Lecture contents
SELF CONCEPT
. How one views or feels about the self. Rosenberg defines the self-concept broadly as "the totality of an individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself as an object" (1979:7). Gecas (1984 ): It is the concept the individual has of himself as a physical, social, and spiritual or moral being.
Self awareness
Self Theory
Two divergent schools of thoughts (symbolic interaction): 1. Iowa or (Kuhn School)- self is a researchable phenomenon; 2. Chicago or ( California or Blumer School)through inferences
Iowa or (Kuhn School) The Twenty Statements Test: Who Am I? Originally developed by Kuhn & McPartland (1954)
3. The persons awareness of himself is dependent upon the behaviors of others in a situation and not a matter of traits or instincts. 4. The persons awareness of himself precludes the use of any fixed responses; the responses must be the persons own plan of actions. 5. The responses to the questions are not limited to the testing situation, but hve applicability in a variety of situations.
Count the number of each type of response. Now compare the totalswhich category got the most responses?
Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include Root:
Draw one root for each parent, grandparent and caretaker in your life. Each root should have a small picture representing the person it belongs to.
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Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include BRANCHES :
Draw one branch for each family member. But you can also include anyone who is important to you, means a lot in your life. Don't include too many friends just the most important people in your family life. Alongside each branch - draw a little picture to represent the person it belongs to.
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Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include LEAVES
Draw a leaf for each significant event in your life. A significant event is anything that happened that changed you or your life in some way. Draw a little picture inside each leaf of the important event
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Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include a few tattered LEAVES Draw a leaf for each limitation. Draw a little picture inside each leaf of limitations
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Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include FLOWERS
Draw a flower for each thing in your life that makes you feel good about yourself. Draw a little picture inside each flower of the thing that makes you feel good. It should strengths include your
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Your tree can look any way you would like it to look, but should include Fruits
Draw a fruit for each of your achievements no matter how big or small. Inside each fruit draw a little picture to represent your achievement. Sometimes the fruits (achievements) are the same as the flowers (things that make you feel good about yourself). That's fine ! Draw them twice! Or combine them! You can never have too many good things going on.
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IMPLICATIONS
Describe the tree in one word. What did you feel? The memories or feelings that might come up could be happy or sad. Whatever they are, simply: 1) notice them 2) name them 3) write down your thoughts and feelings in the learning journal.
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Intuitively, we recognize that introspection, the process of looking inward and examining ones own thoughts, feelings, and motives, is one basis of self-knowledge.
Self-Perception Theory
No external reward Self-perception: I do this because I like it. Intrinsic Motivation
Enjoyable activities
Extrinsic Motivation
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Emphasis on Accuracy: The holding of incorrect opinions and/or inaccurate appraisals of ones abilities can be punishing or even fatal in many situations.
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10-20: Middle of the Road: You have days when you think youre doing ok, and days when you question everything you do. Work on believing in yourself a little more, and everything will fall into place. 21-25: On the right track: Your faith in yourself is on the right track, but can use improvement. Practice recognizing each small accomplishment and your selfesteem will start to soar. 26-30: Solid self-esteem: No one has to tell you that youre ok! You have a healthy sense of self-respect and rarely, if ever, question your decisions. You learn from your mistakes instead of dwelling on them. Keep up the good work!
Self-enhancement Techniques
Four mechanisms to improve self-esteem
Self-serving cognitions
Self-serving cognitions
Schlenker et al. (1990)
People tend to take credit for their own successes and distance themselves from failure.
BIRGing
Cialdini et al. (1976) BIRGing and CORFing Used most after threats to individual self-esteem Basking in reflected glory Enhancing self-esteem by identifying or claiming affiliation with a successful group.
Job performance
Intrinsic motivation General satisfaction Citizenship behavior Organizational commitment and satisfaction.
Be supportive by showing concerns for personal problems, interests, status and contributions. Offer work involving variety, autonomy, and challenges that suit the individuals values, skills and abilities Strive for mgt-employee cohesiveness and build trust Have faith in each employees self management ability
Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors
High Self-Monitors
Receive better performance ratings Likely to emerge as leaders Show less commitment to their organizations
Source: Adapted from Bernard Asbell, What They know About You (New York: Random House, 1993).
For high self-monitors: Dont overdo it by turning from a successful chameleon into someone who is widely perceived as insincere, dishonest, phony, and untrustworthy. You cannot be everything to everyone. For low Self-monitors: You can bend without breaking, so try to be a bit more accommodating while being true to your basic beliefs. Practice regarding and adjusting to nonverbal cues in various public situations. If your conversation partner is bored or distracted, stop-because they are not really listening.