AvestaPolarit Welding

Covered electrodes

Features Consumables for welding stainless steels and nickel-based alloys Electrodes for optimum corrosion properties Electrodes for all types of position welding Easy and flexible welding methods Product range AvestaPolarit Welding supplies covered electrodes for welding all of the more common ferritic, martensitic, duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as nickel-based alloys. The product range also encompasses electrodes for dissimilar welds between, for example, stainless steel and mild steel, or stainless steel and nickel-based alloys. All electrodes are available manufactured to the requirements set forth by the nuclear power industry in ASME code section III and KTA 1408. General characteristics AvestaPolarit Welding electrodes are produced in three groups AC/DC, basic and rutile and with different coatings in the AC/DC group to ensure the optimum result for each application. AC/DC electrodes have a rutile-acid coating, designed for general all-round horizontal welding but can also be used for position welding. All AC/DC electrodes can be welded using direct current, positive polarity or alternating current. Basic electrodes offer improved mechanical properties and superior weld penetration. Welding should be performed using direct current, positive polarity. The rutile electrode is a predecessor to the rutile-acid (AC/DC) coating, offering a somewhat better weld penetration than the AC/DC type. Some of the AC/DC electrodes are produced with special coatings for various purposes. The designations indicate their fields of application. HX is a rutile-acid, high-recovery electrode for high deposit welding. The metal recovery is up to 150%. PW electrodes have a rutile-acid coating specially designed for position welding. PWX electrodes have an extra thin rutile-acid coating for pipe welding in all positions. VDX is a rutile-acid electrode for vertical down position welding.

Electrode types and designations

Electrode type EN 1600 Martensitic Austenitic AvestaPolarit Welding designations 739 S, 248 SV 308L/MVR, 308/308H, 308L-LF, 347/MVNb, 316L/SKR, 318/SKNb, 317L/SNR, SLR 453 S, 2304, 2205, 2507/P100 P6, 254 SFER, SKR-NF, SLR-NF, 904L, 383, P12-R, P625, P16, P54 307, 309L, P5, P7, P9, P10 309, 310, 253 MA, 253 MA-NF, 353 MA

Austenitic-ferritic Fully austenitic

Special types Heat resisting

AvestaPolarit Welding can also supply electrodes with a coating or chemical composition specially designed to meet individual customer requirements.

Covered electrodes

Weld metal composition

Electrode 739 S 248 SV 308L/MVR 308L/MVR-HX 308L/MVR-PW MVR-PWX 308L/MVR-VDX 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308/308H 308L 308L-LF 347/MVNb 347/MVNb 316L/SKR 316L/SKR-HX 316L/SKR-PW SKR-PWX 316L/SKR-VDX 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316/316H 316L 318/SKNb 318/SKNb 317L/SNR SLR 453 S 2304 2205 2205-HX 2205-PW 2205-VDX 2205 2507/P100 P6 254 SFER SKR-NF SLR-NF 904L 904L-PW 383 P12-R P625 P16 P54 307 309L 309L P5 P5-HX P5-PW P5-PWX P5-VDX P5 P5 P7 P7-PW P9 P10 309 310 310 253 MA 253 MA-NF 353 MA Type of coating Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC Rutile AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile Basic Rutile Rutile Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Basic Basic Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic Chemical composition, typical values, % C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.7 2.3 3.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.3 5.5 4.5 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.6 4.0 1.0 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 6.5 1.0 2.1 2.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 13.5 16.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.5 19.5 19.5 18.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.5 18.5 19.0 19.0 18.5 18.5 18.5 19.0 18.0 26.0 24.5 23.0 22.5 23.0 22.5 23.0 25.5 18.5 25.5 18.5 19.0 20.5 20.0 27.0 21.5 21.5 25.0 25.5 20.0 24.0 24.0 22.5 22.0 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 29.0 28.5 20.0 16.0 24.0 26.0 25.5 22.0 19.0 27.5 1.0 5.5 10.5 10.5 10.0 10.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.5 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.5 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 5.5 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.0 17.0 22.5 15.5 18.0 25.0 24.5 32.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.7 4.0 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.6 2.7 2.4 2.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 3.7 N N N N N N N N 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.23 Nb >10xC** Nb >10xC** Nb >10xC** Nb >10xC** 1.0 1.2 Other N 0.12 N 0.12 Ferrite* typical 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 0 FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN

Standard designations
EN 1600 E E E E E E E E E E 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 LR LR LR LR LR LB LR R LR LR AWS A5.4/A5.11 E308L-17 E308L-17 E308L-17 E308L-17 E308L-15 E308L-16 E308H-17 E308L-17 E308L-15 E347-17 E347-15 E316L-17 E316L-17 E316L-17 E316L-17 E316L-15 E316L-16 E316H-17 E316L-17 E318-17 E318-15 E317L-17 E2209-17 E2209-17 E2209-17 E2209-17 E2209-15 E385-17 E383-17 ENiCrMo-12 ENiCrMo-3 18 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 29 29 9 Mn Mo R 12 L R 12 L B 12 2 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L R 12 2 L B 12 2 L R 9R 9R E307-17 E309L-17 E309L-15 E309MoL-17 E309MoL-17 E309MoL-17 E309MoL-15 E309MoL-16 (E312-17) (E312-17) ENiCrFe-3 E309-17 E310-17 E310-15 ** max. 1.0% Nb.

10 FN 5 FN 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 10 FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN

E 19 9 Nb R E 19 9 Nb B E E E E E E E E E 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 LR LR LR LR LR LB LR R LR

10 FN 5 FN 10 FN 10 FN 70 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 40 40 20 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN

E 19 12 3 Nb R E 19 12 3 Nb B E 19 13 4 N L R E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

22 22 22 22 22 25 25 18 18 20 20 27

9 9 9 9 9 9

3 3 3 3 3 4

NLR NLR NLR NLR NLB NLR NLR LR NLR Cu N L R Cu N L R Cu L R

N 0.17 N 0.16 N 0.18 N 0.13 Cu 1.5 Cu 1.5 Cu 1.0 Nb 2.2 Fe 2 Nb 3.5 Fe 1.5 N 0.35

22 15 16 25 25 31

2 3 5 5 5 4

Bal. 9.5 Bal. 9.5 Bal. 15.0 25.5 5.0 10.5 13.5 13.0 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.0 13.5 9.5 10.0 9.5 Bal. 13.5 21.0 21.0 10.5 10.0 33.0 0.8

2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

3.3 Nb 1.8 Fe 5

N 0.18 REM N 0.16 REM REM

E 25 20 R E 25 20 B

* Ferrite content measured in all weld metal. FN 018 acc. to Schaeffler-DeLong, FN >18 acc. to WRC-92.

Covered electrodes

Mechanical properties, all weld metal, typical values

Electrode 739 S 248 SV 308L/MVR 308L/MVR-HX 308L/MVR-PW MVR-PWX 308L/MVR-VDX 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308/308H 308L 308L-LF 347/MVNb 347/MVNb 316L/SKR 316L/SKR-HX 316L/SKR-PW SKR-PWX 316L/SKR-VDX 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316/316H 316L 318/SKNb 318/SKNb 317L/SNR SLR 453 S 2304 2205 2205-HX 2205-PW 2205-VDX 2205 2507/P100 P6 254 SFER SKR-NF SLR-NF 904L 904L-PW 383 P12-R P625 P16 P54 307 309L 309L P5 P5-HX P5-PW P5-PWX P5-VDX P5 P5 P7 P7-PW P9 P10 309 310 310 253 MA 253 MA-NF 353 MA Type of coating Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC Rutile AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile Basic Rutile Rutile Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Basic Basic Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rutile AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic AC/DC AC/DC Basic Rp0.2 N/mm2 630 530 440 395 430 350 450 420 430 450 450 420 465 495 445 420 455 480 480 430 470 470 445 470 480 485 490 510 640 620 640 635 670 635 695 460 440 470 450 400 400 410 465 440 495 550 465 440 440 480 450 525 480 545 465 510 620 710 605 380 435 430 415 535 470 385 Rm N/mm2 865 815 580 550 580 550 600 560 590 605 580 560 615 655 590 575 590 640 630 565 570 615 590 605 620 615 635 740 780 810 825 830 860 820 895 665 660 660 640 565 600 620 705 725 740 650 605 580 570 600 625 660 635 685 615 620 810 840 760 630 580 625 590 725 630 565 Elong. A5 % 11 38 38 41 39 35 35 38 40 37 37 39 36 30 36 37 36 27 30 34 34 35 36 32 31 31 31 20 23 25 33 24 25 26 27 31 37 33 32 34 30 33 37 29 35 20 35 46 29 30 30 31 25 29 30 32 16 15 26 39 30 35 34 37 35 33 Impact strength KV, J +20C 40C 196C 10 115 60 65 60 40 55 70 60 55 60 85 55 80 55 55 60 70 50 70 75 50 55 50 75 40 40 30 40 45 55 50 35 80 80 75 60 75 45 60 70 55 80 80 50 55 45 50 50 30 35 25 30 40 50 50 25 20 45 115 45 80 100 60 60 85 55 55 50 40 55 50 40 30 45 60 55 55 60 50 35 50 60 35 45 60 30 25 35 40 40 25 55 55 65 80 40 45 45 35 25 20 30 Hardness Brinell 255 260 200 210 210 280 210 200 200 210 200 200 225 255 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 220 220 210 225 240 260 240 240 240 240 240 250 210 200 195 225 200 200 200 220 220 220 220 200 210 210 220 220 225 225 225 230 220 270 260 250 180 210 190 190 215 210 200

Approvals
TV DNV Lloyds CWB Others*

x x

x x

x x x x

x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x

25

x x x x x x x

x x x

x x x

x x

x x

x x x x

x x x x x x x

50

x x

x x x

x x

x x x x x x x x

x x

x x

80 35

x x x x x

* See catalogue Covered electrodes for details.

Covered electrodes

For welding the following steels

EN 1.4000 1.4418 1.4307 1.4311 1.4301 1.4306 1.4541 1.4550 1.4432 1.4429 1.4436 1.4435 1.4404 1.4406 1.4401 1.4571 1.4438 1.4439 1.4460 1.4362 1.4462 1.4410 1.4429 1.4466 1.4435 1.4439 ASTM 410S 304L 304LN 304 304L 321 347 316L 316LN 316 316L 316L 316LN 316 316Ti 317L S31726 329 S32304 S31803 S32750 316LN S31050 316L S31726 AvestaPolarit steel grade 410S 248 SV 18-8L 18-8LN 18-8 19-11L 18-10Ti 18-10Nb 17-12-2.5L 17-12-2.5LN SKR-4 17-12-2.5 17-10-2L 17-10-2LN 17-10-2 17-11-2Ti 18-14-3L 17-14-4LN 25-5-1L SAF 2304 2205 SAF 2507 17-12-2.5LN 725LN 724L 17-14-4LN Recommended electrode type 739 S 248 SV 308/308L/MVR

347/MVNb

316/316L/SKR

318/SKNb 317L/SNR SLR 453S 2304 2205 2507/P100 P6 254 SFER SKR-NF SLR-NF 904L

1.4539 N08904 904L Also for welding similar steels of the 20-25 CrNiMoCu type. N08028 383 SMO 1.4547 S31254 254 Also for welding Ni-based alloys to stainless or unalloyed steel and for surfacing. 2.4856 N06625 Also for welding Ni-based alloys to stainless or unalloyed steel and for surfacing. 1.4652 1.4547 1.4652 S32654 S31254 S32654 654 SMO 254 654 SMO SMO

383 P12-R

P625

P16 P54 307 309L P5 P7 P9 P10 309 253 MA-NF 310 253 MA 353 MA

For surfacing unalloyed steel, joint welding stainless steel to unalloyed steel and for welding clad materials. For difficult-to-weld steels (Mn-steel, tool steel, high temperature steel). Also for welding stainless steel to unalloyed steel. Inconel 600; 9% Ni-steels. Also for welding Ni-based alloys to stainless or unalloyed steel and for surfacing. For welding steels for moderately high temperature applications. For welding steels for high temperature applications.

For more detailed information, see Applications on pages 6 and 7. SAF 2304 and SAF 2507 are produced under licence from AB Sandvik Steel.

Covered electrodes

Dimensions and packaging data

Coating Diameter and length, mm 1.60 AC/DC HX PW VDX, PWX Basic Rutile 250 250 250 250 250300 250 250 250 2.00 250300 2.50 300350 350 300 300 300 300 3.25 350 350400 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 4.00 350450 450 350 5.00 350450 450 350

AvestaPolarit Welding supplies covered electrodes safely packed in moisture-resistant plastic capsules, packed in cardboard boxes. Vacuum-packed capsules are also available. Most AvestaPolarit Welding covered electrodes are available in the full range of diameters given in the table above. The electrodes are produced in different lengths, depending on the grade. Please check with your local distributor for details and availability.

Quality assurance and marking AvestaPolarit Welding covered electrodes are supplied with a 3.1.B certificate, showing the actual chemical composition of each lot. Each electrode is stamped with the brand name, lot number and designation, where applicable. Each capsule is marked with the AvestaPolarit Welding brand name, lot number, standard designation, welding parameter recommendations and warning text.

Electrode care Due to the special composition of their coating, AvestaPolarit Welding electrodes are very resistant to moisture absorption. Furthermore, they are delivered in sealed packages, which ensure protection against moisture pick-up. Nevertheless, electrodes should preferably be stored in a warm storage room with low relative humidity to minimise the risk of moisture pick-up, as this may cause pore formation in the weld metal. For this reason, an opened packet should be resealed when welding is interrupted for a prolonged period. Electrodes even slightly affected by moisture should be carefully dried for 3 hours at 250280C. Both heating and cooling should be carried out slowly.

Additional information Further information on AvestaPolarit Welding products can be found in printed matter, such as Welding Handbook Covered electrodes (catalogue) How to weld... (series of brochures covering AvestaPolarit special grades) and on our web site www.avestapolarit.com/welding

AvestaPolarit Welding

AvestaPolarit Welding has been ISO 9002 approved since 1991. Certificate No. FM 20031

Covered electrodes

Applications

739S Ferritic-martensitic electrode suitable for welding stainless steel castings of corresponding composition and for surfacing. 248 SV For welding austenitic-ferritic-martensitic components in applications demanding high wear resistance and high strength. 308L/MVR Low carbon 19/9 type electrode with excellent general corrosion resistance, for welding ASTM 304/304L. The MVR-PWX electrode has been specially developed for pipe welding. 308/308H High carbon 19/9 type electrode with enhanced creep resistance for welding ASTM 304. 308L-LF Fully austenitic 19/9 electrode designed for low temperature applications. 347/MVNb Nb-stabilised 19/9 type electrode for welding Nb and Ti-stabilised steels of the ASTM 321 type. This electrode offers better creep resistance than other 19/9 type electrodes in environments where service temperatures exceed 400C. 316L/SKR Low carbon 18/13/3 type electrode alloyed with Mo for higher corrosion resistance than 308L/MVR. This electrode is used for welding ASTM 316/316L. The SKR-PWX electrode has been specially developed for pipe welding. 316/316H High carbon type 18/13/3 electrode with enhanced creep resistance for welding ASTM 316. 318/SKNb Nb-stabilised 18/13/3 type electrode for welding Nb and Ti-stabilised steel of the 316Ti type. It offers slightly better creep resistance than other 18/13/3L type electrodes where service temperatures exceed 400C. 317L/SNR This electrode produces a 19/14/4L weld metal with high corrosion resistance in acid and chlorine containing environments. SLR Electrode with similar characteristics to 317L/SNR but with a 1% higher Mo content for enhanced corrosion resistance properties.
6

453 S Ferritic-austenitic electrode for welding ASTM 329. 2304 Specially designed for welding SAF 2304, e.g. in nitric acid environments. 2205 Ferritic-austenitic (duplex) electrode with very high proof and tensile strength as well as excellent resistance to pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. 2507/P100 Specially designed electrode for welding SAF 2507 and similar super duplex grades. P6 High alloyed fully austenitic electrode with high resistance to hot cracking. Approved by Snamprogetti. 254 SFER Highly alloyed fully austenitic electrode with good austenite stability and excellent corrosion resistance, e.g. in urea plants. SKR-NF Fully austenitic 18/13/3L electrode designed for low temperature (cryogenic) applications and with excellent resistance to selective corrosion, e.g. in urea services. SLR-NF Fully austenitic electrode with properties similar to SLR. 904L Fully austenitic electrode with excellent corrosion resistance in non-oxidising solutions such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids. 383 Fully austenitic electrode for welding steels such as ASTM N08028. This electrode provides excellent corrosion resistance in sulphuric and phosphoric acid. P12-R Nickel-based electrode for welding nickel alloys, surfacing mild steel and welding 6Mo-steels such as AvestaPolarit 254 SMO. Extremely good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. P625 Nickel-based electrode corresponding to alloy 625. Suitable for high temperature applications. P16 Nickel-based electrode specially designed for welding 7Mo-steels such as AvestaPolarit 654 SMO for use in extremely demanding corrosive environments. P54 Iron-based electrode for welding AvestaPolarit 254 SMO and AvestaPolarit 654 SMO exposed to highly oxidising environments.

Covered electrodes

307 Fully austenitic Mn-alloyed 18-8 electrode for welding dissimilar steels, such as stainless steels to carbon, low alloyed or Mn-steels. 309L Highly alloyed 23/13L electrode suitable for reliable, crack-resistant welds between mild steel and stainless steels of the ASTM 304/304L type. Also for surfacing, producing a 304 type deposit from the very first layer. P5 Highly alloyed 23/13/3L electrode suitable for reliable, crack-resistant welds between mild steel and stainless steels of the ASTM 316/316L type. Also for surfacing, producing a 316 type deposit from the very first layer. P7 312 type electrode producing a high strength austenitic-ferritic weld metal with high resistance to cracking. Suitable for welding dissimilar steels, such as stainless steels to carbon, low alloyed or Mn-steels. Also offers good resistance to sulphur-containing gases. P9 Specially designed electrode for difficult-to-weld steels such as high Mn-alloyed steels, castings and tool steels. P10 Specially designed electrode producing a highly crack-resistant weld metal for welding heat-resistant nickel-based alloys or dissimilar steels, such as mild steel to stainless or nickel-based to stainless steels. Welding recommendations
Electrode type AC/DC Diameter mm 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0 2.0 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0 Voltage V 26 26 26 26 26 26 24 24 24 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 22 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 27 27 27 27 24 24 24 24 24 24

309 High carbon 23/13 electrode for welding steels of the 309S type for use in moderately high temperature applications. 310 Fully austenitic electrode of the 26/20 type for welding steels of the ASTM 310S type for use in high temperature applications. 253 MA Specially designed electrode for welding high temperature steels such as AvestaPolarit 253 MA. Possesses even better high-temperature properties than ASTM 310S. 253 MA-NF Non-ferritic 253 MA electrode with extremely good impact strength values even when exposed to temperatures between 750C and 950C. 353 MA Fully austenitic electrode, specially designed for welding high temperature steels such as AvestaPolarit 353 MA.

Horizontal (PA) Current, A 30 35 50 80 100 160 35 50 70 100 140 30 35 50 70 100 140 50 60 80 120 160 220 55 75 100 140 190 40 55 75 110 150 190

Vertical up (PF) Current, A 30 35 50 80 40 50 60 95

Overhead (PE) Current, A 35 40 60 95 45 50 70 105

Basic *

35 50 70 100

40 60 80 115

35 55 90 125

45 65 100 135

Rutile

30 35 50 70 100

35 40 60 80 120

30 40 60 95 120

40 50 70 105 135

* For nickel-based electrodes type Avesta P10, P12 and P16, a slightly lower current should be used.

Values shown are typical values. For more precise information contact your local distributor or AvestaPolarit Welding AB.

Covered electrodes

Models for ferrite prediction The ferrite content of a weldment can be described in several different ways. It can be measured according to ASTM E562, but this method is time consuming and expensive. The ferrite value is therefore normally measured by a magnetic method, e.g. Magne-Gage or ferritescope or calculated in terms of the weld metal composition. Nowadays, this latter approach is often

preferred, using either the Schaeffler-DeLong method or WRC-92 diagrams. The ferrite content is given as a ferrite number, FN. The relationship between the percentage and ferrite number according to Schaeffler-DeLong correlate well up to 18 FN. Above this level, values should be given according to the WRC-92.

Nickel equivalent = % Ni + 0.5 x % Mn + 30 x % C +30 x % N

P10 P12 P16 353 MA 30 254 SFER 904L

0 2 FN FN FN

A=AUSTENITE
25

P6

310

SKR-NF

20

M+A
316L/SKR 15

253 MA SLR SKNb 308L/MVR 347/MVNb 248 SV P5

A+F
2507/P100 P7 2205

2304

40

F
453 S

10 Information 272001GB; supersedes inf. 9816. Teknisk information / Stilbildarna / Graphium Vstra Aros 2001

M=MARTENSITE
739 S 5

M+A+F

100

F + M
5 10

M+F

F=FERRITE

15

20

25

30

Chromium equivalent = % Cr + % Mo + 1.5 x % Si +0.5 x % Nb

Information given in this brochure may be subject to alteration without notice. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate but AvestaPolarit AB and its subsidiary companies do not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods of working are for information only and the company and its subsidiaries accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability. If further assistance is required, the company, which has extensive research facilities, will often be able to help.

AvestaPolarit Welding AB P.O. Box 501, SE-774 27 Avesta, Sweden Tel.: +46 (0)226 815 00 Fax: +46 (0)226 815 75 www.avestapolarit.com/welding

12

FN

%F