1

Example 11.1
a) Express
, ,
6 0
8 0
2 10 0.5 30
100 cos 2 10 0.5 30 /
100
y
j t z
y e
E t z v m as a phasor
E R e
r
r
-
= -
|
=

Drop R
e
and suppress e
jwt
term to get phasor
Therefore phasor form of E
ys
=
0
0.5 30
100
z
e
-
Whereas E
y
is real, E
ys
is in general complex.
Note: 0.5z is in radians;
0
30 in degrees.
Example 11.2
Given
0 0 0
1 0 0 3 0 2 0 5 0 4 0 2 1 0 , /
s
E a x a y a z V m = . . - .

find its time varying form representation

Let us rewrite
s
E

as
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
0 0 0
0 0 0
3 0 5 0 2 10
3 0 5 0 2 10
0 0 0
10 0 2 0 4 0 . /
10 0 2 0 4 0 /
10 0 c o s 3 0 2 0 c o s 5 0 4 0 c o s 2 10 /
j j j
s
j t
e s
j t j t j t
e
E e a x e a y e a z V m
E R E e
R e e e V m
E t t t V m
c
c c c
c c c
-
-
=
| . =

|
=
|

= -

None of the amplitudes or phase angles in this are expressed as a function of x,y or z.
Even if so, the procedure is still effective.
b) Consider
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
0 .1 2 0
0 .1 2 0
0 .1
2 0 /
2 0
2 0 c o s 2 0 /
, ,
: , ,
j z
j z
s
j t
e
z
x x
j t x
e x
j t
e x
H e a x A m
H t R e a x e
e t z a x A m
E E x y z
E
N o t e c o n s i d e r R E x y z e
t t
R j E e
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
-
=
|
=

= -
=
` `
| =

` `
| =

Therefore taking the partial derivative of any field quantity wrt time is equivalent to multiplying
the corresponding phasor by j e.
2
Example
Given
, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
0 0 .4
0
5 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 6 0 0 /
2 , 3,1 0
2 , 3,1 10 .
3, 4 , 2 2 0 .
j x
s
E a y j a z e V m
F i n d a
b E a t a t t
c E a t a t t n s
d E a t a t t n s
c
-
= . - -
=
=
=

a) From given data,

0 0
8
6
9
7
9
6
0 . 4
0 . 4 3 1 0
1 2 0 1 0
1 0
4 1 0
3 6
1 9 . 1 1 0 f H z
j c ,
c
r
r
-
-
-
= = ~

. = =

=
b) Given,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
0
0 0
0 0
0 0.4
4 0 0.4 7 1.565 0.4
0.4 4 0 0.4 7 1.565
0.4 4 0 0.4 7 1.565
500 4 0 200 600
500 632.4 56
500 632.4 56
500 632.4 56
500 cos 0
j x
s
j j x j j x
j x j x
j x j x
j t j t
e
E ay j az e
e e ay e e az
e ay e az
E t R e e ay e e az
t
c c
c
-
- - - -
- -
- -

= . - -
=
=
|
=
|

= -

, , , ,
, , , , , ,
0
0
.4 4 0 632.4 56 cos 0.4 7 1.565
2, 3,1 0 500 cos 0.4 4 0 632.4 56 0.4 7 1.565
36.29 7 29 1.07 6 /
x ay t x az
E at t x ay x az
ay az V m
c - - -
= = - - - -
= -

c)
3
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
6 9 0
6 9 0
10 2, 3,1
500 cos 120 10 10 10 0.4 2 4 0
632.4 56 cos 120 10 10 10 0.4 2 7 1.565
4 7 7 .823 4 17 .4 7 3 /
E at t n s at
ay
az
ay az V m
-
-
=
= - -
- -
=

d)
at t = 20 ns,
, ,
2, 3,1
4 38.7 36 631.64 4 /
E at
ay az V m =

D 11.2:
Given
, ,
0 0.07
2 4 0 3 20 /
j z
s
H ax ay e A m
-
= . - - .

for a UPW traveling in free space. Find

(a) e (b) H
x
at p(1,2,3) at t = 31 ns. (c) H

at t=0 at the origin.

(a) we have p = 0.07 ( )
j z
e term
j -
8 6
6
0 .0 7
0 .0 7
0 .0 7 3 10 2 1.0 10 / sec
2 1.0 10 / sec
r a d
r a d
c ,
c
,
. ~ =
= = =
~
=
(b)
4
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
0 0
4 0 0.07 20 0.07
0 0
0
6 0
6 9 0
3
2 3
2 cos 0.07 4 0 3 cos 0.07 20
( ) 2 cos 0.07 4 0
( ) 1, 2, 3
2 cos 2.1 10 0.21 4 0
31 sec; 2 cos 2.1 10 31 10 0.21 4 0
2 cos 651 10
j j z j j z j t
e
x
x
H t R e e ax e e ay e
t z ax t z ay
H t t z
H t at p
t
A t t n
c
c c
c
- - -
-
-
|
= -

= - - - -
= - -
= - -
= = - -
=

, ,
0
0.21 4 0
1.9 333 / A m
- -
=
(c)
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
0 2 c o s 0 .0 7 0 .7 3 c o s 0 .7 0 .3 5
2 c o s 0 .7 3 c o s 0 .3
1.5 3 2 .8 2
3 .2 0 6 6 6 /
H t a t t z a x z a y
H t a x a y
a x a y
A m
= = - - - -
= -
= -
=

In free space,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
, 1 2 0 s i n /
,
1 2 0
1 2 0
s i n
1 2 0 1 2 0
1
s i n
1
, s i n
y
x
y
x
E z t t z a y V m
f i n d H z t
E
w e h a v e
H
E
H t z a y
t z
H z t t z a x
c j
) r
c j
r r
c j
r
c j
r
= -
= - = -
. = - = - -
= - -
. = - -

Problem 3. J&B
Non uniform plans waves also can exist under special conditions. Show that the function
, ,
sin
z
F e x t
u
c
v
v
-
= -
satisfies the wave equation
2
2
2 2
1 F
F
c t
`
V =
`
provided the wave velocity is given by
5
2 2
2
1
c
e
u
v
c

=

'
Ans:
From the given eqn. for F, we note that F is a function of x and z,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
c o s
s i n
s i n
s i n
z
z
z
z
z
F F
F
x y
F
e x t
x
F e
e x t F
x
F
e x t
z
F
e x t F
z
u
u
u
u
u
c c
v
v v
c c c c
v
v v v v
c
v
v
c
u v u
v
-
-
-
-
-
` `
. V =
` `
`
= -
`
`

= - - = -

`
' '
`
= - -
`
`
= - =
`
, , , ,
, , , , , ,
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
c o s
si n
z
z
F F
d F
e x t
d t
d F
e x t
d t
F
u
u
c
u
v
c c
v v
v v
c c
v v v
v v
c
-
-

. V = -

'

= - -

'

= - - - -

'
= -
The given wave equation is
6
, ,
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
F
F
c t
F F
c
c
c
c
c c
c c
c
o r
c
c
u c
v
c c
u
v
c c
u
v
c
v
c
u
c
v
u u c
c
v
u
c
`
V =
`

. - = -

'
. - = -
=
=

. = =

Example
The electric field intensity of a uniform plane wave in air has a magnitude of 7 54 V/m and is
in the z direction. If the wave has a wave length = 2m and propagating in the y direction.
Find
(i) Frequency and | when the field has the form , , cos A t z c j - .
(ii) Find an expression for H

.
In air or free space,
8
3 10 / sec c m v = =
(i)
, ,
8
8
6
3 10
/ sec 1.5 10 15 0
2
2 2
3 .14 /
2
7 5 4 c o s 2 15 0 10
z
e
f m H z M H z
m
r a d m
m
E t y
i
r r
j
i
r r

= = = =
= = =
. = -
7
(ii)
For a wave propagating in the +y direction,
x z
z z
E E
H H
) = = -
For the given wave,
, ,
6
7 54 / ; 0
7 54 7 54
7 54 /
120 37 7
2 cos 2 150 10 /
z x
x
E V m E
H A m
H t y ax A m
)
r
r r
= =
. = = =
. = -

Example
find o for copper having o = 5.8*10
7
(u/m) at 50Hz, 3MHz, 30GHz.
7 7
3
2 2
3
3
3
5
6
3
7
6
2 1
1 1 1 1
4 10 5.8 10
1 1 1 66 10
4 5.8 23.2
66 10
( ) 9 .34 59 10
50
66 10
( ) 3.8105 10
3 10
66 10
( ) 3.8105 10
3 10
f
f
f f
f
i m
i i m
i i i m
o
c , o r , o
r r
r r
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
= =
=

= = =

= =

= =

= =