EE72 -PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR SEVENTH SEMESTER TWO MARKS QUESTION &ANSWERS Unit I

1. Write the effects of power system faults? 2. How is arcing ground avoided? Arcing ground can be avoided using Peterson coil. 3. What is backup protection Is the second line of defence, which operates if the primary protection fails to activate within a definite time delay. 4. What is need for earthing Neutral grounding is important to a power system, because The earth fault protection is based on the method of neutral earthing The system voltage during earth fault depends on neutral earthing It has associated switchgear Its provided basically for the purpose of protection against arcing grounds, unbalanced voltages with respect to earth, protection from lightning and for improvement of the system 5. Why Peterson coil is necessary? The arcing ground is eliminated in this method of grounding. The system is approximated to the isolated neutral system, in which one or two healthy phases continue to supply power and the complete shutdown on the system is avoided

6. What is meant by insulation coordination?

Grading of withstand level of apparatus equipment with the protective levels of surge arresters and co-ordination at entire voltage level and various other voltage levels
7. List out the types of faults in power system? I. Symmetrical faults II. Unsymmetrical faults L-L faults L-G faults L-L-G faults Winding faults Simultaneous faults

8. Difference between primary and backup protection? PRIMARY PROTECTION: Is the protection in which the fault occurring in a line will be cleared by its own relay and circuit breaker. It serves as the first line of defence. BACKUP PROTECTION Is the second line of defence, which operates if the primary protection fails to activate within a definite time delay.

9. Mention the essential features of the power system protection? 10. What is the need for protection zones in the system?

Protected zones are those which are directly protected by a protective system such as relays, fuses or switchgears. If a fault occurring in a zone can be immediately detected and or isolated by a protection scheme dedicated to that particular zone.
11. What are the essential qualities of protective relaying? I. Selectivity II. Reliability III. Sensitivity IV. Stability V. Fast operation 12. What are the causes of faults in power systems? Internal causes Switching surges Insulation failure Arcing ground Resonance External faults Lightning

13. What are the function of protective relaying? To detect the fault and initiate the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system, thereby protecting the system from damages consequent to the fault. 14. What is common protective schemes which are used for modern power system protection I. Over current protection II. Distance protection III. Carrier-current protection IV. Differential protection