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FORM 3 CHAPTER 7 (CONT) 7.3 Quantity of electric current measured using ammeter. -ammeter has to be connected in series -s.i.

. unit: amperes (A) 1A= 1000 mA 1mA=1000 microamperes -electric current measured, positive terminal of ammeter must connect to +ve terminal of battery and for negative, vice versa -value is shown by deflection of ammeter pointer -if the connections are wrong, pointer will be below zero -milliammeter used to measure VERY small amount of current Voltage is difference in electrical charges between 2 points in an electric circuit -measured by voltmeter -s.i.unit: volts (V) -voltmeter has to connect by parallel -battery increases electric potential e of electrons, voltage of battery is a measure of how much electric potential energy an electron gains. Voltage increase, more electric potential e is available to transform into other forms of energy

7.4 Resistor= electrical component that designed to provide CERTAIN resistance that oppose flow of electric current in a circuit Used to reduce current flow in circuit & maintain steady current Two types: i) fixed resistor-one fixed resistance ii) variable resistor/rheostat-variable resistance that can be changed Application: rheostat in radio , tv, fan, oven to control temperature and speed Resistance depends on these factors: i) length of wire ii) thickness of wire iii)material used Ohms Law= Current that flows through metal conductor is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the p.d, if resistance remains constant R=V/I

7.5 Electric components represented by certain symbols Complete electric circuit consists of : i)electric source ii)connecting wires iii)switch iv)electric components Complete circuit/closed circuit and incomplete/open circuit Switch used to connect/disconnect circuit: i)turn on to allow electrons flow, turn off to stop flow of current

7.6 Series circuit (advantages): -single switch control all appliances -battery supplies more power. (total voltage is the sum of the voltage of each cell)

-current increases if number of dry cells increase -single switch control all appliances -battery supplies more power. (total voltage is the sum of the voltage of each cell) -current increases if number of dry cells increase -rheostat connected controls the current that flows through all the bulbs. Bulb has equal brightness. Disadvantages: -one bulbs fuses, others will not light up.incomplete circuit -each bulb does not receive full voltage, more bulbs added, dimmer -voltage is shared equally, more bulbs added, voltage across each bulb decreases -current flow in a circuit decreases if more components are connected series -dry cell in series discharge quickly Parallel circuit (advantages) -current flows more than one path -if one fuses, others still light up -house appliances are in parallel -bulb receive full voltage, all has same brightness -controlled individual thru their own switch -cells connected in parallel supply energy for a longer time than one cell of the same voltage Disadvantage: -each is controlled by own switch. Not suitable for places like a large hall with many lights and fans -if too many resisotrs connected in parallel, large current flowing in the main branch. Too dangerous

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