Exposure Values and Light Conditions Chart

Exposure Value 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Sunny 16 Exposure +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Subject - Bright reflections - White or very light colored/toned subject in bright sunlight - Subject is medium colored/toned in bright sunlight - Slightly overcast - Overcast - Heavy overcast - Sunset, Open shade - Landscapes just after sunset or before sunrise - Landscapes 10 minutes after sunset/before sunrise - Neon and lighted signs at night - Stage shows with bright lighting - Times Square at night - Store windows at night - Fires at night, Stadium lighting - Interior with sunlight coming through window - Interior with many florescent lights - Bright street at night - Stage shows with average lighting - Daytime interior with skylight - Fairs and amusement parks at night - Daytime interior with windows & no direct sunlight - Night interior with bright lighting - Floodlighted buildings, monuments, fountains - Holiday lighting at night (indoor or outdoor) - Night interior with average lighting - Candle-lighted close-ups - Street at night

-7

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6

-8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21

- Dim interior

- Rural landscape illuminated by a full moon

- Rural landscape illuminated by starlight

Alexis Junio August 2011

Exposure Values Combination Chart

Exposure Value = Aperture + Shutter Speed + ISO ISO 100 200 400 800 1600 18 18 17 18 17 16 18 17 16 15 18 17 16 15 14 17 16 15 14 13 16 15 14 13 12 15 14 13 12 11 14 13 12 11 10 13 12 11 10 9 12 11 10 9 8 11 10 9 8 7 10 9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 5 8 7 6 5 4 7 6 5 4 3 6 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 -1 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -3 -4 -5 -6 -4 -5 -6 -5 -6 -6 Aperture Settings + Shutter Speed f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 8000 8000 4000 8000 4000 2000 8000 4000 2000 1000 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 250 4000 2000 1000 500 250 125 2000 1000 500 250 125 60 1000 500 250 125 60 30 500 250 125 60 30 15 250 125 60 30 15 8 125 60 30 15 8 4 60 30 15 8 4 2 30 15 8 4 2 1" 15 8 4 2 1" 2" 8 4 2 1" 2" 4" 4 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" 4" 8" 15" 30" 8" 15" 30" 15" 30" 30" -

3200 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -

6400 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -

f/1 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" 60"

f/1.4 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" -

f/16 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" -

f/22 8000 4000 2000 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1" 2" 4" 8" 15" 30" -

Aperture = lens opening size. Shutter Speed = time the lens is open. ISO = sensitivity of the sensor Alexis Junio August 2011

Facts about Exposure Settings A. Aperture 1. Each time the aperture is decreased by one increment, the amount of light entering is cut by half. Example. F/2.8 has half the light of f/2. While F/2 has half the light of f/1.4. 2. The bigger the aperture (f/1.4) the narrower the Depth of Field (DOF). Narrow DOF blurs the background which is desirable in portraits where you want to emphasize the subject and deemphasize the background. 3. The smaller the aperture (f/22) the deeper the DOF. Large or deep DOF makes the foreground and background sharp which is desirable when taking landscape photos. 4. A DOF calculator will estimate the DOF of a given aperture, focal length and distance from the subject. Example. An APS-C DSLR with a 50mm lens on f/1.4 aperture, focused 10 feet away from a subject will have a DOF of 2 inches. 5. Photos are softest at f/1.4 and starts to sharpen until f/5.6 to f/8.0 and gradually softens again until f/22 due to diffraction. B. Shutter Speed 1. Recommended shutter speed should be 1 / focal length to avoid blurring brought about by hand-held shots. This rule does not apply to tripod-mounted cameras where hand-shake is already eliminated. Example: A 50mm lens should not be set less/lower than a shutter speed of 1/50 second. 2. A shutter speed of at least 1/125 of a second will usually freeze ordinary human action. Faster activity like running people or cars obviously requires a much faster shutter speed like 1/500 in order to freeze action. C. ISO 1. The lower the ISO the less noise is introduced into the picture [chroma noise coloured specks, luminance noise black and white specks]. Therefore, use ISO 100 whenever possible. 2. ISO 6400 will produce a noisier picture but will allow you to use a faster shutter speed in dark situation. A noisy picture is always better than a blurry picture. 3. Most modern cameras produce acceptable noise in the photo from ISO 100 800. Higher ISO 1600 3200 6400 usually requires noise reduction in Photoshop. Alexis Junio August 2011