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CellsandTissuesSequence MedicalHistology

Epithelium
Fall,2008

Tissues [Fr.Tissu,woven;L.texo,toweave ] Atissueisanorganizedaggregationofcellsor groupsofcellsthatfunctioninacoordinated

mannertoperformoneormorespecific functions. Tissuescombinetoformlargerfunctionalunits, calledORGANS.Thus,thetissuesarethe basicfunctionalunitsresponsiblefor maintainingbodyfunctions.

BASICTISSUES
Epithelium Connectivetissue Muscle Nervoustissue
Blood

Epitheliumisacohesivesheetofcellsthat:
1.Coverstheexternalsurfaceandlinestheinternal surfaceofthebody.
Protection(bywithstandingwearandtear,fromhydrationand dehydration) Transport(i.e.O2andC02) SelectiveAbsorption:(Controlthemovementofsubstancesbetween
theoutsideenvironmentandtheinternalcompartmentsinthebody.) Secretion(secretorycells)

2.Formsendocrineandexocrinesecretoryglands.

duct Secretory portion

Junquueira&Carneiro10thEd.P.82
Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed. P. 82

Epithelialliningcellsof SkinIntestine

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection

Multiplelayersofflat(squamous)cells

Singlelayeroftall(columnar)cells

Epithelialcells:

1. 2. 3. 4.

non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells

Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingon thetissuefunction(s). Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasement membrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM). Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration.

Ross/Romrell p. 52

Epithelialcells:

1. 2. 3. 4.

non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells

Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingon thetissuefunction(s). Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasement membrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM). Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration.

Ross/Romrell p. 52

ClassificationofEpithelium

(Pseudostratified)

columnar (Respiratory)

Ross/Romrell p. 53

PseudostratifiedEpithelium

Kierszenbaum p.6

Simplesquamousepithelium:endotheliumandmesothelium

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School

Kierszenbaum p.4

Endothelium/Mesothelium
(SimpleSquamousEpithelium)

Source Undetermined

SimpleCuboidalEpithelium

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School

Kierszenbaum p.4

SimpleColumnarEpithelium

Source Undetermined

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School

Kierszenbaum p.4

Simplecolumnarepithelium liningthegutlumen

lumen

Twolayersof smoothmuscleon thewall

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School

Gray s Anatomy, wikimedia commons

ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations-1

StriatedBorder(Microvilli)

Sources Undetermined

G:gobletcell

(Coreofactinfilaments)

Microvilli

Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608

Source Undetermined

ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations2

CiliaontheRespiratoryEpithelialCells

Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition. Kierszenbaum p.6

coreofmicrotubulesin9+2arrangement(axoneme)

Cilia

cilia

Gobletcells

Basalbodies

Respiratoryepithelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Source Undetermined

9+2 (Axoneme)

Ross

Dyneinisresponsibleforthe sliding.

Rossetal.,4thed.P.94

Alberts et. Al; p 648

DyneinDefectsinImmotileCilia

Source Undetermined

Microvilli

Microvilliandcilia

Cilia

Sources Undetermined

StratifiedSquamousEpithelium
non-keratinizedkeratinized

Kierszenbaum pg 5

Kierszenbaum pg 5

StratifiedSquamousEpithelium

Non-keratinized

Keratinized

Linesesophagus,oralcavity,vagina

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection

Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection

Linesthickandthinskin

TransitionalEpithelium
(urothelium)

Kierszenbaum pg 6

TransitionalEpithelium
(urothelium)

Linestheurinarytract,ureter, bladderandurethra

Source Undetermined

Epithelialcells:

1. 2. 3. 4.

non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells

Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingon thetissuefunction(s). Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasement membrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM). Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration.

Ross/Romrell p. 52

Whatstructuresholdthecells togetherandattachesthe epitheliumtotheconnectivetissue? Ans.Intercellularjunctions

Basementmembrane (basallamina)

Source Undetermined

Maculaadherens(desmosomes)
andIntermediateFilaments

Source Undetermined

MaculaAdherens(desmosome)
Cell1 Cell2 Adhesion plaque (plakoglobin, desmoplakins)

Tonofilaments (Keratin Intermediate Filaments)

Desmocollins

IntercellularSpace

CellMembranes

Boumphreyfr,WikimediaCommons(adapted) Source Undetermined

DesmosomesandIntermediateFilaments
Desmosomesserveas: 1.Spotattachmentsitesfor adjacentcellmembranes. 2.Anchoringsitesfor intermediatefilaments.

Alberts et al., p. 802 Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008

Hemidesmosomesfunctiontoanchor epithelialcellstotheconnective tissueviabasementmembrane (basallamina).

Basement membrane

(basallamina)
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Source Undetermined

Lossofdesmosomefunctionscause BlisteringSkinDisorders
Pemphigus:Separationof epidermalcellsfromeach other(acantholysis)caused bylossofdesmosome functions. Bullouspemphigoid: Separationofepidermis fromthedermisdueto blisteringinthebasement membranecausedbyloss ofanchoringfilamentsand hemidesmosomes.
Source Undetermined

IntercellularJunctionsJunctionalComplex

Sources Undetermined

Zonulaadherens(intermediatejunction)

Lady of Hats, Wikipedia

Darnell, et. al., p.608

ZonulaadherensMaculaadherens
Intermediatejunction Adheringjunction Cadherins Linkedtoactin filaments Adhesionbelt Desmosome Adheringjunction Cadherins Linkedtointermediate filaments Spotadheringjunction

ZonulaOccludens(TightJunction)
servesasa Selective Permeability Barrier

Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82

Lady of Hats, Wikipedia

Source Undetermined

Zonulaoccludens(tightjunction)

Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5

Freeze-fracturepreparation

Alberts et al., p. 795 BloomandFawcettp.67

-communicatingjunction SixConnexinsubunitsassembletoformaConnexon.

Nexus(gapJunction)

Alberts et al., p. 802

Lady of Hats, Wikipedia

GapJunction

Sources Undetermined

Epithelialcells:
1. 2. 3. 4. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingon thetissuefunction(s). Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasement membrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM). Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration.

non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells

Ross/Romrell p.52

Epithelium
Types-simple&stratified(pseudostratified) Apicalcellsurfacespecializations
Microvilli-actinfilaments Cilia-microtubules(dyneins)

Intercellularjunctions Zonulaoccludens(tightjunction)-ridgesandgrooves,
sealintercellularspaces-Selectivepermeabilitybarrier Zonulaadherens-actinfilaments-celltocelladhesion Maculaadherens(desmosome)-intermediatefilaments -attachmentplaque(spot) Hemidesmosome-attachesepitheliumtobasallamina Nexus(gapjunction)-connexons-celltocell communication

EpithelialcellsformSecretoryGlands

Glands:Groupingsofcellsspecializedfor
secretion Secretionistheprocessbywhichsmallmolecules aretakenupandtransformed,byintracellular biosynthesis,intoamorecomplexproductthatis thenactivelyreleasedfromthecell. Exocrine(ducts)andendocrine(ductless)glands

SecretoryEpithelialcells

Source Undetermined

DevelopmentofEndocrineandExocrineGlands

Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82

SecretoryUnitsandGlandularCells

Image of secretory units and glandular cells removed

Kim, S.K.

TwoSecretoryPathways
RegulatedSecretion:Secretory granulesaccumulateincellsand thegranulecontentisreleasedby exocytosisuponstimulation.
Exocytosis

ConstitutiveSecretion:The secretoryproductisnot concentratedintogranulesbutis releasedcontinuouslyinsmall vesicles.

Kim, S.K.

LearningObjectives
Aftertoday ssession,thestudentsareexpectedto:

1. Beabletoclassifyepitheliaandidentifyeachtype. 2. Recognizefourtypesofintercellularjunctionsand hemidesmosomesattheelectronmicroscopeleveland knowtheirfunctions. 3. Identifytheapicalspecializationsandknowtheir functions. 4. Beabletocorrelatedifferenttypesofepitheliatotheir functionsandknowwhereinthebodyeachtypeoccurs. 5. Knowhowspecializedandnon-specializedepithelialcells arerenewed. 6. Knowhowexocrineandendocrineglandsformandbe abletorecognizesecretorycells.

formoreinformationsee:http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Slide 6: Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed., pg 82 Slide 7: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 8: Ross/Romrell p.52 Slide 9: Ross/Romrell p.52 Slide 10: Ross/Romrell p.53 Slide 11: Kierszenbaum p.6 Slide 12: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4 Slide 13: Source Undetermined Slide 14: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4 Slide 15: Source Undetermined; Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4 Slide 16: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Grays Anatomy, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray1056.png Slide 17: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined Slide 18: Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608; Source Undetermined Slide 19: Kierszenbaum p.6; K. Verhey Slide 20: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined Slide 21: Ross Slide 22: Rossetal.,4thed.P.94;Ross; Alberts et al., pg 648 Slide 23: Source Undetermined Slide 24: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined Slide 25: Kierszenbaum; Kierszenbaum Slide 26: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Slide 27: Kierszenbaum, pg 6 Slide 28: Source Undetermined

AdditionalSourceInformation

Slide 29: Ross/Romrell p.52 Slide 30: Source Undetermined Slide 31: Source Undetermined Slide 32: Source Undetermined; CC BY Boumphreyfr, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_junctions.png, CC:BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Slide 33: Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008; Alberts et al., p. 802 Slide 34: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined Slide 35: Source Undetermined Slide 36: Source Undetermined Slide 37: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adherens_Junctions_structural_proteins.svg; Darnell, et. al., p.608 Slide 39: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cellular_tight_junction_en.svg; Source Undetermined; Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82 Slide 40:Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5; Slide 41: Alberts et al., p. 795; Bloom and Fawcett p. 67 Slide 42: Alberts et al., p. 802; Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gap_cell_junction_en.svg Slide 43: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined Slide 44: Ross/Romrell p.52 Slide 47: Source Undetermined Slide 48: Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82 Slide 49: Sun-Kee Kim Slide 50: Sun-Kee Kim