( x)
y
x
Assumptions (in addition to incompressible, steady & 2-D) Changes in x direction occur over a distance c 1 1 ~ or, we write = O( ) x C x C Changes in y direction occur over a distance 1 1 ~ or, = O( ) y y << C (boundary layer is thin) u c Re = >> 1 (Reynolds number is large)
Changes in x velocity are proportional to u u = O(u ) 2 Changes in pressure are proportional to u 2 p = O( u ) Now, lets do the order of magnitude analysis: Conservation of Mass u v + =0 x y Now, we introduce our assumed orders. For example:
u u = O( ) x c
Since we have not assumed an order for v variations, just leave this as simply v and say, v v = ( ) y u v + = 0 , they obviously have equal (though opposite) magnitudes and x y therefore orders. Thus, the changes in v scale as: Since v = (u
u u p 2u 2u + v = + 2 + 2 x x y x y
2 u u u u2 u2 ) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) c c c c
u
c
2
<<
u 2
2u is small. y 2
16.100 2002
In order for any viscous terms to remain, this requires that order to the remaining inviscid terms. That is, e.g
( u ( 2u u ) = ( 2 ) x y ) = (
2u be equal in x 2
2 u
( ) 2 = ( ) c u c
u ) 2
In other words,
= (
1 Re
Major result!
y momentum
v v p 2v 2v u + v = + 2 + 2 x y y x y
2 u 1 ( u 2 ) ( u 2 ) ( ) ( u 3 ) ( u ) c c c c 2
= (
1
1 Re
) gives:
1 Re 1 Re
3 2
Re
) (
) ( Re ) (
) (
1 Re
16.100 2002