
Z1 Z2 Z3 Z1 Z2 Z3

Annex E: Main physical quantities and electrotechnical formulas

Transformers
Two-winding transformer rated current
Ir = Sk = Ik = ZT = RT = XT = Sr 3 Ur Sr uk% Sk 3 Ur uk% 100 pk% 100

Y1

Y2

Y3

short-circuit power short-circuit current longitudinal impedance longitudinal resistance longitudinal reactance

100 = Ir 100 uk% Sr u% U2r = k 100 3 I2r Sr U2r Sr p% = k 100 3 I2r Sr

2 2 RT ZT

Admittances in parallel Y = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 +

Y1

Y2

Y3

Three-winding transformer 1
Z1

Delta-star and star-delta transformations 1

3 2 Z12 = u12 100 u13 100 u23 100 Ur2 Sr12 Ur2 Sr13 Ur2 Sr23 Z1 = 1 2 1 2 1 2 (Z12 + Z13 Z23) Z3 Z2

Z1 Z13 Z3 0 Z2
Z13 =

Z12

Z2 =

(Z12 + Z23 Z13)

3 Z23 Y Z12 = Z1 + Z2 + Y Z1 Z2 Z3 Z2 Z3 Z1 Z3 Z1 Z2

2
Z23 = Z3 = (Z13 + Z23 Z12)

Z1 =

Z12 Z13 Z12 + Z13 + Z23 Z12 Z23 Z12 + Z13 + Z23 Z23 Z13 Z12 + Z13 + Z23

Z23 = Z2 + Z3 +

Z2 = Z3 =

Z13 = Z3 + Z1 +

234

ABB SACE - Electrical devices

ABB SACE - Electrical devices

235

Annex E: main physical quantities

Annex E: Main physical quantities and electrotechnical formulas

Voltage drop and power
single-phase voltage drop percentage voltage drop active power reactive power apparent power power factor power loss U = 2 I (r cos x sin) u = U Ur 100 three-phase U = 3 I (r cos x sin) u = U Ur 100 continuous U = 2 I r u = U Ur 100

P = U I cos Q = U I sin S=UI= P +Q cos = P S

2 2

P = 3 U I cos Q = 3 U I sin S= 3UI= P +Q cos = P S

2 2

P= UI P = 2 r I2

P = 2 r I2

P = 3 r I2

Caption
20 resistivity at 20 C total length of conductor S cross section of conductor 20 temperature coefficient of conductor at 20 C temperature of conductor resistivity against the conductor temperature angular frequency f frequency r resistance of conductor per length unit x reactance of conductor per length unit uk% short-circuit percentage voltage of the transformer Sr rated apparent power of the transformer Ur rated voltage of the transformer pk% percentage impedance losses of the transformer under short-circuit conditions

Due to possible developments of standards as well as of materials, the characteristics and dimensions specified in this document may only be considered binding after confirmation by ABB SACE.

1SDC010001D0202 Printed in Italy

02/04