SUMMARY

SUMMARY
Philippines possess 17 regions and most likely acquire their respective profiles. Attached in these profiles are the strength and weaknesses which are classified according to Economic, Social, Institutional, and Infrastructure that analyzes the capability and shortcomings of the said regions, and arise with a distinct solution to these problems. Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) has a land area of 19,294 km2 (7,449.5 sq mi), and composed of provinces namely; Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City and has a population density of 78.8 persons / sq. km. The Cordillera Administrative Region encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera Central Mountains of Luzon, the largest mountain range in the country. It is the country's only land-locked region. The region is home to numerous indigenous tribes collectively called the Igorot. CAR is subdivided into 6 provinces and one chartered city, Baguio. Based upon the analysis, the difficulties in the economic sector of the region are the erosions and natural disasters since it is comprised of highest peaked mountains in the country and about of the land area contains slopes of 30% which causes economic loss during disasters or phenomena. On the other hand, underemployment rate of 18.4% which is higher than 17% of the national underemployment average calls for attentions. Furthermore, difficulties under social sector primarily are the rate of poverty incidence of 17.1%, health crisis such as diseases as well as 79:1000 ratios of mother death during pregnancy and death caused by natural disasters are one of the main reasons of fatalities in the region. In Institutional Sector, the region lacks school buildings which affect the performance and execution of education in the region though the province has produced the most number of professionals according to the professional regulations commission. In the infrastructure, poor road networks which causes 50% vehicular accidents, existing 24.35% temporary and unreliable national bridges that need to develop and problem to irrigation systems also urges for an amendment.

Region 1 Ilocos Region Ilocos Region is located in the northwestern region portion of Luzon. It has a land area of 13,055 km2 (5,040.6 sq mi) and composed of the provinces namely: Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan. It is bounded by the Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley to the east, Central Luzon to the south and by the South China Sea to the west. The population density of the region is 348.2/km2 (901.9/sq mi). The Ilocano speaking people compose 66% of the region, the Pangasinan speaking people compose 27%, and the Tagalogs compose 3%.

RACHEL ANNE T.CASTRO, JENENAH ROSE L. GOMEZ

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SUMMARY

Based upon the analysis, one of the primary problems in the region is the increasing rate of 3.4% or 523,180.05 metric tons per year of Solid waste management causing air pollution affecting the health of the people and environment. Forestry remains low of about 14.78% which tends to cause serious floods affecting the agricultural production of the region. Under the social sector, since air pollution affects health, the doctors population ratio increased to 1:29,584 wherein the standard ratio is about 1:20,000 people. Poverty incidence also increased at a high rate of 32.7%. Furthermore, difficulties under institutional sector include poor access to government services and assistance as well as insufficient health facilities wherein the current ratio of population is about 1:37,773. Under the infrastructure sector, performance production of the entire region was affected by the problems of irrigation system in which 53.39% is the only irrigated area. The region is also lacking terminals and undeveloped transportation facilities. Region 2 Cagayan Valley Cagayan Valley has a land area of 31,159 km2 (12,030.6 sq mi) and composed of provinces namely; Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. It has three cities; Cauayan City, its regional center-Tuguegarao, and its commercial center-Santiago City. The population density of the region is about 97.9/km2 (253.6/sq mi). Most of the region lies in a large valley in northeastern Luzon, between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The Cagayan River, the country's longest river runs through its center and flows out to Luzon Strait in the north, in the town of Aparri, Cagayan. The Babuyan and Batanes island groups that lie in the Luzon Strait also belong to the region. Region II is composed of 5 provinces, 3 cities, 90 municipalities, and 2,311 barangays. Based upon the analysis, economic sector also faces difficulties due to the inevitable existence of pests and ever changing climate status which affects the negative growth rate production of about 20-30% loss in the farmers total harvest. Under the social sector about 24.8% of the populations are poor families, low status of public secondary school participation rate of only 59.99%, health nutrition undertakings due to high cost of medicines. Furthermore, institutional sector lacks implementation of the Local Government Code as well as strengthening the Local Government Unit support for they are assisting the development of institutional and infrastructure facilities. For the infrastructure sector, 20-30% undeveloped farm access roads as well as low irrigation coverage rate of 47.90% and 42% unpaved national roads are the main reasons of infrastructure instability throughout the region. Region 3 Central Luzon Central Luzon has a land area of 21,543 km2 (8,317.8 sq mi), and composed of provinces namely; Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales and a population density of 451.2/km2 (1,168.7/sq mi). The region is an administrative division or region of the Republic of the Philippines, primarily serve to organize the 7 provinces of the vast central plain of the island of Luzon (the largest island), for administrative convenience. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, earning itself the nickname "Rice Bowl of the Philippines".

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Based upon the analysis, under the economic sector, the region is up against environmental problem such as industrial pollution, decreasing production performance, sprawling number of industries and settlements as well as the decreasing investment rate of 5%. Under the social sector, problems regarding health issues call for an immediate attention. Of the total average, 48% came from industrial pollution. A low enrolment rate of 55.1% is a chance of lacking better education as well as the continuing poverty incidence of about 16.8% are most likely affecting the entire region. Furthermore, insufficient school facilities such as classrooms are also one of the undertakings regarding the institutional sector. For the infrastructure sector, road widening and upgrading should be implemented to reduce transportation cost. National Capital Region (NCR) National Capital Region has a land area of 638.55 km2 (246.5 sq mi) and is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Pias, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Paraaque, Quezon, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and the Municipality of Pateros. NCR is the second to the most populous region and the smallest region in the country, the population density ranges of about 18,093.2/km2 (46,861.2/sq mi). Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, there is an absence of environmental sector that would protect the remaining forest cover of 4.43% in order to defend the region from serious floods and life destructions due to phenomena. About 44 sq. km or 7% of the region is prone to flooding which affects 1.9 million people and economic deficiency of about P900 million annually. Moreover, there is also an increasing13.1% unemployment rate. Under the social sector, 2 an over populated social density of 18,093.2/km affects security and health issues wherein 6,000 tons of solid wastes are generated daily. Under institutional sector, as stated, a growing number of populations also affect the management and distribution of services. For infrastructure sector, large number of population also affects the flow of traffic and waste disposal management. Region 4-A Calabarzon Calabarzon has an area of 16,558 km2 (6,393.1 sq mi), and has a province composed of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon; the region's name is formed from the names of these provinces. The population density of the region is 709.2/km2 (1,836.8/sq mi). The region is in southwestern Luzon, presently, south and east of Metro Manila is the second most densely populated region. Calabarzon and Mimaropa were previously combined together as Southern Tagalog, until they were separated in 2002. Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, there is a decreasing economic performance for the region gained the second highest ranking throughout the Philippines of having 9.4% unemployment rate. Agricultural lands are also diminished of about 20% and decreasing performance of aquaculture. An average of about 70% air and water pollution affects the environment as well as health issues. Furthermore, in the social sector, there is an incidence of poverty about 16.7% and population increase about 18.5%. The region also faces shortcomings regarding the institutional sector in which there are insufficient school facilities, peace and order problems as well as inadequate staffing of local planning offices. Under infrastructure sector, undeveloped road networks causes traffic which calls for an upgrade to reduce the continuing number of accidents throughout the region.

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Region 4-B - Mimaropa Mimaropa has a land area of 29,621 km2 (11,436.7 sq mi) and has a province composed of Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan. The population density is 86.4/km2 (223.8/sq mi), Mimaropa is one of two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region, Eastern Visayas being the other, and is designated as Region IV-B. Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, the region establishes high cost of agricultural inputs but low farm gate prices of agricultural products. Environmental factors as well as marketing systems are inefficient which causes high distribution costs. Furthermore, under the social sector, there is an incidence of poverty at a rate of 42.6%. High cost of medicines also affects health and also, there is an absence of 60% for the housing for the houses in the entire region were made out of light and makeshift materials. Under institutional sector, there is a weak technological support of LGU for industrial crops development, weak supports of government institutions, and insufficient school facilities resulting to low performance of education. For infrastructure sector, there is an absence of developed road networks and terminals for farms affect the performance of economic production.

Region 5 Bicol Region

Bicol Region has a land area of 18,114 km2 (6,993.9 sq mi), and composed of province namely; Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate, and Sorsogon. The region population density is range to 282.1/km2 (730.6/sq mi), Bicol region is composed of four (4) contiguous provinces in the Bicol Peninsula, the southeastern end of Luzon island, and the two (2) island-provinces of Masbate and Catanduanes. The regional centers are Legazpi City, the region's political and administrative center is in the province of Naga City as well as the region's cultural and religious center. Legazpi City, Naga City, and Sorsogon City are the leading cities in the region in terms of urbanization and also the hub of the region's economic activity. Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, there is an increasing unemployment rate of 50%. Environmental concern also urges an attention for there are only 8.87% remaining forest cover as well as illegal and abusive fishing. Moreover, low labor productivity at a rate of 11.4% and high cost of business operations contributed to the inflation on the number of manufacturing establishments. Under the institutional sector, there is an incidence of 42.6% rate of poverty. Students in the region also perform below average in the national achievement test which diminishes the entire education status. Under institutional sector, the region lacks technical capability and financial resources in order to manage local and devolved programs as well as the capability to mobilize communities to be vigilant, low crime solution efficiency, and insufficient school facilities that affects the performance of education. Under the infrastructure sector, undeveloped road networks and terminals for transportation as well as problems to irrigation systems are some of the difficulties in the region.

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Region 6 Western Visayas Western Visayas has a land are of 20,614 km2 (7,959.1 sq mi), and composed of province namely; Aklan, Antique, Negros Occidental, Capiz, Guimaras and Iloilo, The regions population density reaches about 332/km2 (859.9/sq mi), and 16 cities making it the region with the highest number of cities. Iloilo City was chosen as the center of the region. Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, there is a 10% inflation or shut down of firms affecting the employment rate and decreased into 32% as well as the decreasing value of investment at a rate of 21%. Under the social sector, there is an incidence of poverty at a rate of 31.1%. Under the institutional sector, there is a problem in managing the retrenched or shut down firms. Under the infrastructure sector, poor road networks and terminals affects the productivity of the entire region.

Region 7 Central Visayas Central Visayas has a land area of 15,875 km2 (6,129.4 sq mi), and composed of province namely; Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, and Siquijor, and the highly urbanized cities of Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City, and Mandaue City. The region is dominated by the native speakers of Cebuano. Cebu City is its regional center. The Regions projected population density is about 403.1/km2 (1,043.9/sq mi). Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, the region failed to revive the lethargic agriculture sector in which there is a 14.9% loss of production. Climate also affects almost 60 hectares of corn farms for they were damaged due to dry spell. There is also an underemployment rate of 13.8% and the production has dropped at 0.9%. Under the social sector, there is an insufficient source and notable and non potable water in which the access of safe water falls below the national average of 80% as well as the incidence of poverty at a rate of 30.3%. Under the institutional sector, there are cases of insufficient school facilities in the region. For the infrastructure sector, the region calls for the betterment of irrigation system.

Region 8 Eastern Visayas Eastern Visayas has a land area of 23,432 km2 (9,047.1 sq mi), and composed of provinces namely; Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Southern Leyte. Eastern Visayas is one of the two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region. The population density is 167/km2 (432.5/sq mi). Catbalogan City is designated as its regional capital. But today the said idea has not been realized. Eastern Visayas, particularly the island of Samar, for it possesses geographical location to be always hit by typhoons. Based upon the analysis, under economic sector,

Based on the sectored problem analysis the economic sector has a problem in Palay production decreased by 9% because of rice pests and diseases, regions contribution to the national economy was only 2.2% of the region economic production, there are insufficient agriculture facilities such as flood control, and exports in the region dropped by 15.9%. In the social sector the problems are doctors ratio is range to 1:27,546, the standard is 1:20,000, Health problems such as 10% rate of degenerative diseases, problems in education, high prevalence of malnutrition, increasing deaths due to lifestyle-related diseases and preventable illnesses, and the arte of 43% Poverty incidence. Under the institutional sector the problems are the weak local government support to regional initiatives, insufficient health facilities, insufficient school facilities, and education support facilities. And the last in the region is the infrastructure sector there are problem to irrigation systems and problem to Road networks causing decrease of production.
Based upon the analysis, under economic sector, there is a decreeing number in the production of palay projecting the rate of 9% due to the e\inevitable existence of pests and diseases.