Electronic Epigraphy
This documents lists a number of electronic tools that are useful for the study of
inscriptions.
Contents
Electronic Epigraphy......................................................................................................................................1
Contents.......................................................................................................................................................1
several ways of displaying the results: per individual text and as a concordance which is
very useful for comparative purposes. The site has a succinct helpfile. The texts are easily
downloadable (and can be exported to a wordprocessor or database). The texts are all in
unicode format, and they offer limited bibliographic information. You will need a unicode
Greek font, such as Gentium (see below). NB the site works with most browsers: you will
need to turn on JAVA. The helpdesk is very responsive. The only (obvious) snag is, that
you will have to be online to access the data.
PHI 7 (CDROM)
Several years ago the Packard Humanities Institute published a CD ROM (PHI 7) with a
very large selection of Greek inscriptions – and a few Latin ones- as well as the Duke
database of papyri. (A list of contents of the CD ROM is available on the website of
Cornell: http://132.236.125.30/content.html). You will need to use a separate search
program. The disk is available on the network of the Faculty of Arts, University of
Groningen. The CD Rom contains less data than the website, but there are some very
good reasons to work with the CD Rom, as the search programmes that were developed
for the CD Rom offer various nice features that the website does not.
Over the years various other search programmes were developed for this CD ROM on
Mac and Windows platforms. These programs are normally designed for the TLG disk.
The best place to find out more and to get links: is the website of the Thesaurus Linguae
Graecae. http://www.tlg.uci.edu/about/cd_soft.php which offers information for PC and
Mac users. It does not list as yet the best program: Diogenes (see below)
Antiquarium (Windows).
Another player in this field has been the program Antiquarium which is an equally superb search program
for the PHI 7 CD-ROM, it works also for TLG (Greek literary texts) and PHI 5 (Latin literary texts). It runs
only on PCs (or MACs with PC emulation such as Virtual PC). Like the others, it allows you to perform
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complex searches, which it performs very fast. It uses UNICODE and it contains special glyphs for rare
epigraphic symbols, which are made available in a freely downloadable font. Another advantage is that it
can be integrated with the electronic version of Liddell and Scott’s Greek dictionary. It is not cheap, but it is
great to work with. http://antiquarium.eremus.org/ (not responsive on 29/05/09).
Some of the other programs may still have their uses (especially for ‘legacy’ hardware).
Pandora (MAC)
This program was developed by the American Philological Association for the MAC. It is now at version 3,
but only works under system 9 (Classic), not OS X, and it does not use Unicode. The program will not be
further developed.Links have stopped working.
Workplace (WIN)
http://www.silvermnt.com/wpinfo.aspx
This is one of the best known search programs. It is now at version 10, and it is still being developed
further. It has many useful features including Built-in link to the online Perseus intermediate Liddell-Scott
lexicon. It has some feature that may be of interest to users of the Logos/Libronix system (see below under
Dictionaries). It has a facility to export text in Unicode format.
portal, which so far focus on Latin inscriptions. This gives access to the EDH as well as
to The Epigraphic database, Bari (EDB) and The Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR) (see
below)
Greece
Philippoi
http://www.philippoi.de/index.php
The inscriptions of Philippoi. A growing number of photographs of inscriptions from
Philippoi are put on-line by Prof. Peter Pilhofer of Erlangen University.
Eleusis
http://eleusis.library.cornell.edu/
This site contains photographs of the inscriptions from Eleusis.
Thespiae
Crete
Thrace
Laconia
Athens
Corinth
Asia Minor
Aphrodisias
The inscriptions of Aphrodisias that were published by Joyce Reynolds and Charlotte
Roueché are now also published in an electronic version:
ALA2004
http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/ala2004
In 2004 Charlotte Roueché has republished her corpus Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity: The
Late Roman and Byzantine Inscriptions, on-line in a revised second edition.
IAph2007
http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/iaph2007/index.html
An expanded edition of Joyce Reynolds’ Aphrodisias and Rome is now published as:
Joyce Reynolds, Charlotte Roueché, Gabriel Bodard, Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (2007).
Boubon
http://www.eie.gr/nhrf/institutes/igra/projects/boubon/agora.asp
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This website offers a preliminary presentation of the results of three survey campaigns
conducted in Boubon and its territory in 2004-2006 as part of the Cibyratis Project of the
University of Heidelberg under the direction of Thomas Corsten in collaboration with
Christina Kokkinia of the Institute of Greek and Roman Antiquity (ΚΕRΑ) of the
National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens (NHRF/ΕΙΕ). It includes a corpus of
the inscriptions found in Boubon and its territory, 15 of which are published here for the
first time.
Nemrud Dag
The International Nemrud Foundation has made available texts photos and translations of
the Nomos inscriptions on the West and East-terraces
Pergamon
http://www.dainst.org/index.php?id=902
The DAI makes available for download as PDF a number of publications of inscriptions
from Pergamon that were not included in I.Pergamon. The majority was published in AM
1899-1913, but other publications are also included.
Xanthos
http://www.hst.ulaval.ca/xanthos/eng/index_eng.html
The Canadian excavators of the site of Xanthos-Letoon have a site with photographs of
the inscriptions from the excavations. (There are references allowing for easy retrieval of
the original publication of the text).
Other areas
Israel
North Africa
Vindolanda
Hispania Epigraphica
http://www.ubi-erat-lupa.austrogate.at/hispep/public/index.php
An Online database of roman inscriptions from the Iberian Peninsula.
Vindolanda
Thematic collections:
manumission
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Bibliography
Absolute Beginners Guide
http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannijf/epigraphy1.htm
A first place to look is my brief, but by now a bit dated, Introduction to Greek and Latin
Epigraphy: An Absolute Beginners Guide.
Guide de l’épigraphiste
http://www.antiquite.ens.fr/txt/dsa-publications-guidepigraphiste-fr.htm
This is a crucial resource. The guide itself is not available on-line. However, supplements
are now being produced between the printed editions and these can be downloaded. This
is a good way of keeping up-to-date with the latest major publications.
Useful links
Kirke
http://www.kirke.hu-berlin.de/ressourc/ressourc.html
A useful web-site with links to classical subjects is KIRKE, which has also a section
dedicated to epigraphy.
Fonti epigraphiche
http://www.rassegna.unibo.it/epigrafi.html
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A very comprehensive site (in Italian) with links to and descriptions of many epigraphic
websites
Periodicals
Many periodicals are now available also electronically via JSTOR and similar projects.
Consult the catalogue of the University Library. In addition to these you may want to
consult:
L’Année Epigraphique
http://www.anneeepigraphique.msh-paris.fr/
The leading survey of epigraphic publications (Latin and Greek) that are relevant to the
study of the Roman Empire. The site contains some information on the periodical, contact
addresses and information on the indexes.
Bulletin Epigraphique
http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/BulletinEpigraphique.html
A brief site with basic information on this yearly survey of Greek epigraphic publications.
(The link was broken on 29 May 2009)
Abbreviations of publications:
Publications of Greek and Latin inscriptions often have complex titles. It has become
customary to refer to these by means of abbreviations and acronyms. Complete
consistency is probably beyond anybody’s reach: but try to follow as much as you can
some of the more authoritative lists as e.g.
SEG
http://www.geschiedenis.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=22&c=169
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DGE
http://www.filolcsic.es/dge/1st/21st3.htm
http://www.moderna1.ih.csic.es/claros/cnc/2cnc.htm
The site of Claros DGE has a similar list.
Frankfurt abbreviations
http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~clauss/abkuerz.html
www.manfredclauss.de/
A list that includes Latin inscriptions.
Aristarchos (WIN)
Aristarchos is a freeware program that allows the user to search for abbreviations
commonly used for periodicals, series and monographs in archaeology. It is an extremely
useful tool that can be downloaded from
http://www.archeolinks.com/aristarchos.htm
Images
It is easy to forget that inscriptions have a material side to them. Various projects now
offer photographs or scans of Greek and Latin inscriptions.
CSAD
A major collection of images, including photographs, and scans of squeezes is put on the
web by the Center for the Study of Ancient Documents in Oxford. These cover
http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/
OHIO
Images from the squeeze collection of Ohio State University
(A large collection, mainly of classical Greek inscriptions.
http://epigraphy.osu.edu/attic/default.cfm
Lexical tools
Lewis and Short (ONLINE)
http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/
The Perseus project has made available online versions of Lewis. An Elementary Latin
Dictionary and Lewis and Short. A Latin Dictionary.
The Perseus project has made available online versions of Liddell and Scott Greek-
English Dictionary and of the Intermediate Liddell and Scott. They can be integrated
with epigraphic search programs like Diogenes and Workplace.
Unicode fonts:
There ared many Greek fonts available. For epigraphy you will need to make sure that
the font includes glyphs for various epigraphic symbols.
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Among the fonts that are freely available you may have a look at:
Gentium: http://scripts.sil.org/gentium
Cardo: http://scholarsfonts.net/index.html
New Athena Unicode:
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~pinax/greekkeys/NAUdownload.html
Keyboard programs:
If you want to type Greek as well you will need a keyboard programme:
Greekkeys (MAC)
http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~pinax/greekkeys/GreekKeys.html
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This package has been around for a while now. A new version, which has full UNICODE
support is now available for c. E35,-. It includes font, keyboard program and a conversion
program.
Converters:
There are various tools for the conversion of various non-unicode Greek fonts (both
MAC and WIN), to UNICODE which can save you a lot of time re-typing. Note that in
most cases texts with many dotted letters, various types of bracket, and other epigraphic
signs usually present problems.
Antioch
For easy conversion of (small) texts in various Greek fonts you can use the conversion
utility that is available in ANTIOCH.
Linguist Software
http://www.linguistsoftware.com/
Offers a special program for the transfer of its own old Laser Greek fonts to UNICODE
(both Mac and Windows)
Meander’s Nod
http://www.jiffycomp.com/smr/unicode-converter/
Sean Redmond’s site Meanders’ Nod has an on-line unicode converter. The site was
down for a long time due to migration to another server for some months, but has
fortunately resurfaced recently.
Greekconverter (WIN).
http://members.aon.at/neuhold/antike/grkconv.html
http://home.tele2.at/thersites/antike/grkconv.html
Michael Neuhold offers a program that is still in development.