STRUCTURAL CALCULATION

SUSPENDED BRIDGE

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PEDESTRIAN SUSPENDED BRIDGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1

INTRODUCTION

1.2

ARCHITECTURAL INPUTS

1.3

LOAD ANALYSIS

1.3.1

CONSTANT LOAD

1.3.2

LIVE LOAD

1.3.3

ACCIDENTAL LOAD

1.3.4

WIND LOAD

1.3.5

LOAD COMBINATIONS

1.4

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1.4.1

SUSPENDERS

1.4.2

HANDRAIL

1.4.3

MAIN CABLES

1.4.4

DECKING

11

1.4.5

CROSS BEAMS

13

2.

CONNECTIONS

14

2.1

TOP SUSPENSION ROPE CONCRETE COLUMN

14

2.2

HANDRAIL CONCRETE COLUMN

15

2.3

BOTTOM SUSPENSION ROPE CONCRETE COLUMN

16

2.4

TOP SUSPENSION ROPE SUSPENDERS

16

2.5

SUSPENDERS HANDRAIL ROPE

17

2.6

SUSPENDERS - CROSS BEAMS

17

3.

QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS

18

4.

INSTALATION METHODOLOGY

19

5.

DRAWINGS

19

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.1

INTRODUCTION

The span for pedestrian suspended cable bridge is 20,7m divided in 10 parts. Bridge walkable width is
80 cm. Referenced floor level is 140.70 but in middle of span level of horizontal suspension cable is
0.5m lower. Top suspension cables are attached to concrete columns 900x20cm on elevation 143.30
mnm.
1.2

ARCHITECTURAL INPUTS

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.3

LOAD ANALYSIS

1.3.1

CONSTANT LOAD
Assumptions/Conversions
Suspenders

Cross beams

Loading

GERRO16-B (or equivalent)

SL1

2,5m

4 pcs

SL2

1,8m

4 pcs

SL3

1,5m

4 pcs

SL4

1,2m

4 pcs

SL5

1,1m

2 pcs

PFCH 100x50x10mm, L= 1000mm

Weight: insignificant

Weight: 1.122 kN

(11 pcs)
Weight: 0,102 KN/m

Decking

Cables

4 cm x 75 cm x 210 cm,
3
V1 = 0.063 m (10pcs), V10=0,63m
2
Decking area: 15,52 m
Timber, assume 9,5 KN/ m

15.52m

0,38
Total:

5,89KN
5,89KN

12 mm 7x19 Stainless Steel Wire,

Weight: insignificant
CL1

21,212 m

2pcs

CL2

20,732 m

2pcs

CL3

20,732 m

2pcs

CL3 GERRO 16-B (or equivalent)

Electrical

0,05 KN/m2

0.75 KN

fittings and
equipment

Area: 15,5 m2

Total CL = 7.6 kN
Average constant weight per bridge square meter: 0,49 KN/m2
1.3.2

LIVE LOAD
2

Pedestrian bridge live load: LL=3KN/m

1.3.3

ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Asymetrical load: AL=2kN/m

1.3.4
1.3.5

WIND LOAD
WL= 1.5 KN/m
LOAD COMBINATIONS

Comb1: 1,4DL + 1,6 LL

Comb 1 = 1.4x 0,49 + 1,6x3=5,49 KN/m2

Comb 2: 1,2DL + 1,2 LL +1,2 WL

Comb 2 = 1,2x 0,49 + 1,2x3 + 1,2x1,5=4,19 + 1,80 kN/m

4

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.4

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1.4.1

SUSPENDERS
Suspenders transfer the loads from the deck to main cables, and are attached to crossbeams
at 2 meter intervals. Thus, with a 0,80 meter deck width, each suspender has a tributary area of
2
2x0,4=0.8 m, Comb 1 =5,49 KN/m and thus must be able to carry 4.39 KN.

According manufacturer specifications for above analyzed loads and conditions,

GC16-B, GC16-BK and rope GC16-R (or equivalent) is recommended for suspenders and fittings.
GERRO COMBI Combination Rope consists of a combination of steel and fibre rope.

Steel wire strands covered with Polypropylene (PP) multifilament.

Minimum tensile strength of wire: Galvanized 160 kp/mm=1570 N/mm.
Different colours are available; red, blue, green, yellow, black and also
as a mix of these.

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.4.2

HANDRAIL

Maximal handraile reaction is 11.65 KN (COMB 1).

For handrails is reccomandation to use same profile rope as for suspenders.

According manufacturer specifications for above analyzed loads and conditions,

GC16-B and rope GC16-R (or equivalent) is recommended for suspenders and fittings.

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.4.3

MAIN CABLES

For calculation of internal cable forces it was made realistic model of bridge.
Bridge span is 20,7m separated into 10 parts, each part lenght is 2,07m.
1
Cables are wire rope 12mm 7x19 timber cross-beams are 100x100mm and decking plates height is 40 mm.
GEOMETRY

Mark (Cab 2x7x19),

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

LOADS

Dead Load

Live load

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

Wind load

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

RESULTS

Comb 1: Axial force in cable

Comb 2: Axial force in cable

10

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

Top suspension rope:

Max Fx1=70.83KN

7x19 steel rope

MBL - Minimum Break Load = The stress which, when steadily applied to a structural member, is just sufficient
to break or rupture it. Also known as ultimate load.
SWL - Safe Working Load = Briefly defined, the 'safe working load' of a line is the load that can be applied without
causing any kind of damage to the wire rope. In manufacturer table above safety factor is 6.
2

According manufacturer specifications and for above analyzed loads and conditions,
12mm 7x19 Stainless Steel Wire Rope (or equivivalent) is recommended for top suspension cable.
The 12mm 7x19 Stainless Steel Wire Rope (or equivivalent) is recommended for footwires cable.

1.4.4

DECKING

L=2.07m, plank 4,0x20cm

2

Floor load: 5,49KN/m x 0.20 = 1.1 KN/m per plank

2

Moments: Mmax=(q*L )/8=1,1*2,07 /8=0,6 KNm

S3i Group ( http://www.s3i.co.uk/7x19.php)

11

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

TIMBER STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CODE: EN 1995-1:2004/A1:2008
ANALYSIS TYPE: Member Verification
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CODE GROUP:
MEMBER: Timber Plank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 5 COMB 1 1*1.40+2*1.60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MATERIAL TIMBER
gM = 1.25
f m,0,k = 18.00 MPa
f t,0,k = 11.00 MPa
f c,0,k = 18.00 MPa
f v,k = 2.00 MPa
f t,90,k = 0.30 MPa
f c,90,k = 4.80 MPa
E 0,moyen = 9000.00 MPa
E 0,05 = 6000.00 MPa
G moyen = 700.00 MPa
Service class: 1
Beta c = 1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION PARAMETERS: PLANK
ht=40 mm
bf=200 mm
Ay=6667 mm2
Az=1333 mm2
Ax=8000 mm2
tw=20 mm
Iy=1066667 mm4
Iz=26666667 mm4
Ix=3728870 mm4
tf=20 mm
Wely=53333 mm3
Welz=266667 mm3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------STRESSES
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
Sig_m,y,d = MY/Wy= -0.39/53333 = -7.36 MPa
f m,y,d = 9.50 MPa
f v,d = 0.96 MPa
Tau z,d = 1.5*-1.14/8000 = -0.21 MPa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Factors and additional parameters
km = 0.70
kh = 1.10
kmod = 0.60
Ksys = 1.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Sig_m,y,d/f m,y,d = 7.36/9.50 = 0.77 < 1.00 (6.11)
Tau z,d/f v,d = 0.21/0.96 = 0.22 < 1.00 (6.13)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section OK !!!
12

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

1.4.5

CROSS BEAMS
2

Floor load: 5,49KN/m , Tributary area length = 2,07m

Cross beam load: 11,36 KN/m
2

Moments: Mmax=(q*L )/8=11,36*1 /8=1,42 KNm

STEEL DESIGN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CODE: British Standard BS 5950:2000
ANALYSIS TYPE: Member Verification
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CODE GROUP:
MEMBER: Pedestrian bridge cross beam PFCH 100x50x10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 5 COMB 1 1*1.40+2*1.60
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MATERIAL
S275
py = 275000000.00
E = 205000000000.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION PARAMETERS: PFCH 100x50x10
D=100 mm
B=50 mm
Ay=0 cm2
Az=0 cm2
A=13 cm2
t=5 mm
Iy=208 cm4
Iz=32 cm4
Ix=0 cm4
T=8.5 mm
Wely=42 cm3
Welz=10 cm3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTERNAL FORCES
My = 0.00
Mz = 1423.12
Mlt = 0.00
Mymax = 0.00
Mzmax = 1423.12
mlt = 1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CAPACITIES
Mcy = 13447.50
Mcz = 4037.50
Section class = 1
Mey = 11440.00
Mez = 2691.67
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Section check
My/Mcy + Mz/Mcz = 0.35 < 1.00 (4.8.3.2)
Member stability check
Not analyzed
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section OK !!!
13

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

2.

CONNECTIONS

2.1

TOP SUSPENSION ROPE CONCRETE COLUMN

The tensile cable force is 70,83 KN.
Anchors are compound by U shaped steel bar S235; Tensile load is dissipated to 4 bars. Assumption is that load dissipation is asymmetrical (ratio 2:3).
The largest computational load per pair of bars is L=70.83 x(2/3) = 47,22 KN
Steel properties: S=235 MPa=0,235 KN/mm2
Bar section area: 47,22/0,235=200,9 mm2
For anchors is recommended to install
4 steel bars (S235), diameter 14mm. Bars are prepared and fixed in right position before concreting of column.

14

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

2.2

HANDRAIL CONCRETE COLUMN

Connection is same as the top connection.

15

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

2.3

BOTTOM SUSPENSION ROPE CONCRETE COLUMN

2.4

TOP SUSPENSION ROPE SUSPENDERS

Top suspension rope is 12mm 7x19 Stainless Steel Wire Rope (or equivivalent).
Suspenders are GC16-F (or equivalent).

GC16-F

16

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

2.5

SUSPENDERS HANDRAIL ROPE

GERRO GC16-C
2.6

SUSPENDERS - CROSS BEAMS

17

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

3.

QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS

POS
1

DESCRIPTION
Supports in concrete wall

Fittings anchored into columns

Fork tensioner wire rope assembly

Suspenders, GERRO GC16-R (or equivalent)

SL1
SL2
SL3
SL4
SL5

UNITS

TOTAL

pcs

pcs
4 pcs
4 pcs
4 pcs
4 pcs
2 pcs

2,02m
1,61m
1,31m
1,15m
1,10m

Main Cables: 12 mm 7x19 Stainles Steel

CL1

21,08 m

CL2

20,58 m

pcs

2pcs
2pcs

Handrails: GERRO GC16-R (or equivalent)

HL1

20,68 m

Stainless steel netting,

pcs

2pcs

pcs

H=110cm, L=20,7m
5

Walkway timber deck

(planks h=40 mm), L=2,07 m

pcs

40

Cross beams PFC 100x50x10mm, L=100cm.

pcs

11

Connection GERRO GC16-F

pcs

18

Connection GERRO GC16-C

pcs

18

Connection suspenders-cross beam

pcs

18

10

EQA 100X8mm (L=150mm)

pcs

16

18

Pedestrian Suspension Bridge

4.

INSTALATION METHODOLOGY

5.

DRAWINGS
No

DRAWING NAME

SCALE

LAYOUT

1:75, 1:50

SECTION AND DETAILS

1:75, 1:20, 1:10

19