Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

Quadratic Functions

1. (b), (c), (d), (e) and (h)

1
1
(d) f (x) = 2 (x 3)2 +
4
2
1
= (x 3)2 +
2

2. f (x) = 4x2 8x + 6
When x = 2,
f (2) = 4(2)2 8(2) + 6
= 16 + 16 + 6
= 38

1
Therefore, the minimum value is .
2
1
2
(e) f (x) = [6 (x + 1) ] + 5
3
1
= 2 (x + 1)2 + 5
3
1
= (x + 1)2 + 7
3
Therefore, the maximum value is 7.

3. f (x) = x2 3x + 2
When f (x) = 0,
x2 3x + 2 = 0
(x 1)(x 2) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 1 or
x=2

(f) The minimum value is 3.

8. (a) f (x) = x2 4x + 2

4. f (x) = 3x2 + 5x 1
When f (x) = 1,
3x2 + 5x 1 = 1
2
3x + 5x 1 1 = 0
3x2 5x + 2 = 0
(3x 2)(x 1) = 0
3x 2 = 0 or x 1 = 0
2 or
x =
x =1
3
5. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

4 2
4 2
= x2 4x + + 2
2
2
= (x 2)2 4 + 2
= (x 2)2 2
Hence, the minimum value is 2.
(b) f (x) = 2x2 + 6x 5
= 2(x2 + 3x) 5
3 2
3
= 2 x2 + 3x +
2
2

3 2 9
=2 x+ 5
2
4
2

3
9
=2x+ 5
2
2

(f)

3 2 19
= 2 x +
2
2
6. (a) Two different real roots
(b) One real root or two similar real roots
(c) No real roots

19
Hence, the minimum value is .
2
(c) f (x) = x2 + 5x

5 2
5
= x2 + 5x +
2
2
2
5
25
= x +
2
4

7. (a) The minimum value is 3.

(b) The maximum value is 4.
(c) The minimum value is 10.

25
Hence, the minimum value is .
4

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(d) f (x) = 6x x2
= (x2 6x)

(i) f (x) = (1 4x)(x + 2)

= x + 2 4x2 8x
= 4x2 7x + 2
7
= 4 x2 + x + 2
4
7
7 2
7 2
= 4 x2 + x + + 2
4
8
8
2
7
49
= 4 x + + 2
8
64
2
7
49
= 4 x + + + 2
8
16
2
7
81
= 4 x + +
8
16
81
Hence, the maximum value is .
16

6 2
6 2
= x2 6x +
2
2
= [(x 3)2 9]
= (x 3)2 + 9
Hence, the maximum value is 9.

9. (a) f (x) = x2 4
Therefore, the minimum point is (0, 4).

(f) f (x) = 4x 2x2

= 2x2 + 4x
= 2(x2 2x)

2 2
= 2 x 2x +
2
= 2[(x 1)2 1]
= 2(x 1)2 + 2
Hence, the maximum value

(e) f (x) = 3 4x x2
= x2 4x + 3
= (x2 + 4x) + 3
4 2
4 2
= x2 + 4x + + 3
2
2
= [(x + 2)2 4] + 3
= (x + 2)2 + 4 + 3
= (x + 2)2 + 7
Hence, the maximum value is 7.

f (x)

12

f (x)

is 2.

12

(g) f (x) = 10 + 5x 3x
= 3x2 + 5x + 10
5
= 3 x2 x + 10
3

+ 10

5
5 2
5
= 3 x2 x +
3
6
6

0
4

(b) f (x) = 3x2 + 5

Therefore, the minimum point is (0, 5).

5 2 25
= 3 x + 10
6
36

5
25
= 3 x + + 10
6
12

f (x)

32

f (x)

5 2 145
= 3 x +
6
12

32

145
Hence, the maximum value is .
12
(h) f (x) = (2x 1)(x + 3)
= 2x2 + 5x 3
5
= 2 x2 + x 3
2
5
5 2
5
= 2 x2 + x +
2
4
4
2
5
25
= 2 x + 3
4
16
2
5
25
= 2 x + 3
4
8
2
5
49
= 2 x +
4
8

8
5
1 0

(c) f (x) = 8 x2
Therefore, the maximum point is (0, 8).

f (x)

f (x)
8

49
Hence, the minimum value is .
8

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x
3

0
3
8 1

8 3

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(d) f (x) = 10 2x2

Therefore, the maximum point is (0, 10).

(g) f (x) = (x 3)2 + 5

Therefore, the maximum point is (3, 5).

f (x)

22

f (x)

20

f (x)

5 3 +
5
3
0

f (x)

(3, 5)

10
3
5

0
8

2 40 3 5

3 + 5 6

22
20

(e) f (x) = x(x + 2)

= x2 + 2x
= x2 + 2x + 12 12
= (x + 1)2 1
Therefore, the minimum point is (1, 1).

(h) f (x) = x2 + 4x + 5
= x2 + 4x + 22 22 + 5
= (x + 2)2 + 1
Therefore, the minimum point is (2, 1).

f (x)

f (x)

10

f (x)

f (x)
8

10
5
2 0
(1,1)

(f) f (x) = (x 1)(2x + 1)

= 2x2 x 1
x
= 2 x2 1
2
x
1 2
1
= 2 x2 +
2
4
4

(2, 1)

x
1

(i) f (x) = 2x2 + 6x 8

= 2(x2 + 3x) 8
3 2
3
= 2 x2 + 3x +
2
2
2
3
9
=2 x+ 8
2
4
2
3
9
=2x+ 8
2
2
2
3
25
= 2 x +
2
2

1
2

1 2
1
= 2 x 1
4
16
1 2 1
=2x 1
4
8
1 2 9
=2x
4
8

25
3
Therefore, the minimum point is ( , ).
2
2

9
1
Therefore, the minimum point is (, ).
8
4
x

f (x)

f (x)

12

f(x)
12

f(x)
5

2
0
1

1
1
2

x
1 2

3 25
)
( ,
2
2

x
1
1
9
,
4
8

0
8

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(j) f (x) = (x 4)2

Therefore, the minimum point is (4, 0).
x

f (x)

16

(c)

x2 3x 4  0
(x 4)(x + 1)  0
f (x)

f (x)

1 0

16

The range of values of x is x  1 or x  4.

(d)

1
0

x
4 5

2x2 + 5x 3  0
(2x 1)(x + 3)  0
f (x)

(k) f (x) = x2 + 6x 9
= (x2 6x) 9
= (x2 6x + 32 32) 9
= [(x 3)2 9] 9
= (x 3)2
Therefore, the maximum point is (3, 0).
x

f (x)

1
The range of values of x is 3  x  .
2
(e) (x 3)(x + 2)
x2 x 6
x2 x 2
(x 2)(x + 1)

f (x)

 4
 4
0
0

(3, 0)

f (x)

0
1

0 1

1 0

The range of values of x is 1  x  2.

(f)
10. (a) x(x 2)
0

(2x 1)(x 3)
2x2 6x x + 3
2x2 11x + 15
(x 3)(2x 5)

f (x)

 4(x 3)
 4x 12
0
0

f (x)

x
2

The range of values of x is x  0 or x
2.

5
The range of values of x is  x  3.
2

(b) (x 3)(x 4)  0
f (x)

(g)

x
3

The range of values of x is 3  x  4.

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x
5 3

x2 + 4

5
x2 + 4
x2 + 4
x2 10x + 9
(x 1)(x 9)

 2x 1
 5(2x 1)
 10x 5
0
0

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

4.

f (x)

x (x + 2)
3
x2 + 2x 3
0
(x + 3)(x 1)
0
f (x)

0 1

The range of values of x is 1  x  9.

(h)

x (1 4x)
x 4x2 5x + 8
4x2 4x + 8
x2 + x 2
(x + 2)(x 1)

x
1

The range of values of x is x  3 or x
1.

5. f (x) =
=
=
=
=

f (x)

 5x 8
0
0
0
0

2x2 12x + 5
2(x2 6x) + 5
2[(x 3)2 32] + 5
2(x 3)2 18 + 5
2(x 3)2 13

p = 2, q = 3 ,

r + 1 = 13
r = 14

The range of values of x is x  2 or x  1.

6. (a) f (x) = x2 + 6px + 1 4p2
= (x2 6px) + 1 4p2
6p 2
6p 2
= x2 6px + + 1 4p2
2
2
= [(x 3p)2 9p2] + 1 4p2
= (x 3p)2 + 9p2 + 1 4p2
= (x 3p)2 + 1 + 5p2
The maximum value given is q2 p.
Therefore, q2 p = 1 + 5p2
5p2 + p + 1 = q2

1+7
1. (a) x-coordinate of the maximum part =
2
=4
Therefore, the equation of the axis of symmetry
is x = 4.
(b) f (x) = p (x + q)2
= 5 (x 4)2

(b) x = 3 is symmetrical axis

3p = 3
p=1

2. f (x) = 2x2 16x + k2 + 2k + 1

= 2(x2 8x) + k2 + 2k + 1
8 2
8 2
= 2 x2 8x + + k2 + 2k + 1
2
2
= 2[(x 4)2 16] + k2 + 2k + 1
= 2(x 4)2 32 + k2 + 2k + 1
= 2(x 4)2 + k2 + 2k 31

Substitute p = 1 into 5p2 + p + 1 = q2,

5(1)2 + 1 + 1 = q2
q2 = 7
7
q =

Hence, p = 1, q = 7

Given minimum value = 28,

k2 + 2k 31 = 28
k2 + 2k 3 = 0
(k + 3)(k 1) = 0
k = 3, 1

4 + 0
1. x-coordinate of maximum point =
2
= 2

3. (a) f (x) = 2(x 3)2 + k

p is the x-coordinate of the minimum point.
Therefore, p = 3.

Equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2

(b) k is the minimum value of f(x).

Therefore, k = 4.
(c) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3.

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

1
x + p = 0 when x = 1,
2
1
1 + p = 0
2
1

p=1
2
p=2

2. Let x be the x-coordinate of A

0+x =3

2
x=6
The coordinates of A are (6, 4).
3. Let x be the x-coordinate of A
x+6 =2

2
x=46
x = 2
The coordinates of A are (2, 0).

8. Given (p, 2q) is the minimum point of

y = 2x2 4x + 5
= 2(x2 2x) + 5
= 2(x2 2x + 12 12) + 5
= 2[(x 1)2 1] + 5
= 2(x 1)2 2 + 5
= 2(x 1)2 + 3

0+8
4. x-coordinate of A =
2
=4

2q = 3
3
q=
2

Let C be the centre of OB,

A

p1=0
p=1

O
2

9. (a) Since (1, 4) is the point on y = x2 2kx + 1,

substitute x = 1, y = 4 into the equation,
4 = 12 2k(1) + 1
2k = 2
k = 1

AC = OA OC
= 52 42
=9
AC = 3

The coordinates of A are (4, 3).

(b) y = x2 2(1)x + 1
= x2 + 2x + 1
= (x + 1)2

0+4
5. x-coordinate of minimum point =
2
=2
x-coordinate of minimum point for the image is 2.

Minimum value of y is 0.
10. f (x) =
=
=
=
=
=

6. (a) y = (x p) + q and minimum point is (2, 1)

Hence, p = 2 and q = 1
(b) y = (x 2)2 1
When y = 0,
(x 2)2 1 = 0
(x 2)2 = 1
x 2 = 1
x = 1 + 2
= 1, 3

Since 13 is the maximum value,

then 15 + k = 13
k = 2
11. f (x) = 2x2 6x + 7
= 2(x2 3x) + 7
3 2
3
= 2 x2 3x +
2
2
2
3
9
=2 x +7
2
4
2
3
9
=2x +7
2
2
2
3
5
=2x +
2
2

Hence, A is (1, 0) and B is (3, 0).

1
7. f (x) = 2k + 1 x + p
2
Given (1, k) is the maximum point.
Therefore, 2k + 1 = k
k = 1

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x2 8x + k 1
(x2 + 8x) + k 1
(x2 + 8x + 42 42) + k 1
[(x + 4)2 16] + k 1
(x + 4)2 + 16 + k 1
(x + 4)2 + 15 + k

+7

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

Maximum point is (2, 1).

3 5
The minimum point is (, ).
2 2
x

f (x)

15

10

f (x)

1 0

15

3
(2, 1)

5
7

3
5
,
2 2
10

The range is 10  y  1.

5
The range is  f (x)  15.
2

15. y = 9 (x 3)2
Maximum point is (3, 9).

12. f (x) = 5 4x 2x2

= 2x2 4x + 5
= 2(x2 + 2x) + 5
= 2(x2 + 2x + 12 12) + 5
= 2[(x + 1)2 1] + 5
= 2(x + 1)2 + 2 + 5
= 2(x + 1)2 + 7

y
(3, 9)
7

When f (x) = 1,
2(x + 1)2 + 7 = 1
2(x + 1)2 = 8
(x + 1)2 = 4
x + 1 = 2
x = 2 1
= 3 or 1

1 0

6 7

The range is 0  y  9.
16.

13. y = (x 3)2 4
Minimum point is (3, 4).

3x2  x
3x2 x  0
x(3x 1)  0
f (x)

12

5
x

12

1
The range is 0  x  .
3
5

1 0

17.

x
1

5 6
(3, 4)

The range is 4  y  12.

3x x2  1

2
3x x2  2
x2 + 3x 2  0
x2 3x + 2  0
(x 1)(x 2)  0
f (x)

14. y = x2 + 4x 5
= (x2 4x) 5
= (x2 4x + 22 22) 5
= [(x 2)2 4] 5
= (x 2)2 + 4 5
= (x 2)2 1

x
1

The range is x  1 or x  2.
7

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(b) Let f (x) = a(x b)2 + c

f (x) = a(x 2)2 + 0
f (x) = a(x 2)2

18. Given that x 2y = 1,

x = 1 + 2y .......................................
Substitute into y + 3
2xy,
y + 3
2(1 + 2y)y
y + 3
2y + 4y2
0
4y2 + y 3
0
(4y 3)(y + 1)

Substitute x = 0, f (x) = 3 into the equation,

3 = a(0 2)2
= 4a
3
a=
4

f (y)

Hence, the quadratic function is

3
f (x) = (x 2)2.
4
1

y
3

22. (a) Given 2x2 3y + 2 = 0

3y = 2x2 + 2
2x2
2
y = + ................
3
3
Substitute into y  10,
2
2x2
+  10
3
3
2x2 + 2  30
2x2 28  0
x2 14  0
14 )(x
14 )  0
(x +

3
The range is 1  y  .
4
19.

f (x)  0
5x2 4x 1  0
(5x + 1)(x 1)  0
f (x)

f (x)
x

1 0

1
The range is  x  1.
5
20.

14

(b) 2x2 8x 10 = 2(x2 4x) 10

= 2(x2 4x + 22 22) 10
= 2[(x 2)2 4] 10
= 2(x 2)2 8 10
= 2(x 2)2 18

g(x)

Therefore, a = 2, b = 2 and c = 18

Hence, the minimum value of 2x2 8x 10 is

18.

3
3
The range is x  or x  .
2
2

23. 5 2x  0
2x  5
5
x

2
5
x

2

21. (a) Since y = 3x2 9x + t  0 for all values of x and

it does not have root when y = 0.
Then, b2 4ac  0 for 3x2 9x + t = 0
(9)2 4(3)(t)  0
81 12t  0
12t  81
81
t 
12
27
t 
4

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14

The range is
14  x 
14 .

g(x)  0
4x2 9  0
(2x + 3)(2x 3)  0

3x2 4x  1
3x2 4x + 1  0
(3x 1)(x 1)  0
f (x)

x
1

1
x  , x  1
3

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

26. x2 + 5x 10  4

5
x

2

x2 + 5x 10  4
x2 + 5x 6  0
(x + 6)(x 1)  0

1 1
5

3
2

f (x)

f (x)

1
x 
3

x1

5
The range is x
.
2

24. 5 
f (x)
9
5  5 3x + x2  9
5  5 3x + x2
0  x2 3x
0  x(x 3)

0 1

x
7

6  x  1

x
x

1 0

x  0, x  3

1  x  4
x<0

3 4

Use
b2 4ac  0,
( 6)2 4(2)(9 k)  0
36 72 + 8k  0
36 + 8k  0
8k  36
36
k 
8
9
k
2

1 < x < 4

The range is 1  x  0 or 3  x  4.
25. 1
x2 + 3x 3  3
,
1
x2 + 3x 3
0
x2 + 3x 4
0
(x + 4)(x 1)

x2 + 3x 3  3
x2 + 3x  0
x(x + 3)  0

f (x)

x  7, x  2

28. Given that f (x) = 9 6x + 2x2 does not have real root
when f (x) = k,
9 6x + 2x2 = k
2x2 6x + 9 k = 0

x>3

1 0

27. f (x) = (r + 1)x2 + 2rx + r 3

Given that f (x) does not intersect the x-axis,
therefore
b2 4ac  0
(2r)2 4(r + 1)(r 3)  0
4r2 4(r2 2r 3)  0
4r2 4r2 + 8r + 12  0
2r + 3  0
3
r
2

f (x)

The ranges are 6 < x < 1, x < 7, x > 2.

5 3x + x2  9
5 3x + x2 9  0
x2 3x 4  0
(x 4)(x + 1)  0

f (x)

x2 + 5x 10  4
x2 + 5x 14  0
(x + 7)(x 2)  0

f (x)

29. 2x2 + 10x 20  8

8  2x2 + 10x 20  8
4

x
1

8  2x2 + 10x 20
0  2x2 + 10x 12
0  x2 + 5x 6
0  (x + 6)(x 1)

x  3, x  0

4  x  1

2x2 + 10x 20
2x2 + 10x 28
x2 + 5x 14
(x + 7)(x 2)

f (x)

8
0
0
0

f (x)

4  x  1

4 3

0 1
6

x < 3

0 1

x
7

x
2

x>0

x  6, x
1

The range is 4  x  3 or 0  x  1.

7  x  2

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

x  6

The equation y = x2 + 2x nx + 16
= x2 + 2x 2x + 16
22 2
22 2
= x + + 16
2
2
= x2 + 16

x
1

76

1 2
7  x  2

= 0,
=0
= 16
=
16
= 4
Therefore, B = (4, 0)

30. y = x2 + 5x 6

52

Substitute x = 4, y = 0 into y = x2 3k,

0 = 42 3k
0 = 16 3k
16
k =
3

49
5
The minimum point is ( , ).
2
4
x

13

98

18

32. (a) y = 2[(3k x)2 + n] 10 has a maximum point

(4, 11).
y = 2(3k x)2 2n 10
3k 4 = 0
and
2n 10 = 11
4
2n = 21
k=
3
21
n =
2

y
98

21
4
(b) Substitute k = and n = into
3
2
y = 2[(3k x)2 + n] 10,
21
y = 2 (4 x)2 10
2
= 2(4 x)2 + 21 10
= 2(4 x)2 + 11

18
0
6 1 3

13

5 ,
49

2
4

31. y = x2 + 2x nx + 16
= x2 + (2 n)x + 16
= [x2 (2 n)x] + 16
2n 2
2n
= x2 (2 n)x +
2
2
2
2
2

n
2

n
= x + 16
2
2
2
2

n 2
2

n
= x + + 16
2
2

+ 16
2

(c) y = 2(4 x)2 + 11

The maximum point is (4, 11).

Since y = x2 3k and y = x2 + 2x nx + 16 have the

same axis of symmetry that is x = 0.
2n
then = 0
2
2n=0
n=2

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When y = 0,
2(4 x)2 + 11 = 0
2(4 x)2 = 11
11
(4 x)2 =
2
11
4 x =
2
11
x = 4
2
11
11
= 4 , 4 +
2
2
= 1.655, 6.345

49
The range is  y  98.
4

When y
x2 + 16
x2
x

The range is 7  x  6 or 1  x  2.

5 2
= x2 + 5x +
2
2
25
5
= x +
2
4
2
49
5
= x +
2
4

10

39

21

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(b) Substitute k = 20 into y = 4x2 2kx + 6k,

y = 4x2 40x + 120

The equation of the curve after reflection about

the y-axis is y = 4x2 + 40x + 120.

(4, 11)
(5, 9)
x

(c) Substitute k = 4 into y = 4x2 2kx + 6k,

y = 4x2 8x + 24
= 4(x2 2x) + 24
= 4[x2 2x + (1)2 (1)2] + 24
= 4[(x 1)2 4]
= 4[(x 1)2 1] + 24
= 4(x 1)2 4 + 24
= 4(x 1)2 + 20

21
(1, 39)

The range is 39  y  11.

1+x =3
33. (a)
2
x=61
=5
Therefore, B(5, 0)

Hence, the axis of symmetry is x = 1.

36. f (x) = 2x2 + kx 4r
k x 4r
= 2 x2 +
2
k x + k 2 k 2 4r
= 2 x2 +

2
4
4
2
2
k
k
= 2 x + 4r
4
16
2
2
k
k
= 2 x + 4r
4
8
3,
k = 0 when x = k2
x+
4
4
3
k
2
Therefore, k + = 0
4
4
4k2 3 + k = 0
4k2 + k 3 = 0
(4k 3)(k + 1) = 0
3
k = 1 or
2
4
k 4r = k

8
1 4r = 1
When k = 1,
8
1
4r = 1
8
7
=
8
7
r =
32
9

16
3
3
When k = , 4r =
4
4
8
9
3
4r =
128
4
9
3
4r =
128
4

(b) 3 p = 0
p=3
q 1 = 6
q = 5
(c) The turning point is (3, 6).
34. (a) f (x) = 2x2 + 12x + p
= 2(x2 6x) + p
= 2(x2 6x + 32 32) + p
= 2[(x 3)2 9] + p
= 2(x 3)2 + 18 + p
Given f (x) = a(x + b)2 + 18
By comparison,
a = 2, b = 3, p = 0
(b) The turning point is (3, 18).
35. (a) y = 4x2 2kx + 6k has a minimum value of 20

2k x + 6k
y = 4 x2
4
k
k 2
k
2
= 4 x x +
2
4
4
k 2 k 2 + 6k
=4 x

4
16
2
2
k k + 6k
=4x

4
4

+ 6k

Given minimum value of y = 20.

k2 + 6k = 20
Therefore,
4
k2 + 24k = 80
k2 24k + 80 = 0
(k 20)(k 4) = 0
k = 4 or 20

9 + 96
=
128
105
=
128
105
r =
512

11

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

f(x)

1. y = 3(2x 1)(x + 1) x(4x 5) + 2

= 3(2x2 + x 1) 4x2 + 5x + 2
= 6x2 + 3x 3 4x2 + 5x + 2
= 2x2 + 8x 1
= 2(x2 + 4x) 1
= 2(x2 + 4x + 22 22) 1
= 2[(x + 2)2 4] 1
= 2(x + 2)2 8 1
= 2(x + 2)2 9

x < 4

1+5
3. (a) p =
2
=3

9
x= 2
2

(b) y = (x 1)(x 5)
= x2 6x + 5

9
9
= 2 or 2
2
2
= 0.1213 or 4.121

4. y = a(x 2)2 + 1
Substitute x = 0, y = 9 into the equation,
9 = a(2)2 + 1
8 = 4a
a=2

When x = 0, y = 2(2)2 9
= 1
The minimum point is (2, 9).

Therefore, the quadratic function is

f (x) = 2(x 2)2 + 1.

y
0 0.1213
1

5. x2 + (1 + k)x k2 + 1 = 0
For quadratic equation to have real roots,
b2 4ac
0
2
(1 + k) 4(1)(1 k2)
0
1 + 2k + k2 4 + 4k2
0
5k2 + 2k 3
0
(5k 3)(k + 1)
0

(2, 9)

2. 5  Area of rectangle ABCD  21

5
(x + 3)(x 1)
 21

f(k)

 (x + 3)(x 1)
 x2 + 2x 3
 x2 + 2x 8
 (x + 4)(x 2)

1
f(x)

x
2

 21
 21
0
0

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k
3

3
The range of values of k is k  1 or k
.
5

x  4, x > 2
(x + 3)(x 1)
x2 + 2x 3
2
x + 2x 24
(x 4)(x + 6)

The range is 6  x  4 or 2  x  4.

6 < x < 4

9
x+2=
2

x>2

6 4

When y = 0, 2(x + 2)2 9 = 0

9
(x + 2)2 =
2

5
5
0
0

6  x  4

Since a = 2  0, therefore the minimum value of

y is 9.

4.121

12

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

Substitute into ,
q2
q + 6 = 0
48
q2
q+=0
8
8q + q2 = 0
q(8 + q) = 0
q = 0 or q = 8

6. y = x2 + 7x 8 2k

For y to be positive for all real values of x, there is

no roots for y = 0.
0
0
0
 81
81
k 
8

Therefore, b2 4ac
72 4(1)(8 2k)
49 + 32 + 8k
8k

Alternative
y = x2 + 7x 8 2k
7 2
= x2 + 7x +
2
7 2 49
= x +
2
4

72

02
When q = 0, p =
48
=0

(8)2
When q = 8, p =
48
64
=
48
4
=
3

8 2k

8 2k

For y to be positive for all real values of x,

49
8 2k  0
4
49
2k  + 8
4
81
2k 
4
81
k 
8
7. Substitute x = 6, y = 0 into y
0
0
q + 6p

4
Therefore, the values of p = and q = 8.
3
3
8. (2 3k)x2 + x + k = 0
4

3
b2 4ac = 12 4(2 3k) k
4
= 1 6k + 9k2
= 9k2 6k + 1
= (3k 1)2

= px2 + qx,
= p(6)2 + q(6)
= 36p + 6q
= 0 .........................

Since (3k 1)2
0 for all values of k,

3
therefore, (2 3k)x2 + x + k = 0 has real roots for
4
all values of k.

y = px2 + qx
q
= p x2 +
px

q
q 2
q

= p x2 +
x
+
p
2p
2p

q 2
q2
= p x +
2p
4p2

9. f (x) = 3(x2 + 2mx + m2 + n)

= 3[(x + m)2 + n]
= 3(x + m)2 + 3n
The minimum point is (m, 3n)

Compare to A(t, 3t2),

m = t and 3n = 3t2
m = t
n = t2

q 2 q
= p x +
2p
4p

10. (a) y = px2 + 8x + 10 p

When the graph does not intercept the x-axis,
there are no roots for px2 + 8x + 10 p = 0.
Therefore, b2 4ac  0
82 4p(10 p)  0
64 40p + 4p2  0
p2 10p + 16  0
(p 2)(p 8)  0

q
= 12
4p
q2 = 48p
q2
p = ..........................................................
48

Hence, r = 2 and t = 8

13

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

(c) f (x) = 24x 4x2 20

When x = 0, f (x) = 20

(b) When p = 2,
y = 2x2 + 8x + 8
= 2(x2 + 4x) + 8
= 2(x2 + 4x + 22 22) + 8
= 2[(x + 2)2 4] + 8
= 2(x + 2)2 8 + 8
= 2(x + 2)2
Therefore, the minimum point is (2, 0).
When x = 0,

When f (x) = 0, 4(x 3)2 + 16

4(x 3)2
(x 3)2
x3
x

y =8
y

When y = 0, 2(x + 2)2 = 0

x = 2
When p = 8,
y = 8x2 + 8x + 2
= 8(x2 + x) + 2
1 2
1 2
= 8 x2 + x + + 2
2
2
1 2 1
=8 x+ +2
2
4
1 2
=8x+ 2+2
2
1 2
=8x+
2

(3, 16)

Substitute x = 3, y = 5 into the equation,

5 = |p(3 3)2 + q|
5 = |q|
q = 5
Substitute x = 4, y = 0 into the equation,
0 = |p(4 3)2 5|
p5 =0
p = 5
Therefore, p = 5, q = 5 or p = 5, q = 5.

(b) When x = 3, y = 5
For p = 5, q = 5,
When x = 6, y = |5(6 3)2 5|
= |40|
= 40

y
p=8
8

Based on the graph, the range of values of y is

40  y  0.

2
x
2

For p = 5, q = 5,
When x = 6, y = |5(6 3)2 + 5|
= | 40|
= 40

1 0

11. (a) f (x) = 24x 4x2 + r

= 4x2 + 24x + r
= 4(x2 6x) + r
= 4(x2 6x + 32 32) + r
= 4[(x 3)2 9] + r
= 4(x 3)2 + 36 + r

Therefore, the range of values of y is

40  y  0.
2(x 3)2 + 2k
x2 + 2x + px 8
x2 + (2 + p)x 8
[x2 (2 + p)x] 8
2+p 2
2+p
= x2 (2 + p)x +
2
2
2+p 2
2+p 2
= x 8
2
2
2 + p 2 (2 + p)2
= x + 8
4
2

13. (a) y =
=
=
=

Compare to f (x) = p(x q)2 + 16

Therefore, p = 4, q = 3 and 36 + r = 16
r = 20
(b) The turning point is (3, 16).

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12. (a) y = |p(x 3)2 + q|

1
Therefore, the minimum point is ( , 0).
2
When x = 0, y = 2
1 2
When y = 0, 0 = 8 x +
2
1
x=
2
p=2

20

=0
= 16
=4
= 2
= 2 + 3
= 2 + 3 or 2 + 3
= 1 or 5

14

8
2

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

x2 + 1
x + 3x + 2
therefore
x2 + 1
x2 + 3x + 2
(x + 1)(x + 2)

Since the x-coordinate of the maximum point for

both the graphs are same,
2+p
therefore, = 3
2
p =4

15. Since

0
0
0
f(x)

y = x2 + 2x + px 8 becomes
y = x2 + 2x + 4x 8
y = x2 + 6x 8
When y = 0,
x2 + 6x 8
x2 6x + 8
(x 2)(x 4)
x

 0,

Hence, x  2, x > 1.

=0
=0
=0
= 2 or 4

4
16.  x
1 3x
4
0  x +
1 3x
x(1 3x) + 4
0 
1 3x
x 3x2 + 4
0 
1 3x
3x2 + x + 4
0 
1 3x
(3x + 4)(x + 1)
0 
1 3x

Hence, A(2, 0) and B(4, 0).

Substitute x = 2, y = 0 into y = 2(x 3)2 + 2k,
0 = 2(2 3)2 + 2k
2k = 2
k =1
Hence, k = 1 and p = 4.
(b) For y = 2(x 3)2 + 2k
= 2(x 3)2 + 2(1)
= 2(x 3)2 + 2

For 3x + 4
0,
4
3x
4
x 
3
For x + 1
0,
x
1

Maximum value of the curve is 2.

2

For y = x + 2x + px 8
= x2 + 2x + 4x 8
= x2 + 6x 8
When x = 3,
y = 9 + 18 8
=1
Maximum value of the curve is 1.

For 1 3x  0,
3x  1
1
x 
3

14. Since 3x2
0 for all values of x,

1
x<
3

3x2
therefore  0
(2x 1)(x + 4)
(2x 1)(x + 4)  0

x
1

4
x
3

f(x)

0 1

1
4
Therefore, the range is 1  x  , x
.
3
3

1
Hence, 4  x  .
2

15

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 3

17. y2 9 = x
x = y2 9

When x = 0,
y2 = 9
y = 3

y
4
3

When y = 0,
x = 9
When x
7
y2
y

= 7,
= y2 9
= 16
= 4

x
7

3
4

The range of values of y is 4  y  4.

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16