1.

Determine Integrals by Reversing Differentiation

1. ____________________ and _________________ fall under the area of Calculus.

SM SAINS SERI PUTERI, KUALA LUMPUR
3. INTEGRATION
NAME:

CLASS: .
2. Integration is the reverse process of _______________________________.
3. If y is a function of x and '( ) =
dy
f x
dx
then
'( ) , constant. = + =

f x dx y c c
y
dx
dy

Exercise 1
1. Complete the table:
y
dx
dy
dx
dx
dy

a. y = 7x
7
dx
dy

x dx 7 7

b. y = x
2

c. y = 6x
2
+ 3x
d. y = ( 5x
2
x )
3

5. . Given
( ) ). ( 5 2
2 3
x g x x
dx
d
+
Find

. ) ( dx x g

6. Given
). ( 5
3 2
3 2
x f x
x x dx
d

,
_

+
Find

. ) ( dx x f


2. Integration of Algebraic Functions
Indefinite Integral
2
Differentiation
Integration
Exercise 2:
1. (i)
12 dx

(ii)
(-5) dx

(iii)
1.3 dx

(iv)
2
3
dx

2. (i)
3 x dx

(ii)

dx x
3
4
3.
( )

dx x
2
5.
( )

+ + dx x x 7 4 3
2
4.

dx
x
2
5
6.

dt t t t ) 8 3 (
2
3
) . = +

a a dx ax c a and c are constants

1
) .
1
+
= +
+

n
n
x
b x dx c
n
c is constant, n is an integer and n -1
1
) .
1
+
= = +
+

n
n n
ax
c ax dx a x dx c
n
a and c are constants, n is an integer andn
-1
[ ] ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) d f x g x dx f x dx g x dx =

7.

dt t t t ) 3 2 )( 5 (
2
8.

+ dy y y y ) 3 )( 7 2 (
9.

,
_

dx
x
x x
2
6
3 5
10.
2
1
2 x dx
x
_
+

,

11. Integrate
3
6 5 x
x
+
with respect to x.
12. Find
2
6
3
6 x dx
x
_
+

,

3. Finding Constants of Integration, c, in indefinite Integrals
Exercise 3
4
1. Given
, 4
dx
dy
and when y = 15, x = 3
Find
a) the constant of integration, c,
b) y in terms of the variable x.
2. Given
, 4 3 + x
dx
dy
and when y = 10, x = 2
Find
a) the constant of integration, c,
b) y in terms of the variable x.
4. The Equation of a Curve from Functions of Gradients
Exercise 4
5
If the gradient function of the curve is '( ),
dy
f x
dx
then the equation of the curve is


'( )
( ) ,
y f x dx
y f x c

c is constant.
1. Find the equation of the curve given the derivative function
, 5 2 + x
dx
dy
and passing
through the point (3, 7).
2. Find the equation of the curve given , 7 2 ) ( '
2 3
x x x x f + + and passing through the point (0,
2).

5. FINDING THE INTEGRALS OF EXPRESSIONS OF THE FORM (ax +b)
n

6
3. The gradient of a curve is given by
8 kx
dx
dy
. Given that the turning point of the curve
is at (2, 3). Find the equation of the curve.
where u = ax + b,
a and b are
constants, n is an
integer and n -1
where a, b, and c are
constants, n is integer and
n -1
INTEGRATION
BY
SUBSTITUTION
Example:

7
7
7
8
8
8
4(3 5)
Let 3 5
3
3
4
4(3 5)
3
4
=
3(8)
=
6
(3 5)
=
6

x dx
u x
du du
dx
dx
u
x dx du
u
c
u
c
u
c

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
OR
8
7
8
4(3 5)
4(3 5)
3(8)
(3 5)
=
6
x
x dx c
x
c

+
+ +
+
+
(a)

+ dx x
6
) 7 3 (

(b)

dx x
4
) 4 1 (
(c)

dx
x
3
) 3 2 (
1
Skill Practice 7 (Page 57)
6. DEFINITE INTEGRALS

7

If




Examples:

5
1
4 . 1 dx

5
3
. 2 xdx

3
1
) 7 4 ( . 3 dx x

2
3
2
) 2 ( . 4 dx x
+

3
1
2
) 10 7 5 ( . 5 dx x x +

3
1
2
) 5 ( . 6 dx x x x
8
34 )] ( [
)
) ( 5 )
) ( )
: , 16 ) ( . 7
5
0
5
0
0
5
5
0

dx x f kx
if k of value the c
dx x f b
dx x f a
find dx x f Given
7. Integration as Summation of Area

9
Skill Practice 8 (page 60)
Skill Practice 9 (page 61)
y = f(x)
y = f(x)
b
a
0
y

The area under a curve which enclosed by
x = a and x = b is
b
a
ydx

Note :
The area is preceded by a negative sign if
the region lies below the x axis.
The area under a curve which is enclosed
by y = a and y = b is
b
a
xdy

Note :
The area is preceded by a negative sign if
the region is to the left of the y axis.
The area enclosed by a curve and a straight line
The area of the shaded region = ( ) ( )
b b
a a
f x dx g x

= [ ]
( ) ( )
b
a
f x g x dx

1. Find the area of the shaded region in

the diagram.
2. Find the area of the shaded region in the
diagram.

10
y = x
2
2x
x
y
0
y
x
a b
0
x
y
x
y = g (x)
y = f (x)
a
b



3. Find the area of the shaded region 4. Find the area of the shaded region in the
diagram.
5. Find the area of the shaded region in the
diagram
6.
11
y = 2
0
y
x
x = y
2
y = -x
2
+ 3x+ 4
x
-1
4 0
-1 -2
y = x
2
+ 4x + 4
x
y
2
0
x = y
3
- y
0
1
-1
y
x
x = k
y
0
y = ( x 1)
2
Given that the area of the shaded region in
the diagram above is
28
3
units
2
. Find the
value of k.
8. Integration as Summation of Volumes
12
x
y
y=f(x)
The volume generated
when a curve is rotated
through 360 about the
x-axis is
2
b
x
a
V y dx

13
x
0
a b
The volume generated
when a curve is rotated
through 360 about the
y-axis is
2
b
y
a
V x dy

y
x
y=f(x)
a
b
0
y
y=x(x+1)
Find the volume generated when the
shaded region is rotated through 360
about the x-axis.
Solution :

( )
2
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
4 3 2
0
2
5 4 3
0
5 4 3
3
1
( 2 )
5 2 3
2 2 2
0
5 2 3
256 1
@ 17 .
15 15

+
+ +
1
+ +
1
]
1 _
+ +
1
, ]

y dx
x x dx
x x x dx
x x x
units
2.
Solution :
2
2
Given 6
substitute 0 into 6
Then, 6 0
6
y x
x y x
y
y

1.
14
x
x=2
0
y
x
2
6 y x
0
The figure shows the shaded region that is
enclosed by the curve
2
6 y x , the x-
axis and the y-axis.
Calculate the volume generated when the
shaded region is revolved through 360 about
y-axis.
y = x (2 x)
y
Volume generated
Volume generated
( )
6
2
0
6
0
6
2
0
2
3
6
6
2
6
6(6) 0
2
18 .

1

1
]
1 _

1
, ]

x dy
y dx
y
y
units
The above figure shows the shaded region that is enclosed by the curve y = x (2 x)
and x-axis. Calculate the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved
through 360 about the x-axis. [4 marks]
2.
15
0
x
y = 4 (x + 1)
0
x
y
Q (3, 4)
P (0, 2)
R (0, 4)
x=3
The figure shows the curve
2
( 2) y x . Calculate the volume generated when
the shaded region is revolved through 360 about the x-axis.
3.
16
3 y x
0
x
y
R (0, 4)
The above figure shows part of the curve 3 y x and the straight line
x = k. If the volume generated when the shaded region is revolved through
360 about the x-axis is
3
1
12 units ,
2
find the value of k.
17
x = k
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
(a) Find, (i)
( )( ) 4 4
2
+

x x
x
dx (ii)
18
3 5
3
( ) x

dx
(b) Given
0
3

f(x) dx = 8, find the value of

f x ( ) +

2
2
0
3
dx.
(c) Find
( )

+
3
7 2x
dx
(d) Given kx
2
x is the gradient function for a curve such that k is a constant.
y 5x + 7 = 0 is the equation of tangent at the point (1, 2) to the curve. Find,
(i) the value of k,
(ii) the equation of the curve.
(e) Given
2
2
dx
y d
= 4x
3
+ 1. When x = 1, y =
2
1
and
dx
dy
= 3. Find y in terms of x.
Answer:( a) (i)
x
16
x + c (ii)
2
) 5 3 (
3
x
+ c (b) 7 ( c)
( )
8
7 2
4
+ x
+ c
(d(i)) k = 6 (ii) y = 2x
3

2
2
x

2
7
(e) y =
5
16
3
2 5
2 5
+ + + x
x x

2. Given that
dy
dx
is directly proportional to
2
1, and that 3 and 9, when
dy
x y
dx
x =
2 , find the value of y when x = 3 .
Answer: 19
3. The rate of change of the area, A cm
2
, of a circle is
2
6 2 1 t t +
. Find in terms of if
the area of the circle is 11 cm
2
when t = 2 .
Answer:
18
4. (a) Diagram 1 shows part of the curve of
2
2
y
x
. The straight line x = k divides the
shaded region enclosed by the curve , the straight lines x = 1 and x = 5 and the x-
axis into two regions, and .
y

A B
0 1 k 5 x
Diagram 1
Given that the area of region is five times the area of region , find the value of

(b) Diagram 2 shows part of the curve ( ) 2 y x x .
( ) 2 y x x
19
y
x
0
Diagram 2
Find the value of the solid generated when the shaded region is revolved through 360
about the x-axis .
Answer: (a) k = 3 (b) 1
20
5. (a) Diagram 3 shows a straight line
2 y x

and a curve
2
3 y x x


2
3 y x x
x

Find
(i) the coordinate of the point P,
(ii) the area of the shaded region
Answer: ( ) ( ) ( )
125
5 10
6
, i ii
6. Diagram 4 shows part of the curve
( )
2
4
2 1
y
x

which passes through

y


(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at point Q.
(b) A region is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the straight lines and
(i) Find the area of the region
21
P
y
x
0
Diagram 3
0 x
Diagram 4
(ii) The region is revolved through 360 about the x-axis. Find the volume
generated, in terms of
Answer:(a)
6 20 y x +
(b) i) ,ii)
784
10125


7. (a) Evaluate
dx x x

4
0
) 4 (

Diagram 5
(b) Diagram 5 shows the curve y x(4 x) , together with a straight line. This line
cuts the curve at the origin O and at the point P with x-coordinate k, where 0 < k < 4 .
(i) Show that the area of the shaded region, bounded by the line and the curve, is
3
1
6
k
(ii) Find, correct to 3 decimal places, the value of k for which the area of the
shaded region is half of the total area under the curve between x 0 and x 4 .

Answer : k = 3.175
22
8. Diagram 6 shows, the straight line PQ is normal to the curve
1
2
1
2
+ x y
at A(2,3).
The straight line AR is parallel to the y axis.



Find
(a) the value of k,
(b) the area of the shaded region,
(c) the volume generated, in terms of , when the region bounded by the curve, the y
axis and the straight line y = 3 is revolved through 360
o
about the y-axis.
Answer : (a) k = 8 (b) area = 12
3
1
(c) Volume = 4
23
A(2,3)
Q(k ,0)
y
P
0 R
Diagram 6
y = (x 2 )
2
9. Diagram 7 below shows the straight line y = x + 4 intersecting the curve y = (x 2 )
2
at
the points A and B.

k

Diagram 7
Find,
(a) the value of k,
(b) the are of the shaded region P
(c) the volume generated, in terms of , when the shaded region Q is revolved 360
o

about the x axis.
Answer : (a) k = 5 (b) area = 20.83 (c) volume =
5
32


24
B
A
4 + x y
P
Q
y
x