COMPOSITION

BODY FLUIDS

SOLUTES

WATER

ELECTROLYTES

NON ELECTROLYTES

Na, K, Ca, Mg

Glucose, Urea, O2, CO2

CONCEPTS 1. Changes in normal composition and distribution of the body fluids usually occur in response to any trauma and illness. 2. This changes affects the fluid balance of intracellular and extracellular compartment of the body, the concentration of electrolytes within fluid compartment and bodies hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 3. The fluid volume, electrolyte composition and pH of both intracellular and extracellular spaces must remain constant within narrow range to maintain homeostasis. DISTRIBUTION Fluid Compartment: 1. Intracellular Fluid (ICF) 40% of body weight Inside the cell 2. Extracellular Fluid (ECF) 20% of body weight a. Intravascular Fluid 5 % o Inside the blood vessels b. Interstitial Fluid 15 % o In between the cells

COMPOSITION 1. WATER FUNCTION: 1. Main/Primary component 2. To maintain normal cellular function 3. Provide the medium for transport and exchange of nutrients and other substances including Oxygen Carbon dioxide, metabolic waste product going in and out of the cells. 4. Provide a medium for metabolic reaction within the cells. 5. Assist in regulating body temperature, through the process of evaporation and perspiration 6. Provide form for body structure and act as shock absorber 7. Act as a lubricant HOMEOSTASIS 1. Bodies tendency to maintain a state of physiologic balance in the essence with constantly changing condition 2. Homeostasis is necessary for the body to function optimally at a cellular level and as a total organism 3. Depends on multiple factor in both internal and external environment including available Oxygen, nutrients, body temperature, respiration and digestive process. 4. The normal volume, composition, distribution of body fluids reflects state the homeostasis. 5. Volume of fluids 60% of total body weight 6. Fat cells contain less water 7. Maintain normal fluid balance water intake and output should be approximately equal.

GAIN

SOURCE Oral intake Water in food By product of metabolism

AMOUNT 1200cc 1000cc 300cc=2500cc 1500cc 200cc 300cc 500cc=2500cc

LOSS

Urine Feces Perspiration Respiration

BODY FLUIDS TRANSPORT STARLING LAW OF CONCENTRATION o Volume reabsorbed must be similar to volume filtered

RAPID EXCHANGE OF GASES AND METABOLLIC SUBSTANCES BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE CELLS
TWO OPPOSING FACTORS: 1. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Depends on ventricular pressure or the pressure inside the ventricles especially left ventricle PUSHING FORCE 2. COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE/ONCOTIC Depends on plasma proteins/albumin (3.5-5.5mg/dl) PULLING FORCE

ARTERY

ARTERIOLES

CAPILLARY

VENULES

VEINS

ARTERIAL END:HP>COP o Fluids diffusible solutes moves out with the capillaries (Carbon Dioxide, waste products o Process involve called REABSORPTION

 VENOUS END:COP>HP o Fluids and some solutes involves into the capillary (Oxygen, nutrients) o Process involve called FILTRATION SVC/IVCRATVRVPVPALUNGSPVLAMVLVAVAORTASYST EM KIDNEYOXYGEN IN BLOODRENAL ARTERYARTERIOLES CAPILLARY BED HP>COP CO2, WASTE PRODUCTS TRANSCELLULAR FLUID 1. CSF 2. Digestive juices 3. Ocular fluid 4. Godonal fluids 5. Joint fluid 2. SOLUTES a. ELECTROLYTES This are chemical compounds that can either remain intact in a solution or separate in discrete particles This are also called Substances dissociate into solution to form charge particles called ion o CATION (+) Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Fluoride Phosphate COP>HP O2, NUTRIENTS TAKEN BY THE CELL

o ANION (-)

 FUNCTION:

Bicarbonate

o Assist in regulating water balance o Regulate and maintain acid base balance o Essential for neuromuscular activity o Contribute to enzyme reaction BODY FLUID MOVEMENT 1. OSMOSIS The process by which water moves across a permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration Primary process that control body fluids movement but ICF and ECF compartment 2. DIFFUSION Process by which solute molecule moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area low solute concentration 3. FILTRATION Movement of water and solute from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure 4. ACTIVE TRANSPORT Allows molecule to move across the cell membrane and epithelial membranes across a concentration gradient. BODY FLUID REGULATION