Stoichiometry
X 6.022 x 1023
Grams
Moles A
Atoms
X molar mass
/ 6.022 x 1023
X Mole
Ratio
/ molar mass
X 6.022 x 1023
Grams
Moles B
Atoms
Gas stoichiometry
/ molar mass
X 22.4
Grams
Moles A
Liters @ STP
X molar mass
/ 22.4
X Mole
Ratio
/ molar mass
X 22.4
-
Grams
Moles B
Liters @ STP
X molar mass
/ 22.4
Balancing Redox
1) Bring down target element with compound (oxidation half-reaction first.)
2) Balance target elements.
3) Balance other elements (except O & H.)
4) Balance oxygen by adding H2O.
5) Balance hydrogen by adding H+.
6) Make any net charges balance using electrons.
7) When both half reactions are balanced combine them by multiplying by the lowest
common multiple.
pH
- log
[OH-]
pOH
antilog
10-14
#
14
#
- log
[H3O+]
pH
antilog
Solutions
Molarity: M = moles / L
Titrations: M1V1 = M2V2
Gas Laws
Combined Gas Law:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
Variable
P
V
T
R
Quantity
Pressure
Volume
Temp
Constant
Moles
Units
Atm
L
K
0.0821 L
atm
mol K
moles
Thermodynamics
Specific heat: q = (cp)(m)(t)
Free Energy: G = H TS
Variable Quantity Units
q
Heat
J
cp
Specific J/(g K)
heat
m
Mass
G
t
Temp
K or 0C
G
Free
kJ/mol
energy
H
Enthalpy kJ/mol
T
Temp
K
S
Entropy kJ/mol
Electrochemistry
E0cell = E0cathode E0anode
Ch. 1 Worksheet
1. Classify each of the following as a homogenous or heterogeneous substance.
a. _______________ Soda pop
b. _______________ Salt
c. _______________ Salt water
d. _______________ Desk
e. _______________ Raisin Bran Cereal
f. _______________ Gold
g. _______________ Air
2. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change.
a. _______________ Ice melting
b. _______________ Paper burning
c. _______________ Metal rusting
d. _______________ Gas under pressure
e. _______________ Liquid evaporating
f. _______________ Food digesting
3. Why is the decomposition of mercury (II) oxide into liquid mercury and oxygen
gas a chemical change and not a physical one?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Draw a diagram that compares the arrangement of atoms in a solid, liquid, and
gas.
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Gas
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6.
M
_____ Amount of matter an object has
A. Homogeneous Mixture
B. Mass
C. Physical Property
E. Heterogeneous Mixture
F. Chemical Property
G. Atom
20. You produce a device that requires fluorine, atomic symbol F, to function. If you
were unable to find fluorine, which element would be the best replacement?
___________________________
21. What do elements of the same group in the periodic table have in common?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
22. What do elements in the same period have in common?
9. 0.0000654 __________
2. 0.008
__________
10. 19.8
__________
3. 42
__________
11. 0.0094
__________
4. 0.7
__________
12. 327
__________
5. 32100 __________
13. 0.228
__________
6. 1066
__________
14. 314
__________
7. 0.722
__________
15. 0.0224
__________
16. 1239
__________
8. 87992 __________
Make the following metric conversions. Where necessary put your answer in
scientific notation.
23. 4.3 liters =
____________ milliliters
____________ grams
____________ kilograms
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
6) 0.3609 mL
__________
7) 500000 m
__________
8) 86000. mg
__________
9) 8955.0 g
__________
10) 87200 mL
__________
Solve each problem. State your answer in the proper number of significant figures.
11) 1.0 + 13.45
__________
12) 9.2 - 5
13) 5.800 + 0.4289
14) 5.3 2.104
15) 123.45 + 0.82
16) 37.0 / 4
17) 0.63 X 9.754
18) 40.0 / 8.74
19) 0.02384 X 1.37
20) 2.2 X 7.776
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Atomic
symbol
C
Atomic
number
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
8
12
24
31
40
40
30
98
183
W
105
95
Cr
89
35
42
71
243
27
83
90
Md
Atomic
mass
209
142
259
Se
80
40
91
CsOH
3)
BaCl2
4)
FeF3
5)
AlCl3
6)
SiCl2F2
7)
Mg3(PO4)2
8)
SO3
9)
HNO3
10)
UF6
11)
(NH4)2CO3
12)
Al2O3
13)
Pb(CH3COO)2
14)
Ga2(CrO4)3
Grams/Moles Calculations
Given the following, find the number of moles:
1)
25 grams of H3PO4
2)
Moles: __________
47 grams of HF
3)
Moles: ___________
124 grams of NaHCO3
4)
Moles: ___________
0.25 grams of FeCl3
5)
Moles: ___________
856 grams of Ra(OH)2
6)
Moles: ___________
454 grams of copper
7)
Moles: ___________
28.3 grams of CO2
8)
Moles: ____________
94 grams of Pb(CH3COO)4
Moles: _____________
Given the following, find the number of grams:
9)
10)
Grams: __________
7.3 moles of C6H6
11)
Grams: __________
17.4 moles of BaCO3
12)
Grams: __________
3.9 moles of (NH4)3PO3
13)
Grams: __________
8.5 x 10-2 moles of SnO
14)
Grams: __________
8.9 moles of ZnO
15)
Grams: ___________
2.8 moles of K2SO4
16)
Grams: ___________
93.5 moles of NI3
Grams: __________
Molecules: __________
2)
Molecules: __________
3)
Grams: ____________
4)
Grams: ____________
5)
Grams: ____________
6)
Molecules: __________
7)
Molecules: __________
8)
Molecules: ___________
9)
Molecules: ___________
10)
Grams: _____________
11)
Molecules: ___________
12)
Grams: ______________
13)
Grams: _____________
14)
Molecules: ____________
15)
Grams: ______________
16)
Molecules: ____________
Magnesium
______________________________________________________
2)
Cobalt
______________________________________________________
3)
Krypton
______________________________________________________
4)
Beryllium
______________________________________________________
5)
Scandium
______________________________________________________
Nickel
______________________________________________________
7)
Cadmium
______________________________________________________
8)
Selenium
______________________________________________________
9)
Strontium
______________________________________________________
10)
Lithium ______________________________________________________
Chapter 4 Review
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1.
Compare and contrast Hunds rule with the Pauli exclusion principle.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Write the electron configuration and orbital notation for each of the following
Atoms.
3.
Silicon
4.
Carbon
5.
Argon
6.
Magnessium
7.
Bromine
8.
Beryllium
9.
a.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____ ____
1s
2s
2px 2py 2pz
b.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Principal: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Angular Momentum: ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Magnetic: _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Spin: _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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