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  • 27 Gaussian Beams

    Diunggah oleh

    Serge Mandhev Swamotz
    38 tayangan21 halaman
    This document discusses Gaussian beams, which are solutions to the paraxial Helmholtz equation. A Gaussian beam has an electric field amplitude that is proportional to a Gaussian function, giving it the name. Key properties include the beam waist W0, where the beam radius is smallest, and the Rayleigh range z0, which defines the distance over which the beam remains relatively collimated. The intensity of a Gaussian beam follows a Gaussian profile and decreases with distance from the beam axis. The beam's power is constant with distance. Gaussian beams provide an accurate approximation of laser beams used in many applications.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    electric beam

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    This document discusses Gaussian beams, which are solutions to the paraxial Helmholtz equation. A Gaussian beam has an electric field amplitude that is proportional to a Gaussian function, giving it the name. Key properties include the beam waist W0, where the beam radius is smallest, and the Rayleigh range z0, which defines the distance over which the beam remains relatively collimated. The intensity of a Gaussian beam follows a Gaussian profile and decreases with distance from the beam axis. The beam's power is constant with distance. Gaussian beams provide an accurate approximation of laser beams used in many applications.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    38 tayangan21 halaman

    27 Gaussian Beams

    Diunggah oleh

    Serge Mandhev Swamotz
    This document discusses Gaussian beams, which are solutions to the paraxial Helmholtz equation. A Gaussian beam has an electric field amplitude that is proportional to a Gaussian function, giving it the name. Key properties include the beam waist W0, where the beam radius is smallest, and the Rayleigh range z0, which defines the distance over which the beam remains relatively collimated. The intensity of a Gaussian beam follows a Gaussian profile and decreases with distance from the beam axis. The beam's power is constant with distance. Gaussian beams provide an accurate approximation of laser beams used in many applications.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 21

    27. 27.

    Gaussian Gaussian Beam Beam

    Gaussian beam

    : Gaussian function

    How to determine - Beam size W at z - beam waist - beam radius - divergence angle

    Now, lets start with the wave equation in free-space


    Wave Equation

    ( wavenumber )

    : Helmholtz equation
    The wave equation for monochromatic waves

    Paraxial Paraxial Helmholtz Helmholtz equation equation


    : Helmholtz equation : Consider a plane wave propagating in z-direction
    : Slowly varying approximation

    2 2 2 T 2 + 2 x y
    Slowly varying envelope approximation of the Helmholtz equation Paraxial Helmholtz equation.

    A paraxial wave is a plane wave e-jkz modulated


    by a complex envelope A(r) that is a slowly varying function of position:

    The complex envelope A(r) must satisfy the paraxial Helmholtz equation

    One simple solution to the paraxial Helmholtz equation : paraboloidal waves

    Another solution of the paraxial Helmholtz equation : Gaussian beams

    Gaussian Gaussian beam beam

    where, W0 : beam waist z0 : Rayleigh range

    Gaussian beam

    2 = z W0 0

    Gaussian Gaussian beam beam

    Intensity Intensity of of Gaussian Gaussian beam beam

    The intensity is a Gaussian function of the radial distance . This is why the wave is called a Gaussian beam. On the beam axis ( = 0)

    At z = z0 , I = Io/2

    Gaussian Gaussian beam beam :: Power Power

    The result is independent of z, as expected. The beam power is one-half the peak intensity times the beam area.

    The ratio of the power carried within a circle of radius in the transverse plane at position z to the total power is

    Power ratio clipped by aperture

    ( 0 = a )

    Beam Beam radius radius


    At the Beam waist : Waist radius = W0 Spot size = 2W0

    (far-field)

    (divergence angle)

    Depth Depth of of Focus Focus


    The axial distance within which the beam radius lies within a factor root(2) of its minimum value (i.e., its area lies within a factor of 2 of its minimum) is known as the depth of focus or confocal parameter

    beam area at waist

    A small spot size and a long depth of focus cannot be obtained simultaneously !

    Depth of focus, Rayleigh range, and Beam waist

    Gaussian Gaussian parameters parameters :: Relationships Relationships between between parameters parameters

    Phase Phase of of the the Gaussian Gaussian beam beam


    kz : the phase of a plane wave. : a phase retardation ranging from - /2 to - /2 . : This phase retardation corresponds to an excess delay of the wavefront in comparison with a plane wave or a spherical wave

    The total accumulated excess retardation as the wave travels from

    Guoy effect

    Wavefront Wavefront -- bending bending

    Wavefronts (= surfaces of constant phase) :

    Wavefronts Wavefronts near near the the focus focus

    Wave fronts:
    /2 phase shift relative to spherical wave

    TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSIONTHROUGH THROUGHOPTICAL OPTICALCOMPONENTS COMPONENTS


    A. Transmission Through a Thin Lens

    Gaussian beam relaying

    Gaussian beam Focusing


    If a lens is placed at the waist of a Gaussian beam,

    If (2 z0 ) >> f ,

    Other Beams Other Beams higher order beams


    higher order beams

    Hermite-Gaussian

    Bessel Beams

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