UNIT 2
REAL NUMBERS
REAL NUMBERS
Lesson 1 Rational Numbers on the Number Line
Lesson 2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers
Lesson 3 Multiplying Rational Numbers
Lesson 4 Dividing Rational Numbers
Lesson 5 Statistics: Displaying and Analyzing Data
Lesson 6 Probability: Simple Probability and Odds
Lesson 7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
RATIONAL NUMBERS
on the
NUMBER LINE
Example 1 Identify Coordinates on a Number Line
Example 2 Graph Numbers on a Number Line
Example 3 Absolute Value of Rational Numbers
Example 4 Expressions with Absolute Value
Name the coordinates of the points graphed on the number
line.
The bold arrow on the graph indicates that the graph continues
infinitely in that direction.
a.
b.
Answer:
Graph {–1.5, 0, 1.5, …}.
Answer:
Graph {integers less than –6 or greater than or
equal to 1}.
Answer:
Graph each set of numbers.
a. {–5, 2, 3, 5}
Answer:
b.
Answer:
c. {integers less than or equal to –2 or greater than 4}
Answer:
Find .
Answer:
Find .
Answer:
Find each absolute value.
a. Answer:
b. Answer: 6.3
Replace y with 12.
Answer: Simplify.
Answer: 10
ADDING and SUBTRACTING
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Use a Number Line to Add Rational Numbers
Example 2 Add Rational Numbers
Example 3 Subtract Rational Numbers to Solve
a Problem
Use a number line to find .
–5
+8
Answer:
Use a number line to find .
–4 –1
Answer:
Use a number line to find each sum.
a. Answer: –3
b. Answer: –9
Find .
Answer:
Find each sum.
a. Answer: –17
b. Answer:
Stocks In the past year, a publishing company’s stock went
from $52.08 per share to $70.87 per share. Find the change
in the price of the stock.
Explore The stock price began at $52.08 per share and ended
at $70.87. You need to determine the change in price
for the year.
Plan Subtract to find the change in price.
70.87 52.08
Solve
Answer: –$11.89
MULTIPLY
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Multiply Integers
Example 2 Simplify Expressions
Example 3 Multiply Rational Numbers
Example 4 Multiply Rational Numbers to Solve
a Problem
Example 5 Evaluate Expressions
Find (–8)(–6).
Answer: 48
Find (10)(–11).
Answer: –110
Find each product.
b. (–6)(–12) Answer: 72
Simplify the expression
Substitution
Distributive Property
Answer: Simplify.
Simplify the expression
Answer: 3x
Find
Answer:
Find
Answer:
Stocks The value of a company’s stock dropped by $1.25 per
share. By what amount did the total value of the company’s
stock change if the company has issued 500,000 shares of
stock?
To find the change in the total value of the company’s stock,
multiply the price lost per share by the number
of shares.
Answer: –$140,000
Substitution
Divide.
a. Answer: 20
b. Answer: –15
Simplify
Multiply.
Answer: 3
Find .
of
a. Answer: 15.3
b. Answer:
Baseball The perimeter of a square baseball diamond is 360
feet. Find the length of one side of the diamond.
Multiply by
Answer: Simplify.
Simplify
Answer:
Evaluate if w = 2, x = –9.1 and y = 4.
Answer: –14.375
STATISTICS
DISPLAYING and ANALYZING
DATA
Example 1 Create a Line Plot
Example 2 Use a Line Plot to Solve a Problem
Example 3 Create a Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Example 4 Back-to-Back Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Example 5 Analyze Data
Example 6 Determine the Best Measure of
Central Tendency
Draw a line plot for the data.
11 –2 10 –2 7 2 7 4 9 0 6 9 7 2 0 4 10 7 6 9
Answer:
Traffic The highway patrol did a radar survey of the
speeds of cars along a stretch of highway for 1 minute.
The speeds (in miles per hour) of the 20 cars that passed
are listed below.
72 70 72 74 68 69 70 72 74 75
79 75 74 72 70 64 69 66 68 67
Make a line plot of the data.
The lowest value is 64 and the highest value is 79, so use a scale
that includes those values. Place an × above each value for each
occurrence.
Answer:
Which speed occurs the most frequently?
6 4 8 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 6 2 4 4 4
a. Make a line plot of the data.
Answer:
3 5 7 11 10 15 21 11
13 25 32 37 21 10 12
Monthly Average
High Temperature
Dallas Atlanta
54 59 68 77 50 55 64 72
83 91 95 95 75 85 88 87
87 78 66 57 81 72 63 54
Make a stem-and-leaf plot to compare the data.
To compare the data we can use a back-to-back stem-and-leaf
plot. Since the data represent similar measurements, the plot
will share a common stem.
Answer: Dallas Stem Atlanta
9 7 4 5 0 4 5
8 6 6 3 4
8 7 7 2 2 5
7 3 8 1 5 7 8
5 5 1 9
What is the difference between the highest average
temperatures in each city?
Answer: 95 – 88 or 7°
Which city has higher average temperatures?
Class A Class B
87 96 99 76
81 51 62 57
92 98 77 83
76 75 72 85
71 64 69 91
a. Make a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot to compare the
data.
Answer: 1 point
Answer: Class A
Which measure of central tendency best represents the
data?
Stem Leaf
4 11244458
5 0
6 257
7 39
8 1
Determine the mean, median, and mode.
The mean is about 5.5. Add the data and divide by 15.
21 22 18 23 15 25
14 32 13 33 13 54
The mean is about 23.6. Add the data and divide by 12.
The median is 21.5. The middle value is 21.5.
The mode is 13. The most frequent value is 13.
Answer: Either the mean or median can be used to best
represent the data. The mode is too low.
The number of points scored by the basketball team during
each game in the season is listed below. Which measure of
central tendency best represents the data?
48 45 52 63 59 64 67 72 58
51 81 62 73 68 82 73 70 65
Sample space: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
6 possible
outcomes
Answer:
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find
P(black).
There are 6 students with black hair and 20 total students.
number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes
Simplify.
hair is
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find P(red
or brown).
There are 2 students with red hair and 8 students with brown
hair. So there are 2 + 8 or 10 students with red or brown
hair.
Simplify.
Answer: The probability of selecting a student with red
or brown hair is
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find P(not
blonde).
There are 6 + 8 + 2 or 16 students who do not have blonde
hair.
number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes
Simplify.
Answer:
Answer:
c. A gumball machine contains 40 red gumballs, 30 green
gumballs, 50 yellows gumballs, and 40 blue gumballs.
Find P(green or yellow).
Answer:
Answer:
Find the odds of rolling a number greater than 2.
There are six possible outcomes, 4 are successes and 2 are
failures.
4 numbers greater
than 2
Sample space: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
2 numbers
less than or
equal to 2
Answer: The odds of rolling a number greater than
Find the odds of rolling a number less than 4.
Answer:
A card is selected at random from a standard deck of
52 cards. What are the odds against selecting a 2 or 3?
Answer: 10:3
Travel Melvin is waiting to
board a flight to Washington,
D.C. According to the airline, the flight he is waiting for is on
time 80% of the times it flies. What are the odds that the
plane will be on time?
The probability that the plane will be on time is 80%, so the
probability that it will not be on time is 20%.
Answer: The odds that the plane will be on time are 4:1.
If the probability that it will snow this weekend is 70%, what
are the odds that it will snow?
Answer: 7:3
SQUARE ROOTS
and
REAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Find Square Roots
Example 2 Classify Real Numbers
Example 3 Graph Real Numbers
Example 4 Compare Real Numbers
Example 5 Order Real Numbers
Example 6 Rational Approximation
Find .
roots of
Answer:
Find .
Answer:
Find each square root.
a. Answer:
b. Answer: 0.6
Name the set or sets of numbers to which
belongs.
a. Answer: rationals
The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to the left of 8 are
included in the graph. The dot at 8 indicates that 8 is included
in the graph.
Graph .
The heavy arrow indicates that all the points to the right of –5
are included in the graph. The circle at –5 indicates that –5 is
not included in the graph.
Graph each solution set.
a.
Answer:
b.
Answer:
Replace the • with <, >, or = to make the
sentence true.
Answer:
Replace the • with <, >, or = to make the
sentence true.
Answer:
Replace each • with <, >, or = to make each
sentence true.
a. Answer: <
b. Answer: <
Write in order from least
or about 2.4495
or about 2.4444
greatest are
Write in order from least
to greatest.
Answer:
Multiple-Choice Test Item
A –5 B 0 C D 5
replacement set.
Solve the Test Item
Replace x in with each given value.
Use a calculator.
0.447214 < 1 < 2.236068 True
D
Use a calculator.
2.236068 < 1 < 0.447214 False
A 3 B –3 C 0 D
Answer: A
THIS IS THE END
OF THE SESSION
BYE!