A REPORT ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING AT

SUBMITTED BY SAYANTAN CHAKRABORTY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY KOLKATA- 700 032

VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

name of the project name of the client

: UNIWORLD CITY RAJARHAT, KOLKATA : BENGAL UNITECH UNIVERSAL INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.

name of the company : SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LIMITED. training period name of the student college roll number name of the college : 14th MAY 2012- 14th JUNE 2012 : SAYANTAN CHAKRABORTY : 000910401065 : FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY address : JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

INDEX
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................04

Preface.....................................................................................................................05

Introduction.............................................................................................................06

Area statement.........................................................................................................07

Materials used.........................................................................................................08

Contract management.............................................................................................10

Safety......................................................................................................................18

Execution................................................................................................................26

Quantity survey.......................................................................................................31
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 Quality control........................................................................................................37

Planning..................................................................................................................45

Electrical department..............................................................................................48

Mechanical department...........................................................................................53

Store........................................................................................................................58

Conclusion...............................................................................................................59

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I would like to thank Mr. S. K. Maiti (Sr.Vice-President, Simplex Infrastructures Ltd.) for accepting our training and keeping our request. I would like to show my greatest appreciation to Mr. Sanjay Chakrobarty (Project incharge) and Mr. Ahindra Chowdhary (Manager). I wish my gratitude to him for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged after working under his sheer guidance and without whom this project would not have materialized. My special thanks to Miss. Jayashree Kar (Engineer, Planning) and Mr. Santibrata Samanta (Engineer, Quality) for their day-to-day motivation, suggestions and detailing about the various operations at site. I would also like to acknowledge and extend my heartiest gratitude to the following persons who have made the completion of this project possible: Mr. G Mukherjee Mr. P Biswas Mr. D Chakrobarty Mr. Partho Kole Mr. Bidyut Ghosh Mr. Ranjit Pal Mr. Abhra Chaudhuri Mr. Atish Srimani Miss Jayashree Kar Mr. Santibrata Samanta Mr. P Ghorui (Manager, Accounts) (Engineer, Safety) (Sr. Engineer, construction) (Sr. Engineer, construction) (Sr. Engineer, construction) (Plant Engineer) (Officer, Accounts) (Engineer) (Engineer, Planning) (Engineer, Quality) ( Engineer)

I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed to this project, was vital for the success of the project.

PREFACE
The construction as well as the real estate business, is booming, at present in Kolkata, West Bengal. Major construction companies and builders have taken great strides in setting up of multi- storied buildings and mega housing complexes etc. with lots of amenities and facilities in the New Town, Rajarhat area. This business is becoming much more lucrative than before. Experienced Civil Engineers are key persons in any construction site. So in order to be well versed and knowledgeable in the construction field as well as to acquire site experience, training at site becomes very important. As a Civil Engineering student, in JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY, It was important for me to get familiar with all sorts of acquaintance of construction line. So getting a Vocational Training at this stage would be better for my development and as such I applied to Simplex Infrastructures Ltd. and was lucky enough to get an opportunity to complete my Vocational Training under this esteemed organization. Under Bengal Unitech Project; named UNIWORLD CITY the structures are constructed over 100 acres out of which PHASE 4 consisting of 10 Towers with basement occupying 135802 sq m and PHASE 2A consisting of 5 TOWERS and basement occupying 77049 sq m are governed by SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LTD. During this training, which I underwent after appearing for the 6th Semester Examination of my college, I have learnt many things, both about construction as well as project management. I got to see a large number of site machineries, equipments and construction procedures, various
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safety measures adopted at site which are not common in ordinary sites. These are invaluable experience, which I believe will help me to a great extent, in the future. Civil engineering is a vast and diversified subject and there are lots of things yet to be learnt. As only a 3rd year student of this Engineering discipline, I knew I had my limitations, but I must say that this training program has made me more confident and has created more interest in me in learning the practical aspects of construction at site.
SAYANTAN CHAKRABORTY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG. JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY KOLKATA

INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THE COMPANY NAME : SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LIMITED

REGISTERED OFFICE : SIMPLEX HOUSE, 27 SHAKESPEARE SARANI, KOLKATA- 700017 FORMER NAME : SIMPLEX CONCRETE PILES (INDIA) LIMITED

SPECIAL FEATURES AS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY: Company is in ISO family since 2004. It is an ISO 9001:2008 approved company. Major construction works are taken up. Company generally is undertaking infrastructures, construction of flyovers etc. Presently executing 100s of towers in India and abroad. Design, development, engineering & construction of civil, structural, geotechnical and other associated works.

ABOUT THE PROJECT:

BASIC INFORMATION: Total project area of UNIWORLD CITY at Rajarhat, Newtown is 100 acres. Simplex got contract to make HEIGHTS and CASCADES in PHASE 2A and PHASE 4 respectively. Uniworld City is conveniently located in the IT/ITES belt in New Town, Rajarhat. The area is situated between Salt Lake and the Airport and is 15 minutes to Park Circus. The proposed Metro will also originate from New Town and terminate in Howrah. Cascades is located at the grand pedestrian promenade which runs through the heart of Uniworld City and consists of 10 towers, which extend up to 24 stories. With 2 to 3 apartments on every floor, apartment sizes range from 1,475 to 3,841 square feet. The design of Cascades is most prominently expressed in its landscape its spectacular water features & undulating landform. The complex includes food courts, amphitheatre, rock climbing wall, shopping facilities, swimming pool with children's pool, squash court, badminton court, tennis courts, piped gas, security and CCTV .

Area statement
GENERAL OUTLAY OF WORK:

For Phase 2A:

Floor

Total Total Size of Built up Appro no. of no. of each area x. floors apartme flat (m2) floor 2 nts (m ) area in buildi ng (m2)

Tentative total floor area per tower (m2)

Baseme 1 nt T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 28 26 28 26 28 71 64 71 64 71 150 120 150 120 120

14000 635 525 635 525 525

13000 545 420 545 420 420

13000 15237 10904 15237 10904 11767

Total no. of apartments

= 341 = 9000 m2

Tentative basement car parking area Tentative total area = 77049 m2

For Phase 4:

Floor

Total Total Tentative no. of no. of total floor apartme floors area per nts tower (m2) 46572 15 15 5547 5547
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Baseme 1 nt T1 T2 26 26

T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10

26 52 58 58 58 58 64 64

15 21 23 23 23 23 25 25

5547 9138 10086 10433 10433 10433 11033 11033

Materials Used
GRADE OF CONCRETE USED:

Pile Pile cap Columns Slabs Beams Basement columns Retaining wall P.C.C. Basement slab

=M25 =M25 =M40 (for the tower) =M25 =M40 =M30 =M25 =M7.5 =M35

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Note:
As per the design the basement slab was supposed to be constructed of M25 grade concrete. But a road for the movement of heavy vehicles was proposed over the basement slab in which case the M25 mix would have not been sufficient to withstand the load over it, hence, the grade of concrete was raised to M35 with the clients permission.

DIAMETER OF REINFORCEMENT BARS IN COLUMNS OF VARIOUS SIZES:

CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT is a process which enables all the parties to a contract to meet their obligations in order to deliver the objectives required from the contract. It continues throughout the life of the contract and involves managing proactively to anticipate future needs as well as reacting positively to situations that arise. DOCUMENTS FORMING PART OF THE CONTRACT

Contract agreement Letter of acceptance (LOC) & Notice to proceed (NTP) Contractors bid / tender document Contract data

SIZE OF COLUMN 250mm X 750mm 500mm X 500mm 500mm X 750mm 500mm X 900mm 500mm X 1200mm

DIAMETER OF REINFORCEMENT BAR (mm) 16 20 20 & 25 32 & 25 32 & 25

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Conditions of contract Specifications Drawings Bill of quantities

ESSENTIALS OF A CONTRACT Essential elements of a contract are: An agreement Offer and acceptance Lawful consideration Capacity to enter into contract Free consent of both parties Lawful object Intention to create a legal relationship

TYPES OF CONTRACT: Unit rate/unit price contract Percentage rate contract Cost plus percentage contract Lump sum contract Turnkey/ EPC contract BOT contract FIDIC form contract

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 TYPICAL SET OF RECORDS:

Original contract tender document Drawings issued for construction and all subsequent revisions Instructions, notices, variation orders issued to contractors Sub-contractor quotations, purchase orders, work orders Daily records on Plant & Machinery use Daily time records and production logs e.g. concrete pours etc. Contract milestone schedule/master schedule Payment/billing status under the contract Contract correspondence Minutes of contractual meetings Minutes of site coordination meeting Notice of claims for delays and/ or cost by contractor Inspection reports Accident reports Progress photographs A filling record of all the record files that are being maintained

BREACH OF CONTRACT A breach of contract occurs where a party repudiate or fails to perform one or more of the obligations imposed upon him by the contract. Any breach of a contract by one party gives the other party an immediate cause of action and a right to claim for damages as compensation, for losses flowing from the breach of contract.
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Sources of breach of contract: Failure to give possession of site Improper or cardinal changes Unreasonable delays Non-supply of material promised Different site conditions

Different type of claims: Contractual claims Extra contractual claims Quantum merit claims Ex-gratia claims Counter claims

Supporting evidence for claims Many delay claims by contractors fail due to lack of notice and/or failure to substantiate their claim due to lack of records. The following supporting evidence can contribute immensely in proving the claims: Correspondence Confirmation of verbal instructions Drawing register Minutes of meeting Labour allocation sheets
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Approvals Inspection Daily diary Photographs Programme and progress Quality assurance records Other records

DISPUTE A dispute is a disagreement arising out of a contract. When many differences or issues remain unresolved, the party aggrieved becomes entitled to raise a claim in respect of the same. Sources of dispute: Changed conditions Additional work Delays Contract period

ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION/REDRESSAL MECHANISM (ADR) ADR is a holistic concept of a consensus- oriented approach to deal with potential and actual dispute. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 promises to be efficient and effective alternate system of dispute resolution. ADR methods: Mediation Negotiation
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Conciliation Finally if all these mechanism fails by : an Arbitration

CONTRACT CONDITIONS FOR HEIGHTS

The scope of work shall mainly consist the following: i. Earthwork and dewatering works. ii. Plain / Reinforced cement concrete works. iii. Masonry works. iv. Steel works. v. Wood works. vi. Floor finishing works. vii. Wall finishes viii. Miscellaneous works. ix. Fire/ smoke check doors Roofing / water proofing works.

SL.NO 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6.

TOWER/ NO OF NO OF TENTATIVE BUILDING APPARTMENTS FLOORS AREA(M2) Basement Tower1 Tower2 Tower3 Tower4 Tower5 TOTAL 71 64 71 64 71 341 1 28 26 28 26 28 1300 15237 10904 15237 10904 11767 77049

completion period date of start date of completion total contract value

: : : :

18 months 1st November 2006 30 April 2008 462868562/16

value of work added service tax total Cost of material supplied by the owner

: : :

444898233/17970329 /462868562/-

270000000/-

(Which includes Ready mix concrete, Cement, Reinforcement steel) TERMS FO PAYMENT: Mobilization advance 10% of contract price. Immediately on award of work : 5.0% Mobilization of cranes and lifts : 2.5% Mobilization of 50% shuttering : 1.5% Mobilization of balance 50% of : 1.0% shuttering material _______________ TOTAL 10.0% Security deposit: 5% of work done to be deducted from running bill subjected to maximum of 60 lac. Performance guarantee : ESCALATION Vm = 0.5(W-Wm)(C1-C0)/C0 V1 = 0.3W(L1-L0)/L0 Where; Vm V1 W Wm C1 C0 L1 L0 = = = = = = = = variation in material cost variation in labour cost gross work done during the period gross work done during against time mentioned in BOQ with basic rates All India wholesale price index All India wholesale price index in the month in which prices bids are opened. revised minimum labour wages Minimum labour wages in the month in which price bids are opened. 5% of contract value

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SUPPLY OF MATERIAL BY THE OWNER: Cement: Grey cement ( OPC in bags) Allowable wastage variation: +1% Recovery beyond allowable wastage = Rs- 250/- per bag Reinforcement bars Allowable wastage/variation = +3% Invisible wastage = 1 Recovery beyond allowable = 50,000 per MT wastage Ready mix concrete Allowable wastage variation : Recovery beyond allowable : Wastage N/A NOT ALLOWED

CONTRACT CONDITIONS FOR CASCADES

The scope of work shall mainly consist the following: x. Earthwork and dewatering works. xi. Plain / Reinforced cement concrete works. xii. Masonry works. xiii. Steel works. xiv. Wood works. xv. Floor finishing works. xvi. Wall finishes xvii. Miscellaneous works. xviii. Fire/ smoke check doors Roofing / water proofing works

SL NO 1. 2 3 4

BUILDING/ TOWER BASEMENT TOWER 1 TOWER 2 TOWER 3

NO OF APPARTMENTS 26 26 26

NO OF FLOOR 1 15 15 15

TENTATIVE AREA (M2) 46572 5547 5547 5547

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5 6 7 8 9 10 11

TOWER 4 TOWER 5 TOWER 6 TOWER 7 TOWER 8 TOWER 9 TOWER 10 TOTAL : : :

52 58 58 58 58 64 64 490 27 months 15th April 2007 14th July 2009 648426277/161403064/: 810329341/-

21 23 23 23 23 25 25

9138 10086 10433 10433 10433 11033 11033 135802

completion period date of start date of completion

super structural work : basement work total contract value cost of material supplied by the owner :

480000000/-

(Which includes Ready mix concrete, Cement, Reinforcement steel) TERMS FO PAYMENT: Mobilization advance 10% of contract price. Immediately on award of work : 5.0% Mobilization of cranes and lifts : 2.5% Mobilization of 50% shuttering : 1.5% Mobilization of balance 50% of : 1.0% shuttering material _______________ TOTAL 10.0% Security deposit: 5% of work done to be deducted from running bill subjected to maximum of 60 lac. Performance guarantee : ESCALATION
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5% of contract value

Vm = 0.5(W-Wm)(C1-C0)/C0 V1 = 0.3W(L1-L0)/L0 Where; Vm V1 W Wm C1 C0 L1 L0 = = = = = = = = variation in material cost variation in labour cost gross work done during the period gross work done during against time mentioned in BOQ with basic rates All India wholesale price index All India wholesale price index in the month in which prices bids are opened. revised minimum labour wages Minimum labour wages in the month in which price bids are opened.

SUPPLY OF MATERIAL BY THE OWNER: Cement: Grey cement ( OPC in bags) Allowable wastage variation: +1% Recovery beyond allowable wastage = Rs 250/- per bag Reinforcement bars Allowable wastage/variation = +3% Invisible wastage = 1 Recovery beyond allowable = 50,000 per MT wastage Ready mix concrete Allowable wastage variation : Recovery beyond allowable : wastage N/A NOT ALLOWED

SAFETY
Safety engineering is an applied science strongly related to the system engineering and the subset system of safety engineering. Safety engineering assures that life critical system behaves as needed when pieces fails.
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SAFETY ASPECT OF THE PROJECT:

If the working environment around you is clean, than automatically it brings confidence in you to work and gives best output. Simplex gives lots of importance to Safety aspect in Engineers, Workmen. The main aim safety is zero accident.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICYOF THE COMPANY:

Intends to maintain a safe and healthy environment and takes due care about occupational health and safety of its employees. Strives to achieve zero accident rates through having an effective and competent site management team and trained wowed to force. In case of emergencies, the project management team is always ready and quick to respond to them. The uses of protective gears like safety helmets, protective shoes, safety nets etc. are strictly enforced among the workers at the site.

RESPONSIBILITY OF SAFETY & HEALTH COORDINATOR

Carry out Safety Inspection of Work area daily. Organize campaigns, competitions & other special emphasis program to promote HSE at the workplace. Highlight the requirement of HSE through PEP talks. Help to prepare Job Safety Analysis (JSA) for critical job. Conduct Investigation of all Accidents / Dangerous occurrences & recommend appropriate Safety Measures. Convene Safety Meeting & minute the proceedings for circulation & follow up actions. Advice & Co-Ordinate for implementations of work permit system. Plan procurement of PPE, Safety devices & inspect before use as per the laid down norms. Report to RSC on all matters pertaining to status of Safety & promotional program at site level. Sending reports to Safety Coordinator.
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Facilitate Screening of all Workmen & Safety Induction. Facilitate administration of First Aid.

SAFETY TRAINING AND MOTIVATIONAL SCHEME AT SITE Simplex Infrastructures Limited conducts several orientation and training programs for all persons at site so that they will be fully aware of site safety rules, restrictions and necessary safe working methods. SAFETY INDUCTION COURSE: It is the policy of the Simplex Infrastructures Limited that all workers shall be familiarized with there work environment. Each person shall be fully aware of rules, restrictions and safe working methods manners in his assigned work. Refreshers training will be also conducted through other specified courses as required with a view to ensure that each person at the site is competent to perform his work safely and efficiently. Each person assigned to the construction site, prior to starting site activities, will be given an admission orientation covering all aspects of his work and area.
The orientation covers the following topics;

The Safety Policy of Simplex Infrastructures Limited Safety organization of Simplex Infrastructures Limited The complex regulation for construction safety. Work in restricted areas and highly hazardous works. Supervisors and employee responsibilities Personal Protective Equipments & Other Safety Gadgets. Fire prevention and fire protection. Medical and first aid facilities

TRAINING PROGRAMS
Simplex Infrastructures Limited conducts training programs with specific emphasis on HSE issues pertaining to the site activities. For example,

The statutory codes and regulation on HSE.

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Site safety rules and requirements. Lock out and Tag out Accident Prevention & Accident Investigation. Safety & Health inspection emergency and rescue. All staff member & workmen shall receive basic training on safety. Safety induction programs shall be conducted for the new workmen and refresher programs for the existing gangs on routine basis. Sufficient number of workmen and staff shall be trained in first aid/ artificial respiration /fire - fighting to ensure quick reaction in case of emergency. All workmen shall be trained to follow safe working procedure to execute their respective jobs in the concerned area with the help of the Safety Engg Dept.

Examples of training programs are as follows:

Regular training. Safety Induction for visitors, new joiners staff, workmen, Preparatory talk on daily basis & subject will be chosen as per the need / demand. Periodical training. Fire fighting, First aid, Emergency preparedness, Electrical safety, Working at height, Erection & dismantling, Job specific (critical activities) relevant to Risk assessment

VARIOUS MEASURES TAKEN ON SITE:

PEPTALK/ TOOL BOX TALK

Regularly pep talk is organized to motivate workmen and meet job specific demand by concerned supervisor. The significance of personal protective appliance shall be impressed upon the workman and their use ensure by all concerned. All sub-contractor and their supervisor conduct pep talk when new work start and give awareness of the work in presence of Site in-charge and Safety coordinator. Simplex provided PPE for employee and labours. Various PPE listed below:

Sl. No 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Activity 1 Site Transport Handle of diesel Material handling Welding Grinders Gas cutting Erection Crane operator

Suggested PPE Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe. Rubber hand gloves and Goggles. Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Hand gloves. Welding face shield attached with welding helmet, hand salves, safety shoe. Face shield attached with welding helmet, Safety Shoe, Hand gloves Face shield attached with welding helmet, Safety Shoe, Hand gloves Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Hand gloves Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Hand gloves 23

9. 10. 11.

Working at heights Excavation& Backfilling Concrete work

Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Safety belt. Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, dust mask. Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, dust mask, gumboot &hand gloves.

MEDICAL AND FIRST AID FACILITIES

First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to the victim of an accident. It may involve improvising with facilities and materials available at time. The main objectives of first aid are: To preserve life To prevent the worsening of the condition To promote reconvenes
FIRST AID FACILITY AT SITE

Main first aid centre is established within the site premises at local convenient location with adequate facilities to handle the following emergence. Two full fledged first aider are made available at aid centre shift wise to extend to first aid service round the clock. First aid trainee is given to sub-contractor also. There be at least one standby emergence vehicles on site during working time. For shifting of critical patient who required hospitalization emergency vehicles is provided with medical facility. Simplex is tie up with some of the hospital having sufficient amenities to handle critical case effectively.
SAFETY MATERIALS

1. Safety Net:
Safety nets are nets generally used in the side of the towers to stop some falling objects from the tower top. Sometimes it is useful for saving human life. It is made of Poly propelene Ropes. Generally it is of dimension (10mX4m). It has a mesh size of (2X2). The border rope is of diameter 12mm.

2. ELCB/RCCB:
An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker(ELCB) device always checks for any leakage of current. An ELCB works by comparing the input current in the hot current line feeding a load and the return current in the central line coming back from the load. If the return current is less than the input current by a quiet small amount Usually only about 30 mA ,it means there must be a leakage current. RCCB means Residual Current Circuit Breaker which operates when there is a difference in current between any two phases.

3. Barricading tape:
The portion of the site under work is generally barricaded by a tape which notifies others for not entering the particular area .These kind of tapes are known as the Barricading tapes. 4. Fall Arrester: 24

It is a safety device connected with the rope and safety belts which protects the person working vertically at the top of the building from falling down. 5. Flashback Arrester: It is a safety device generally used in gas cutting set. It is a one way valve which prevents fire and explosion the heat coming from nozzle.
SCAFOLDING

Scaffolding are structures erected besides the tall buildings which acts as a platform for work. The different parts of scaffolding are given below: Bay: The space between the center line of two adjacent standards. standard : A vertical or near vertical tubes based on the ground or a structure. Ledger : A longitudinal tube normally fixed parallel to the face of a building in the direction of the larger dimension of the scaffold. It acts as a support of the transoms are frequently for the tie tubes and ledger braces and is usually jointed with the adjacent standards. Brace: a tube placed diagonally with respect to the vertical or horizontal members of a scaffold and fix to them to afford stability. Working platform: the deck from which the building operations are carried out. Coupler: A components used to fix the scaffold tubes together. Toe Board: An up stand at the edge of a platform intended to prevent materials or operatives feet from slipping off the platform. There are four types of scaffolding. These are : Tower Scaffolding: The scaffolding consisting of four standards and not extended at any side. Independent Scaffolding: The scaffolding consisting of three or more standards in long but only two standards in wide. Bird cage Scaffolding: The scaffolding consisting of six or more standards in each direction. Hanging Scaffolding: The scaffolding hung from overhead.

Tower & independent scaffolding 25

 SCAFFOLD CLASSIFICATION Scaffolds are classified by type according to their purpose for use. Each scaffold will have set maximum loadings, which in turn will determine the maximum bay centers as follows:
TYPES USES Platform loading KN/m2 Kg/m2 0.75 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 0.75 N/A 76 153 204 255 306 255 76 N/A No. of boards & standard CRS 3(0.77m) 4(1.0m) 5(1.2m) 5(1.2m) 6(1.45m) 5(1.2m) Fully boarded NILL Maximum bay centres 1 2 2 plus 1 very light duty 2 plus 1 very light duty 1 plus 1 very light duty 1 1 N/A

Very light duty Independent Light duty Independent General purpose Independent Heavy duty Independent Special or masonry Independent Putlog duty birdcage Light duty birdcage Hoist tower SAFETY FROM FIRE

Inspection Plasterers, Painting and Cleaning Building work light brick work Brickwork Heavy cladding Masonry work Concrete Block work New Brickwork Inspection, Painting, Cleaning To change Hoist

Fire: Fire is a chain reaction which involves the oxidation of combustible materials, heat and light energy emitted. Causes of fire:

Ignorance Carelessness Poor Presence of fuel that is wood, petrol, paper etc. Presence of OXYGEN Temperature

Fire Triangle: Three main factors are essential to combustion

Principle of extinguishment of fire: Fire extinguishment involves removal of any one or more factors depicted by the fire triangle. The principle of extinguishment may be classified as follows:

Starvation; By eliminating fuel Cooling; if the rate at which the heat is generating by combustion is less than the rate which is dissipated, then the combustion doesnt persist Smothering: By eliminating the air or oxygen from the fuel.
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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

Class A-Ordinary/general/carbonaceous fire Class B-Flammable liquid fire Class C-Flammable gas fire Class D-Reactive metal fire

CLASS A B C D

EXAMPLE Paper, wood, cloth etc. Petrol, diesel, oil, acetone etc. Acetylene, methane, hydrogen, LPG etc. Potassium, sodium, aluminum etc.

EXTINGUISHING EFFECT Cooling, smothering ,starvation Smothering Smothering, cooling Cooling, smothering ,starvation

FIRST AID FIREFIGHTING APPLIANCES:

Sand bucket Fire hook Fire beater Portable fire extinguisher Hose reel hose

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SAFETY INSTRUMENTS

A SAFETY SIGN BOARD AT SIMPLEX

FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE AS PER CLASSIFICATION

EXTINGUSHIR SODA ACID WATER CO2 FOAM DCP CO2 A X X B X X X

CLASS C X X X D X X X

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EXECUTION
FINISHING ACTIVITIES:

Finishing is the major part of building. Cost of the finishing is 70% of the total cost of building. Finishing work done in some parts are as follow: Brick work Door frame Window frame Railing Plastering Tilling & stone work Plaster of Paris Indian patent stone (IPS) False ceiling

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Painting BRICK WORK: Brick work is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar to build up brick structure such as walls. This project site walls are build up reinforcement brick work for high rise building (tower). Reinforcement bars is provided after three layers of brick differ. Here thickness of brick work are 125mm & 250mm .250mm thickness of brick work used for main wall with proportion of mortar 1:6 & 125mm thickness of brick work used for partition wall with proportion of mortar 1:4 ( cement : sand). METHODOLOGY Bricks are properly soaked into the water. The brickwork surface is also properly wetted Then two brick placed as stretcher perpendicular to the line of brickwork. Then the alignment is checked and a straight string is tied in to the brick previously placed along the line of brickwork is to be done as the outer boundary line. Then the bricks are placed and joined by the mortar of specified mixed ratio. After finishing the complete row the next row brickwork is done by following the same procedure. The joint of the brickwork must be discontinues. Reinforced brick work is being carried out hence after every three layer two bars of diameter 6mm is provided in brickwork for lateral support.

PLASTERING: Plaster is done on internal wall , external wall and ceiling. Thickness of internal plaster is 12mm with 1:4 (cement: sand) proportion. Ceiling plaster thickness is 6mm with 1:3. Thickness of external plaster should be 15mm with proportion 1:6. Generally it may be 18-20mm thickness. METHODOLOGY The wall is inspected for electrical conduits, window frames, door frames etc. The brick wall surface is properly wetted with water. Chicken mesh is used to make brick wall monolithic with columns. Placing the cement mortar in patches of 12 to 15 mm thickness as per the requirement. Covering the whole wall with mortar maintaining the thickness with respect to the patches.
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Levelling of mortar is done with the help of aluminium bar If there is any void space after the levelling that is filled by the mortar.

Finally the whole wall is levelled properly and our plastering work is finished. TILING & STONE WORK:

In phase 2A two types are used:

METHODLOGY

Ceramic tiles Vitrified tiles.

The floor is cleaned by removing dust and debris. Then the surface is wetted by water. After that the cement sand mortar is prepared. Levelling patches are provided at different places to maintaining the level at the time of placing of tiles. The whole area is then covered by the mortar up to the level of patches. Then the cement slurry is spread over the surface Then the tiles are gently placed over the surface with the gap of 3 mm The gap is finally files by thin cement slurry. Finally the tiles were clean and the tiling work is finish

BACKING FOR TILING:-

12-15 mm thick backing for tiling is used for wall. Generally 20-25mm thickness backing is used for floor. Use tiling mortar with 1:4 (cement: sand) proportion for floor. Use tiling mortar with 1:3 proportion for wall.
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Cement water paste is used on back side of tiles.

STONE WORK :

The following stones are used in the site:

Crown pink stone: Crown pink stone is used for flooring at lobby. Marigold granite stone: Marigold stone is used at beside the lift facial. Kota stone: Kota stone is used in stair case. Udaipur green Kota stone is also used at duplex stair case. Dado of Kota stone is 100mm.To complete flooring in stair case 2.5 mason and 2.5 numbers labours are required for two flight, mid landing, final landing and dado finishing.

INDIAN PATENT STONE (I.P.S.): Indian patent stone is one type of flooring with is used in bedroom of all apartments in project. In this case the total floor area is divided in several panels (1mx1m) by using PVC strip. Dimension of these strips are 4mm in thickness & 40mm in width. Then concreting is done in alternate to create a non homogeneous joint as we can prevent huge repair cost when repairing is needed. Mix ratio of IPS is 1:2:4 where sand is medium coarse sand and stone chips are 12mm down. After IPS the flooring is covered by wooden block by using adhesive material.

PLASTER OF PARIS(POP): POP is done to get smooth surface on wall. Pop is done in some steps: Clean the plastered wall surface. Watering the surface. Make a suitable lay of Paris. Apply the POP on wall. In our project we use 3mm-4mm POP covering on internal wall surface But we can use 4mm-6mm thick POP finishing. In market 50 kg bag is available which covers 20m2 wall area. One painter can paint 20m2 wall area in a day .
VACUUM DEWATERED FLOORING

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Methodology:

A bed of silver sand of thickness 650mm is laid first. The sand is then compacted and a thin plastic is laid over it 50mm PCC done over the plastic layer. Reinforcement bars of diameter 8mm and 10 mm with clear cover 25 mm is laid over the PCC at a distance of 200mm centre to centre. The PCC surface first scratched and then wetted before the casting. 100mm thick slab is casted and vibrated with the use of vibrator for better compaction. A thin net is laid over the casted layer after about 10-15 minutes of casting. A mat with arrangement for suction is spread over the net Water is drawn out with the help of VDP(Vacuum Dewatering Pump) After dewatering, hardener named SIKA CHAPDUR is spread over the surface @ 4Kg/m2 The surface is levelled properly with the help of power trowel Finally after proper levelling, brushing of the surface is done.

Advantages of VDF:

The compressive strength of floor increased Theres a gain in tensile strength Cement consumption is reduced as no cement is required separately for finishing the surface. Abrasion resistance of the floor increased resulting in less wear and rear of the floor surface Shrinkage of concrete is reduced and floor warps less.

Grade of Concrete: Minimum grade of concrete used shall be M15 conforming to IS-456. Only Design Mix Concrete shall be used Water-Cement ratio: Water-cement ratio upto 0.65 shall be allowed to obtain better slump& workability. Actual ratio shall be decided with approval of the Engineer-in-charge. Only measured quantity of water shall be used in the mix. Special Requirement: All works covered by this specification shall be carried out by an experienced agency having sufficient expertise in vacuum Dewatering concrete system. Only skilled and experienced operators shall be employed for the purpose. Prior approval of the agency shall be obtained from the Engineer-in-Charge before starting the work. All the equipment shall be of approved
33

and proven types and suitable for the work involved.

Concrete Laying: Concrete laying pattern shall be decided in consultation with the Engineer-in-Charge and with his approval. The maximum width of a slab strip shall not generally exceed 4 meters and minimum number of construction joints shall be used. Alternate slab strips shall be sequentially laid. Any damage to the already finished top surface shall be avoided. At construction joints no overflow of mortal or slurry on the already hardened surface shall be allowed while concreting the intermediate slab strip. Such construction joints shall be marked with a thread in a straight line while the concrete is still green. Continuity of reinforcement shall be maintained while laying concrete in slab strips. Edges at expansion joints shall be protected and proper arrangement of shear-transfer shall be provided.

QUANTITY SURVEY
34

TOTAL BRICK WORK, TILING AND PLASTERING ON A TYPICAL FLOOR

TOTAL QUANTITY

SL NO.

DESCRIPTION

UNIT

NUMBER

LENGTH

HEIGHT

WIDTH

QUANTITY

BRICK WORK A 1 250 mm thick wall MASTER BEDROOM x10^6 mm^3 2 1 1 1 2 BED ROOM 2 1 1 1 1 3 LIVING ROOM 2 1 1 4 5 6 DINING ROOM STORE ROOM LIFT 2 2 2 1 1 7 STAIR ROOM 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 TOILET 2 1 1 1 1 9 GARBAGE BINS 1 1 1 1 1 3325 1750 1475 600 1750 325 600 675 250 250 2331 731 440 1360 1950 450 450 2160 1290 750 1085 1615 750 1755 750 850 2300 850 850 1700 1250 1250 800 750 2450 1100 2700 2700 1100 2450 3150 2700 2450 2450 2450 2700 2450 2700 2700 2700 2700 2450 1100 600 2600 500 500 2600 600 2450 2775 2450 2700 2700 2450 2600 2700 2700 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 4073.125 481.25 995.625 405 962.5 199.0625 472.5 455.625 153.125 306.25 1427.7375 493.425 539 1836 2632.5 303.75 303.75 2646 354.75 112.5 705.25 201.875 93.75 1140.75 225 520.625 1595.625 520.625 573.75 1147.5 765.625 812.5 540 506.25

35

10

UTILITY

1 1 1 1

1365 890 860 750 775 1075 125 1365 2790 1175 2160 1826 3060 709 675 2790 700 805 475

2450 2700 2700 600 3150 1100 2450 2450 2450 2450 2450 1400 2100 3150 2450 2450 1400 2450 2450

250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

836.0625 600.75 580.5 112.5 610.3125 295.625 76.5625 836.0625 1708.875 719.6875 1323 639.1 1606.5 558.3375 413.4375 1708.875 245 493.0625 290.9375 42157.7875

11

KITCHEN

1 1 1

12

LIVING/DINING

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

13

MASTER BEDROOM

1 1

14

TOILET

1 1

B 1

125 mm thick wall BED ROOM 2 1 1 1 1 3800 2200 725 1825 600 2800 1100 1425 600 2090 700 575 1235 880 1803 625 750 2800 1150 2625 2250 2700 2700 2775 2450 3150 2700 2700 3150 3150 2700 3150 3150 2700 3150 2450 2450 3150 2700 2450 2700 3150 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125

0 2565 742.5 251.484375 558.90625 236.25 1890 371.25 561.09375 236.25 705.375 275.625 226.40625 416.8125 346.5 552.16875 191.40625 295.3125 1890 704.375 885.9375 885.9375

TOILET

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 4

DINING KITCHEN

2 2 1 1

36

5 6

STORE KITCHEN

2 1 1 1 1

3005 1960 860 600 2510 850 1775 125 600 600 1075 800 975 600 920 920 2025 3290 1225

2700 3150 3150 3150 3150 2700 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 2700 2700 2700 2700 2450 3150 3150

125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125

2028.375 771.75 338.625 236.25 988.3125 286.875 698.90625 49.21875 236.25 236.25 423.28125 315 329.0625 202.5 310.5 310.5 620.15625 1295.4375 482.34375 24948.18438

MASTER BED ROOM

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TOILET

1 1 1 1 1

C 1

TIMBER FLOORING MASTER BED ROOM x10^4 mm^2 2 1 3925 5575 1000 3225 3900 3250 1150 900 2925 3725 2551.25 641.125 180 943.3125 1452.75 5768.4375 2 1 1 4900 7081/6140 3005/2750 3105 4865 7154 1670 1150 4725 1925 2925 875 875 875 1127 3123.46 553.92 1816.425 851.375 625.975 146.125 8098.155 2 1 2800 1750 1500 875 1600 750 1350 2150 1000 1053 750 1365 725 475 1204 175 315.9 65.625 218.4 54.375 64.125

BED ROOM

2 1 1

D 1

VITRIFIED TILES LIVING ROOM

2 3

DINING BALCONY

2 2 1 1

E 1

CERAMIC TILES KITCHEN

TOILET

2 1 1 1 1

37

1 1 3 STORE 2 1 1

635 1630 2380 940 555

475 1053 1860 750 350

30.1625 171.639 885.36 70.5 19.425 3274.5115

F 1

PLASTERING MASTER BEDROOM 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5550 1500 3925 1225 600 250 1700 1000 2450 675 1750 2200 3800 2925 600 1100 600 1750 750 900 1350 3725 2400 425 3575 750 2350 500 350 900 3500 2575 1800 1700 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3035 3000 3000 3000 3000

0 3368.85 455.25 1191.2375 371.7875 182.1 75.875 515.95 303.5 743.575 204.8625 531.125 1335.4 1153.3 887.7375 182.1 333.85 182.1 531.125 227.625 273.15 819.45 1130.5375 728.4 128.9875 1085.0125 227.625 713.225 151.75 106.225 273.15 2100 772.5 540 510

BED ROOM

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BED ROOM

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LIVING ROOM

2 1 1 1

38

1 1 1 1 1 1 5 STORE ROOM 1 1 1 1 1 6 KITCHEN 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 DINING 2 1 1 8 BALCONY 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 TOILET 8 1 1 1 1

6130 4660 7331 475 2200 731 1500 3005 2100 1360 880 1960 900 2725 2100 1150 600 1000 1250 2925 2450 565 1000 725 875 815 875 725 1125 875 670 250 2450 1250 3500 2331 1800 750 1550 725 2340 2340

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

1839 1398 2199.3 142.5 660 219.3 450 901.5 630 408 264 1234.8 283.5 858.375 661.5 362.25 189 315 393.75 1755 735 169.5 600 217.5 262.5 244.5 262.5 217.5 337.5 262.5 201 75 735 375 1050 699.3 540 1800 465 217.5 702 702

39

1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2300 750 825 575 1475 1235 2800 975 725 875 1053 875 625 1440

3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

690 450 247.5 172.5 442.5 370.5 840 292.5 217.5 262.5 315.9 262.5 187.5 432 53556.3375

QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY CONTROL ASPECT OF THE PROJECT:
As quality play very important role in every project, Simplex also gives lot of importance to Quality control and Quality assurance aspect. Keeping in mind, the company has prepared Quality policy and planned for the quality and necessary action in advance so that the quality of work meets the I.S standards and contract specification and full the needs of the Clients. 40

Simplex has set up well equipped quality laboratory in the site where all the tests being performed in the presence of consultant client. Records are being maintained as per ISO standards QUALITY POLICY OF THE COMPANY: We, in the Simplex Infrastructures Limited, are committed to executed project as per customer requirement ensuring customer satisfaction through implementation quality management systems in according with ISO 9001:2008 and making continual effort to enhance quality. QUALITY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY: To inculcate in the minds of our employee the culture of project execution with continent quality assurance and adherence to milestone as per customer requirement through development of programme and guidelines.

To ensure and improve customer satisfaction. To maintain a conducive environment and infrastructural facilities at work place with due consideration for occupational health and safety legislations.

VARIOUS TESTS BE CONDUCTED ON THE SITE: Cube Compressive Strength tests. Slump test (Workability) Test for bricks. Aggregate test. Tests on all incoming Materials as per specifications.

VARIOUS TESTS CONDUCTED IN LABS:

Reinforcement test Cement test Water test

TESTS FOR CONCRETE:

Workability of concrete is proportional to the water cement ratio and is inversely proportional to the strength i.e. water cement ratio is inversely proportional to the strength.

Compressive Strength Test:

Cube test is used for measuring the compressive strength of concrete. We take 6 cubes of dimension (150mmX150mmX150mm) for testing purpose. Here 3 cubes are used to test after 7 days and the rest 3 cubes used in 28 days for getting the result. About 2/3rd of the strength is gained in 7 days. PROCEDURE: 41

A mould of dimension (150mmX150mmX150mm), made of 3 parts is used for the test. Concrete is being filled and tampered. The upper surface is smoothed and levelled. The cube is hence prepared. The cube is compressed in the compressive testing machine after 7 and 28 days respectively. The compressive strength of the concrete is read from the reading of the pressure gauge.

Slump Test:
Slump test is used to determine the workability of concrete on site. Testing instrument:

Slump cone Tampering rod.

PROCEDURE: Slump cone is filled with concrete in 4 layers. Each layer is being filled and tampered for about 25 times for compaction. The upper surface is then smoothed and leveled. The slump cone is then vertically lifted. The tampering rod is marked with a measurement scale. The level of fall of concrete from the top determines the workability.

Slump results for some specific cases: heavy slump 100mm slump for mass concrete 50mm slump for concrete used in road (25 to 50)mm slump for pump concrete (120 to 150)mm If the slump value of concrete exceeds 150, then it is called loose concrete.

42

The 7 days strength should not be less than 67% Average 28 days strength of all the cubes should be fck +3 Individual strength of cubes should not be less than fck If RMC fails in compressive strength retrofitting works or remedial measures are applied such as: dismantling jacketing using steel sheets grouting In-situ test for concretes: load test hammer test core-cutter test NOMINAL MIX FOR VARIOUS GRADES OF CONCRETE: GRADE M7.5 M10 M15 M20 M25 NOMINAL MIX 1:4:8 1:3;6 1:2:4 1:1.5:3 1:1:2
PCC RCC

PLACES OF USE OF VARIOUS GRADES OF CONCRETE AT UNITECH SITE: M7.5 M25 M30 M35 M40 Plain Cement Concrete Casting of slabs, beams, VDF, Pile Caps, Deck Slabs, Lintels, Retaining Walls Columns (10th to top floor) Columns (4th to 10th floor) Columns (basement to 4th floor)

CEMENT: Types of cement used nowadays are as follows:

43

Type of Cement (with relevant grade and IS code) OPC (33 Grade) IS-269,1989 OPC (43 Grade) IS-8112, 1989 OPC (53 Grade) IS-12269, 1987 PSC IS-455, 1989 PPC(Fly Ash Based) IS-1489 (P1), 1991 PPC (Calcined Clay Based) IS-1489 (P2), 1991

Compressive Strength 3days 16 Mpa 23 Mpa 27 Mpa 16 Mpa 7days 22Mpa 33Mpa 37Mpa 22Mpa 28days 33Mpa 43Mpa 53Mpa 33Mpa

TESTS FOR CEMENT:

Type of test Fineness of Cement

Permissible Value Cement retained not more than 10%

Equipment used IS sieve of 90 micron (sieving time 2min) Vicat Apparatus La-Chartlier Specific Gravity bottle

Normal Consistency 28% - 30% Initial setting Time Final setting Time Soundness Specific Gravity not less than 30min. not more than 600min i.e. 10hr. Expansion not more than 10mm 2.89 3.00

Cube mould of size (70.6mm x 70.6mm x 70.6mm) No of Sample casted 9nos for 3days, 7days, 28days tests (each test 3nos cube). Compressive Strength test Proportion of mortar for cube casting200 gm Cement : 600 gm Standard Sand (GrI 200 gm,GrII 200 gm, GrIII 200 gm) Water Added [(P/4)+3]% , P = Normal Consistency in % Mixing time 3 min. - 4 min., Time of Vibration 2min. Frequency of test for each Batch 1no of test, for each lot 1 no of test

Tests for reinforcement steel: There are two grades of steel are used in our site. Fe-500 Fe-415 HYSD bars.(High Yield Steel Deformed Bar) The bars used are TMT bars that is Thermo Mechanically Treated bars. 44

Tests are classified into two categories. Physical test. Chemical test Physical tests:

NATURE OF TEST Tensile strength(N/mm2) Yield strength(N/mm2) % elongation at break on a gel Weight per meter length(kg/m) Bend

REQUIREMENTS AS PER IS 1786-1985 Grade Fe500 545(min) 500(min) 12.0(min) 3.85for 25 mm dia No sign of crack should be visible

Chemical Tests:

NATURE OF TESTS Carbon(C) % Sulphur(S) % Phosphorus(P) % TEST FOR AGGREGATES

Types of aggregate: Coarse aggregate (CA) Fine aggregate (FA) Types of test: Grading Analysis. (CA & FA). Specific gravity. (CA & FA). Bulk density. (CA & FA). Moisture content. (CA & FA). Bulking of sand. (FA). Water absorption value. (CA). Aggregate crushing / impact value. (CA) Abrasion value. (CA) Flakiness index. (CA). Elongation index. (CA). Soundness of aggregates. (CA)

REQUIREMENTS 0.3%(max) 0.055%(max) 0.055%(max)

(not > 45% for Concrete, 30% for Road, runway) (not > 50% for Concrete,30% for Road, runway)

45

 TESTS FOR WATER: For testing of construction water As per IS 456: 2000 CHARACTERISTICS Permissible Limit Max Inorganic Matter (mg/l) Suspended Matter (mg/l) Chloride (mg/l) 3000 2000 1000 CHARACTERISTICS Sulphate (mg/l) pH Organic Matter Permissible Limit Max 500 not less than 6 200

46

For testing of construction water As per IS 14543, 1998 CHARACTERISTICS Colour (Colour unit, Max) Odour Taste Turbidity (NTU) Total Dissolved solids (mg/l, Max) Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l, Max) Alkalinity (mg/l, Max) Magnesium Mg (mg/l, Max) Manganese Mn (mg/l, Max) Phenolic Compound (mg/l, Max) Residue free Chlorine (mg/l, Max) Mercury Hg (mg/l, Max) Arsenic As (mg/l, Max) Lead Pb (mg/l, Max) Coliform Organisms (MPN/100ml) TESTS FOR BRICKS: Requirement Max 5.0 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 10 500 300 600 200 600 30 0.1 0.001 0.2 0.001 0.05 0.05 10 CHARACTERISTICS pH Zinc Zn (mg/l, Max) Aluminum Al (mg/l, Max) Chloride Cl (mg/l, Max) Sulphate SO4 (mg/l, Max) Copper Cu (mg/l, Max) Calcium Ca (mg/l, Max) Iron Fe (mg/l, Max) Fluoride F (mg/l, Max) Nitrate (mg/l, Max) Mineral oil (mg/l, Max) Cadmium Cd (mg/l, Max) Cyanide CN(mg/l, Max) Chromium Cr (mg/l, Max) Pesticides (mg/l) Requirement Max 6.5 8.5 5 0.03 250 200 0.05 75 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 45 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 Absent

(as per IS-3495)

Dimension (250x125x75)mm Shape and size Colour Metallic ringing sound when collide each other. Warpage test Water absorption test(20% max) Efflorescence test (moderate upto 12.5%) Strength test Compressive strength(not less than 10.0 less than 12.5)

TESTS FOR SHUTTERING PLY: The type of ply is used in our site is red ply named Laminated Ply. Another type of ply is available in the market called white ply or commercial ply. Ply dimensions: 1.22mx2.44mx12mm
47

Weight of the ply: 30 to 35 kg per piece. CALIBRATION OF MACHINES: Certified from Superintendence Co of India (P.) ltd. (NABL Accredited & ISO 9001:2000) NABL National Accrediation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 The instruments are to be tested after every 1 year. The various instruments being tested are: pressure gauge vernier calipers wire gauge micrometer and screw gauge digital balance slump cone hot air oven measuring cylinder IS sieve Silt And Clay content in sand Silt and clay content should be tested to know the quality of sand. It is done by taking a sample of sand in a measuring cylinder and fully saturating it. After a while two layers are produced at the top of the sand i.e. clay and silt layers respectively. The permissible limit for clay and silt content is 10%. It should not be more than that.

WATER PROOFING AGENT (SIKA LATEX) Material SIKA WATER CEMENT repair work/plaster 1 6 as per requirement wall painting 1 4 6 Putty 1 2 1

48

SAND

as per requirement

PLANNING
A systematic, time maintaining, economic, quality controlled and safety process that is being prepared before the commencement of a project for t is being prepared structure wise. ASPECT OF PLANNING IN A CONSTRUCTION JOB: Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and execution of construction projects. It involves the choice of technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks, and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks. A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for work. Developing the construction plan is a critical task in the management of construction, even if the plan is not written or otherwise formally recorded. In addition to these technical aspects of construction planning, it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions about the relationships between project participants and even which organizations to include in a project. For example, the extent to which subcontractors will be used on a project is often determined during construction planning. Planning is mainly of four types: Material plan Labour or man-power plan Machine plan SELECTION OF MACHINE: Output of the machine: According to the scope of work and depending on the output of the machine we can choose the correct machine for a particular work. Efficiency: The ratio of the output to the input of a machine is known as efficiency of that machine. So to choose a particular machine we should first choose its efficiency. Place of work: The type of machine required for a particular job hugely depends on the place or location of the project. According to the climate and temperature change a suitable kind of machine is to be chosen. Size & Shape: The shape and size of the machine depends on the quantity of work to be done and also the amount of space available at the site for work. Cost or hire Charge: The machine is to be chosen depending on its cost and hire charge. It largely depends on the amount allotted for that particular project. Availability of operator: If we choose a particular type of machine, we should make sure that a good operator is also available for the operation of that machine.
49

Transportation: The machine to be hired should not be supplied from a great distance so as to cut the cost of transportation. Fuel consumption: We should choose such a kind of machine which is economical in fuel consumption. Cost & Availability of parts: If any machine is imported, we should make sure that all the parts of the machine are available in nearby location to retard the cost of the project. Maintenance cost: While hiring a machine we should always keep in mind that a hiring cost should also be allotted with it. Longevity of machine: Machine should be handled in such a way that it could be used for a longer period of time. Storage: The machine should be selected such that it could be stored in a shed in the project site or nearby easily. Standardisation: The machine should always be standardised for all the works. SELECTION OF SUPPLIER

Cost: At first the rate of all the contractors is to be taken so that we can decide whom to give the work to. Quality: Before giving the contract to a supplier we should consult with the market about the goodwill and the supplying quality of that supplier. Transportation: We should keep in mind that the supplied materials from the supplier are not far away from the site, or else we have to think about extra transportation charges. We can also deal by making the contractor give the transportation charges. Behaviour: While making the contract we can make sure that the contractors behaviour is well or else he could make problem while supplying the material. Delivery time: While making the contract we should firmly mention the delivery time some days before the project or else it may cause delay in project. Payment terms: Payment terms should be mentioned as per deal with the contractor so that he could not raise any argument further. The dealing may be in terms of months, total or as per supply. SELECTION OF SUB-CONTRACTOR Time: While giving a contract to a subcontractor we should always bind his time limit so that he does not take a much longer time to finish the project.

50

Cost: The cost of the project part handled by the subcontractor should be discussed before giving him the contract. Thus we could estimate the profits and cost of project under that particular subcontractor. Labours: We should always check the ability of the contractor to supply labours. Based on the number of labours he could provide, we decide to give him the contract. Experience: The experience of the contractor should be kept in mind so that we can make sure that he will give a good output. Quality: We should always check from the previous work of the subcontractor to make sure that he is capable of doing good quality of work. Labour accommodation: Labour accommodation should be well known so as to make their place for living in the site or nearby. Payment terms: Payment terms should be mentioned as per deal with the contractor so that he could not raise any argument further. The dealing may be in terms of months, total or as per supply. Origin of labour: The origin of the labour is essential as we could clearly acknowledge the time the labours will be absent during the festivals. Behaviour: While making the contract we can make sure that the contractors behaviour is well or else he could make problem while supplying the material. Efficiency: Performance of a supplier is his past reputation and ability of his supply. The performance of the supplier should always be noticed before giving the contract.

51

ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
In a word electrical dept means that dept which governs all works or job concerning electricity. Simplex Infrastructure Limited concentrate on this dept and develop an authentic electrical dept by appointing good electrical engineer in every project site. In BUUIPL , Rajarhat site simplex has developed an electrical dept which look after all the electrical machines and other component concerning electricity. ASPECT OF ELECTRICAL DEPT IN A HIGHRISE BUILDING PROJECT: As like other civil engineering works , in high rise building project we need several electrical machines which can not be operated without electricity and the project can not be done without these machines. These machines are supervised by the mechanical dept , so there should be good connection between these two dept. Tower crane, building hoist, builder hoist, vibrator , submersible pump , concrete mixer machine, bar bending machine, bar cutting machine etc are the electrical machines can not work without electricity. So we need electricity connection from some other outside agencies or we have to generate electricity. In BUUIPL, Rajarhat site simplex has arranged some diesel generator to generate the electricity. Diesel Generators are the one most important machines which are supervised by our electrical dept. SOME IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND EQUIPEMENT: DIESEL GENERATOR (D.G.): Diesel generator means the generator which generates electricity from diesel. There are several types of D.G. available in market of various capacity ,eg; 150 kVA,125kVA,100 kVA, 75 kVA etc. In our site there are several DG of several capacity. 1kVA is equivalent to 1.4 Amp. So 125 kVA is equivalent to 175 Amp. But for safety we apply only 80% load of maximum permissible load. So we can apply 140 Amp load (max) on a 125 kVA D.G. D.G. produce generally 65 to 80 Amp current in form of direct current. We transform this DC to AC by using rectifier and then we use either Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) or step up transformer to get the desired amount of electricity. Fuel consumption: For 125 kVA DG: 15 lit/hr (on 80% load of max. permissible load=112 Amp) 20% extra = 18 lit/hr (on maximum permissible load=140 Amp)

52

ELECTRICAL APPIANCES RUNNING INSIDE SITE OFFICE

Place Tube light Ceiling Stand exhaust refrigerator Fan fan 3 phase Wall CFL AC 3 phase UPS fan motor 3-phase compressive

Kitchen Dining Toilet Quality Planning Accounts 1 Accounts 2 PM Tea hut Store Mech /electric verandah

1 6 2 6 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 Sl no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

3 2 4 1 2 2 4 3 2

1 1

1 2 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 4 3

Item Tube light Ceiling fan Stand fan Exhaust Wall fan CFL AC Metal hailde 3 phase UPS Motor Refrigerator Oven 3 phase motor 3 phase cube tester

number 34 23 2 3 1 9 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

power 40 80 140 40 40 20 2000 400 10 KVA 2 HP 180 3 HP 3 HP 3 HP

Total power 1360 1840 280 120 40 180 2000 1200 8000 1500 180 2250 22500 2250

Total power consumed : 22.1 KW D.G required for = 15.47 KW (assuming 80% of load at a time)
53

Use 50 KVA DG (avoiding 25 KVA by being on safer side in case of full load)

50 KVA DG Capacity= 80% of 50 KW= 40 KW Can be used for= 80% of 40 KW= 32 KW D.G capacity Hire charge= 14000/month Maintenance= 2000/month Fuel= 1800 litre/month Mobil= 0.1 litre/hr 15 18 litre/hr Total cost= 1800x40.6 + 15x176 + 14000 + 2000 = 91720 Rate= ( 91720/(12x30x30)) = 8.49 KW /unit/day TOWER CRANE: Tower cranes are very important machines in highrise building project. Tower crane can not be operated without electricity, so although it is a mechanical machine but also an electrical machine which is supervised by both dept mechanical and electrical. The detail technical specifications are listed below. MOTOR POWER SUPPLY CAPACITY SUPPLY VOLTAGE : Rated power - 91.5 KW Working power - 84.4 KW : 125 KVA : 415 V (current charge)

SUPPLY FREQUENCY : 50 Hz

54

TOWER CRANE

Various limit switches in a tower crane: All the limit switches are provided in a tower crane to avoid any type of accident. When the operator is absent minded then these limit switches protect the machines and avoid all type of accident by cut the electrical circuit. Over load limit switch : This limit switch works when we lift a weight more than the permissible limit of the crane. When a weight more than the given limit is lifted by the crane then this limit switch automatically cut the electrical circuit and so the no accident can take place. Movement limit switch: This limit switch is used in a tower crane to limit the swing movement of the tower boom from a permissible limit. Hoist limit switch: This limit switch is provided in a tower crane to control the vertical movement of weight lifted when it is moved in upward or downward direction. Hoisting height(m) Hoisting capacity max.(t) Radius (m) Fall a=2 a=4 10 ton Radius max Travelling 56 56 65
55

Attached 205 103

Hoisting

Radius min. Twin motor type Hoisting capacity(t) Speed(m/min) a=4 Hoisting capacity(t) Speed(m/min) Power (kW) Fall a=2

2.5 5 9~55 10 4.5~27.5 230/30/7.5 2.5 9~110 55 4.5~55

Drive mode 1 Slewing mechanism (fixed frequency) Drive mode 2 (variable frequency) Trolley travel mechanism

Clogged torque (Nm) 27.5 Speed (r/min) 0.6 Clogged torque (Nm) 2x7.5 Speed (r/min) 0~0.8 Power (kW) 5.5/3/1.1 Speed(m/min) 52/26/8.5 Travelling mechanism Speed(m/min) 23.52 Power (kW) 2x7.5 Speed(m/min) 0.54 Climbing mechanism Power (kW) 11 Hydraulic system pressure 30 (Mpa) Counter weight Jib length (m) 47.5 52.5 60 65 Mass (t) 19 20.6 25.63 27.53 Total power (kW) 91.5 (not including hydraulic pump station motor) Wheel X axle gauge(m) 6x6 Operating temperature -20 C~+40C Hoisting performance table for QTZ160F(JL6516) tower crane: R a=4 a=2 R a=4 a=2 R a=4 a=2 2.5-15 10 5 31 4.25 4.30 49 2.35 2.40 17 8.66 35 3.65 3.70 51 2.22 2.27 19 7.61 37 3.4 3.45 53 2.10 2.15 21 6.78 39 3.18 3.23 55 1.99 2.04 23 6.09 41 2.98 3.03 58 1.84 1.89 25 5.51 43 2.8 2.85 60 1.75 1.80 27 5.03 45 2.63 2.68 63 1.63 1.68 29 4.61 4.66 47 2.48 2.53 65 1.55 1.60 m ton ton m ton ton m ton ton

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MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
MECHANICAL ASPECT OF THE PROJECT: As mechanical mechineries are must needed component of any construction project so Simplex gives a lots of importance on mechanical dept and has developed a good mechanical dept with efficient mechanical personnel for BUUIPL,Rajarhat site to maintain whole mechanical mechineries , lab instruments etc which are essentially needed for completion our job within the given time period according our planning. VARIOUS TYPES OF MECHANICAL MACHINES: There are so many machines which are essentially needed for civil engineering projects. Here we concern about those machines which are effectively used for high rise building projects. Simplex has some own machines for high rise building projects. Again Simplex have to hire some machines from other agencies. Some such machines are listed below. Tower crane Vibrator Passenger hoist / Building hoist Builder hoist Jumbo drain pump Submersible pump Back hoe loader Tipper( Hyva) Diesel generator

TOWER CRANE: Tower crane is one of the most useful machine which is very much essential for high rise building construction specially for lifting heavy material in vertical direction as well as in horizontal direction. Typical details of a tower crane which is used in our project: Make : Jianglu Model : QTZ160 (JL6516) Capacity : 10 ton Boom length : 65 m Height of base mast : 4 m
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Height of general mast : 3 m Height of swing mast : 1.4 m Counter weight : 27530 kg

3800 kg

3800 kg 3800 kg 3800 kg 3800 kg 3500 kg 3130 kg 1900 kg 27530 kg 65 m

INSTALLATION OF FIXED BASE SECTION: Capacity plates / base plates, which are made of iron , are fixed on the pile cap by the nut extending from the pile cap and then the fixed base section is bolted on the base plate by the embedded anchor bolt.

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BASE SECTION

INSTALLATION OF THE UNDERCARRIAGE: First assemble the undercarriage and the cross-beam and then sling them on the concrete foundation , then fix and align them using clamp plates and M30 nuts.

HOISTING AND ASSEMBLING COUNTERWEIGHT BLOCKS: First we calculate the weight of counterweight blocks according to the jib length, sling the counterweight blocks on the counter-jib using a mobile crane. Collocate the counterweight blocks according to the jib length.

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AFTER INSTALLATION

VIBRATOR: Efficiency Frequency RPM Power : : : : 80% 50HZ 2830 2hp

There are two types of needle that is used for the vibrator 40mm : used for compaction for casting of beam and slab 60mm : used for compaction for casting of columns.

Needle consist of a hollow tube fitted with end cap by threading A solid shaft is inserted inside the hollow tube The solid shaft is not completely made up of iron rod but inside the rod oil is filled Oil is used to reduce the weight as well as work as coolant A hexagonal sap is there to connect the shaft of motor to the shaft of vibratos. PUMP : If the water pump bode is connected to the fry wheel of the generator then the whole setup works as water pump. On our project site single cylinder and double cylinder 4 stroke pumps are available. Single cylinder pump : 5KVA Double cylinder pump : 10KVA Piston diameter : 50mm

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JUMBO DRAIN PUMP:

Jumbo drain pump is used to pump water (specially muddy water) from the foundation. HYBA (TIPPER): For material transportation simplex has arranged a tipper of 10 cu m capacity for the BUUIPL, Rajarhat site for full time of the working period.

TIPPER

BAR CUTTING MACHINE: Bar cutting machine mechanical unit with foot and hand operated. Machine cutting capacity 8 mm to 42 mm Bar cutting machine are ideally suitable for large production .
DIAMETER OF BARS 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 NO. OF BARS TO BE CUT 8 6 4 2 1 1 1

BAR BENDING MACHINE:

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This machine has many advantages such as stable performance, fully automatic bending, manual button and highly safe. It is perfect equipment bending the small diameter steel and also an important complementary equipment of medium and large steel bar benders. EARTH COMPACTOR
POWER RPM FULE : 3.68 KW ( 5 hp) : : 3600 A CLASS

VACUUME DEWATERING PUMP

POWER PHASE VOLTAGE FREQUENCY : : : ; 7.5 hp 3 Phase 440 volt 50 HZ

MAN HOIST On our project site there are two types of man hoist are being used: Potential and Mekaster
SPECIFICATIONS Power Speed Capacity POTENTIAL 111 KW 2 (gear1 and gear2) 4 MEKASTER 18.4 KW 1 1

STORE
The store consists of various materials of various sizes and prices. All these items could not be acknowledged by human brain itself. Thus a systematic process has been made so as to make all the works of store easy and handy. This system is known as E.R.P (Enterprise Resource Planning). E.R.P consists of following systems: Master Purchase Order Inventory MASTER: Item master view Site asset view Supplier master
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Hired plant & machinery master PURCHASE: Indent (forwarding) Request for quotation Quotation Purchase order (P.O.) Inventory Inspection Inspection number Goods receipt note (G.R.N) Goods issue note (G.I.N) HIRING PURPOSE: Requisition for hiring requirement Order for hiring equipment Log sheet Billing Indent (cash) Inventory Cash goods receipt note Goods issue note

UTILITY OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME

The application of the theoretical aspects that were taught in the classrooms to the practical problems faced at the construction site. An idea about the actual nature of work in the field was acquired. Important lessons on management of human resources were learnt.
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Familiarization with the field conditions. Procedure of planning the day-to-day as well as the monthly and overall work. The process of preparing daily, monthly and quarterly reports was observed. The systematic nature of the work in the site was properly studied.

I am grateful to SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LTD for providing me this golden opportunity because now I am returning back with a huge pile of knowledge. I trust with my strongest confidence that what I learned in this training period will benefit me in future.

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