STATEMENT DEVELOPMENT STATEMENT The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in paper.

n paper. A formal embodiment in language of facts or opinions; a narrative. The act of affirming or asserting something. A declaration of matters of fact. The result of expressing a relationship between two or more concepts Is an extremely important ingredient in any attempt to build a scientific body of knowledge. It must be formulated before explanations or predictions can be made. A statement in the context of theory building in two forms, relational statements and non relational statements. o Relational statement declares a relationship of some kind between two or more concepts. o A nonrelational statement maybe either an existence statement that asserts the existence of concepts or a definition either theoretical or operational.

Relational vs Non Relational Statement Relational Statement Declares a relationship between two or more concepts the skeleton of theory

Non-relational Statement May be either: Existence- identifies a concept or an object and claims its existence. Definition- Describes the characteristics of a concept. Theoretical - One that is abstract and useful to the theory but with NO EMPIRICAL referents named Operational - The method of measurement is clearly spelled out

STATEMENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Statement Analysis - If the Literature is WELL DEVELOPED but not RESEARCH-BASED Statement Synthesis - If the Literature is PRIMARILY contains research findings that need to be INTEGRATED Statement Derivation - If the Literature is UNDEVELOPED or existing literature is simply OUTMODED and in need of a fresh start

Prepared by: Aaron Jasper Mina-Germino

Statement Analysis Process of examining relational statements to determine what form they are presented and what relationship the concepts within those statements have to one another. Dissect a statement into its component parts so they can be better understood Is a way of examining statements in an orderly way in an effort to determine if the statements are USEFUL, INFORMATIVE, and LOGICALLY CORRECT

Purposes and Uses 1. to classify statements as to form 2. to examine the relationship between the concepts

Steps in Statement Analysis 1. Select the statement (s) to be analyzed 2. Simplify the statement 3. Classify the statement 4. Examine the concepts within the statement for definition and validity 5. Specify the relationships between concepts by type, sign, and symmetry 6. Examine the logic 7. Determine testability

Advantages and Limitations Provides a systematic way of examining the relationships between concepts Assists the theorist in examining the structure and function of statements May discover other linkages

Prepared by: Aaron Jasper Mina-Germino

Limitations Difficult to analyze just one statement if it is part of a theoretical whole Time taking and very rigorous

STATEMENT SYNTHESIS Aimed at specifying relationships between two or more concepts based on EVIDENCE. Information based on observation used to construct a new concept, statement, or theory

Purpose and Uses To develop from observation of phenomena one or more statements about relationships that exist between those phenomena. To develop as well as to test hypotheses

Considerations 1. There is no conceptual or empirical work done to describe a topic of interest, but a series of observations can be made readily to establish some of the parameters of the phenomenon 2. There are several concepts in use in an area of interest, but evidence is needed to clarify how the concepts may be interrelated 3. There are several published research studies on a phenomenon of interest, but the information contained in them has not been organized together or amalgamated Procedure for Statement Synthesis Involves two operations: Moving from observations to inferences then Classic methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Generalizing from specific inferences to more abstract ones Literary method

Prepared by: Aaron Jasper Mina-Germino

Statement Derivation Is a strategy for developing a set of statements about a phenomenon by using an ANALOGY Use of analogy to transpose concept/statement/theory from one field to another Identifying an analogy or likeness between phenomena in 2 different fields - May be either substantive or formal Substantive Analogy - The likeness rests in the content or concepts in two fields Formal Analogy - Likeness rests in logical structure by how concepts are linked

Purpose of Statement Derivation To formulate one or more statements about a phenomena that is not well understood

Procedures for Statement Derivation 1. Become thoroughly familiar with any existing literature on ones topic of interest 2. Search other fields for new ways of looking at the topic of interest 3. Select the parent field to be used in the derivation process 4. Develop new statements about the topic of interest from the content and structure of statements in the parent field

5. Redefine any new concepts or terms in the derived statements to fit the specific subject matter of the topic of interest

Prepared by: Aaron Jasper Mina-Germino