Issue: 1
A25000-A1600-A070-01-76P1
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. The documentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation. The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products are given "as is" and all liability arising in connection with such hardware or software products shall be defined conclusively and finally in a separate agreement between Nokia Siemens Networks and the customer. However, Nokia Siemens Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Siemens Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Siemens Networks, explain issues which may not be covered by the document. Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR DATA,THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT. This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws. The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG. Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only. Copyright Nokia Siemens Networks 2011. All rights reserved.
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Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Intended audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Structure of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Symbols and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 History of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 RoHS compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Statutory statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Safety distance requirements (compliance boundaries) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Assessment applying SAR measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Assessment of compliance boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annex A: Limits for occupational and general public exposures . . . . . . 15 Annex B: Assessment of compliance to requirements refers to ETSI TR 102 457 (2006-08), EN 50385 (2002) and EN 50384 (2002). . . . . . . . . 16 Annex C: Compliance boundary limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Annex C1: Boundary limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Type approval marking for FlexiPacket MultiRadio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Warnings and notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Returning faulty units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table of Contents
This document has 27 pages. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 2.1 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 7
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9
WEEE label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Compliance boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Top view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Side view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (outer diameter of the antenna is used, F=15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (innser diameter of the antenna is used, F=13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 GHz type approval sticker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8 GHz type approval sticker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 15 GHz type approval sticker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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Structure of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 List of symbols and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 History of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Whole body SAR exclusion power levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Basic restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Reference values from basic restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (XD antennas): 1+0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (XD antennas): 1+1 HSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (FH antennas): 1+0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (FH antennas): 1+1 HSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
List of Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10
Preface
1 Preface
This document provides the information to take into account when installing the FlexiPacket MultiRadio.
1.1
Intended audience
This document is intended to the radio network planners and to the technicians in charge to install the FlexiPacket MultiRadio.
1.2
Table 1
1.3
Preface
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Representation
Meaning A safety message indicates a dangerous situation where personal injury is possible. The keywords denote hazard levels with the following meaning: DANGER! - Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious (irreversible) personal injury. WARNING! - Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious (irreversible) personal injury. CAUTION! - Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate (reversible) personal injury.
w NOTICE: g t
Bold
A property damage message indicates a hazard that may result in equipment damage, data loss, traffic interruption, and so on. A note provides important information related to the topic, for example, not obvious exceptions to a rule or side effects. A tip provides additional information related to the topic which is not essential in the context, but given for convenience. All names of graphical user interface (GUI) objects, such as windows, field names, buttons, and so on Example: Select the Full Screen check box and press OK Terms and abbreviations which are linked to an entry in the glossary and list of abbreviations respectively. Important key words Files, folders and file system paths Example: /usr/etc/sbin/ftpd.exe Emphasized words Input to be typed in a command line or a GUI field. Examples: ping -t 192.168.0.1 Enter World in the Domain field Output from a command, error messages, content of a status line, and so on File content, such as program sources, scripts, logs, and settings. Placeholders, for example as part of a file name or field value. Examples: <picture name>.png or <ip address>:<port number>
Italic
typewriter
<angle brackets>
Table 2
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Meaning
Preface
A key to be pressed on a PC keyboard, for example [F11]. Keys to be pressed simultaneously are concatenated with a + sign, for example [CTRL]+[ALT]+[DEL]. Keys to be pressed one after another are concatenated with spaces, for example [ESC] [SPACE] [M]
>
The greater than symbol > is used to concatenate a series of GUI items in order to depict a GUI path. This is an abridged presentation of a procedure to be carried out in order to perform an action or display a window or dialog box. Examples: A simple menu path: File > Save as ... A more complex GUI path: SURPASS TransNet window > Tools menu > 3R-Matrix Report command > 3R-Matrix Report dialog box
Table 2
Screenshots of the Graphical User Interface are examples only to illustrate principles. This especially applies to a software version number visible in a screenshot.
1.4
History of changes
Issue 1 Issue date January 2011 1st version Remarks
Table 3
History of changes
1.5
Figure 1
WEEE label
Preface
The correct disposal and separate collection of waste equipment will help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health. It is a precondition for reuse and recycling of used electrical and electronic equipment. For more detailed information about disposal of such equipment, please contact Nokia Siemens Networks. The above statements are fully valid only for equipment installed in the countries of the European Union and is covered by the directive 2002/96/EC. Countries outside the European Union may have other regulations regarding the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment.
1.6
RoHS compliance
FlexiPacket MultiRadio complies with the European Union RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. The directive applies to the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) in electrical and electronic equipment put on the market after 1 July 2006. Materials usage information on Nokia Siemens Networks Electronic Information Products imported or sold in the Peoples Republic of China FlexiPacket MultiRadio complies with the Chinese standard SJ/T 11364-2006 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. The standard applies to the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in electrical and electronic equipment put on the market after 1 March 2007.
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Statutory statements
2 Statutory statements
2.1 CE statement
The CE conformity declaration for the product is fulfilled when the system is built and cabled in line with the information given in the manual and the documentation specified within it, such as installation instructions, cable lists or the like. Where necessary projectspecific documentation should be taken into consideration. Deviations from the specifications or independent modifications to the layout, such as use of cable types with lower screening values for example, can lead to violation of the CE protection requirements. In such cases the conformity declaration is invalidated. The responsibility for any problems which subsequently arise rests with the party responsible for deviating from the installation specifications.
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f f
WARNING The antenna generates electromagnetic fields at radio frequencies. Do not cross the compliance boundary.
WARNING This equipment generates electromagnetic fields. If performing installation or maintenance procedures on the antenna systems, make sure that all the transmitters in the area are switched off.
When assessing the applicable boundaries, the European standards EN 50383, EN 50384, EN 50385, and Council recommendation 1999/519/EC for occupational and general public electromagnetic exposure limits have been applied. For more information, see Annex A: Limits for occupational and general public exposures, Annex B: Assessment of compliance to requirements refers to ETSI TR 102 457 (2006-08), EN 50385 (2002) and EN 50384 (2002) and Annex C: Compliance boundary limits.
3.1
Table 4
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Occupational
Max power [W]=occupational whole body SAR limit [W/kg]*42 [kg]: 16-year-old worker body mass =16.8 W
Table 4
Localized SAR measurement can be used only when 1. the separation between the phantom and the outer surface of the energy generating element is 40 cm or less; 2. the surface area of the energy generating element is less than 60 cm by 30 cm; 3. the frequency is in the range of 800 to 3000 MHz. For the reasons above, SAR measurements are not applicable to FlexiPacket MultiRadio antennas.
3.2
Figure 2
Compliance boundary
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Figure 3
Top view
Figure 4
Side view
General public (GP) and Occupational (O) compliance boundaries for the FlexiHopper (Plus) Microwave Radio Family are presented in the following tables on maximum power level at the antenna input in single and protected configurations. According to EN 50385, there is no need for safety distance if the mean transmit power is less than 20 mW concerning General Public. According to EN 50384, there is no need for safety distance if the mean transmit power is less than 100 mW concerning Occupational exposure. If these limits are exceeded, the safety distances are calculated using the guide lines given in Annex B: Assessment of compliance to requirements refers to ETSI TR 102 457 (2006-08), EN 50385 (2002) and EN 50384 (2002).
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3.3
Basic restrictions
Notes: All SAR values are to be averaged over any period of 6 minutes. Localized SAR averaging mass is any 10 g of contiguous tissue: the maximum SAR so obtained should be the value used for the estimation of exposure. Basic restrictions between 10 GHz and 300 GHz are given in power densities. For occupational exposure it is 50 Wm-2 and for general public exposure it is 10 Wm-2.
From basic restrictions, reference values are calculated, which are: Exposure characteristics Occupational exposure Frequency range 10 -400 GHz 400-2000 MHz 2-300 GHz General public exposure 10 -400 GHz 400-2000 MHz 2-300 GHz Table 6 Electric field strength V/m 61 3f1/2 137 28 1.375f1/2 61 Equivalent plane wave power density S (W m-2) 10 f/40 50 2 f/200 10
Notes: f is frequency in MHz. For frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 GHz, S is to be averaged over any period of 6 minutes. For frequencies exceeding 10 GHz, S is to be averaged over any period of 68/f1.05 minutes (f in GHz).
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3.4
Annex B: Assessment of compliance to requirements refers to ETSI TR 102 457 (2006-08), EN 50385 (2002) and EN 50384 (2002)
The Council Recommendation, reference 1999/519/EC, defines limits as basic restrictions and reference levels. Basic restrictions are based on established health effects and biological considerations while reference levels are defined for practical exposure assessment purposes to determine whether the basic restrictions are likely to be exceeded. Basic restrictions below 10 GHz are expressed as SAR values, where as density is used for frequencies above 10 GHz. Reference levels are expressed as power density from 2-200 GHz, which covers almost all frequencies used for fixed radio services. Thus compliance to the basic restrictions can be achieved by compliance to the reference levels through out that frequency range. In cases where necessary the basic restrictions can be used below 10 GHz to demonstrate compliance. The highest power densities appear very close to the antennas as demonstrated in ETSI Report by calculations, simulation, and measurements. Compliance boundary is contained in a cylinder aligned with the principal axis and with the diameter equal to antenna outer diameter up to a distance Rlim from the antenna. The maximum power density (S max) of the near field of a parabolic antenna is calculated from the equation:
Where: y is the spatial averaging factor (In these calculations, =0.8). D is the antenna diameter. F is the near field parameter. If D is the outer diameter of the antenna, F=15. If D is the inner diameter of the antenna, F=13. P is the aggregated mean power of the transmitter(s) at the antenna connector.
Slim is given in Table 5 Basic restrictions for Occupational exposures (50 W/m2) and for General Public exposures (10 W/m2). It can be shown that out side a circular tube surrounding the parabolic reflector and parallel to the main axis, the power density is below -10 dB relative to the overall peak value. This bound applies well to various types of practical circular parabolic antennas with different tapering functions as shown in the ETSI Report.
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The power density bounds to evaluate safety distances are illustrated in Figure 5 Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (outer diameter of the antenna is used, F=15) and Figure 6 Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (innser diameter of the antenna is used, F=13). X2 is a corner point between near-field and far-field segments which depend on antenna efficiency.
Figure 5
Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (outer diameter of the antenna is used, F=15)
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Figure 6
Envelope template for power density in the main lobe of parabolic antennas (innser diameter of the antenna is used, F=13)
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.
Dfront triangle GP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.5
3.5.1
1 active transmitter per XD antenna (1+0) (Note 1) Freq. (GHz) 7-8 Antenna diameter [m] 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.8 15 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.8 Table 7
GP 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.2 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
O 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
GP 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
O 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
GP
GP
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0
Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (XD antennas): 1+0
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.
Dside back O GP O GP
1 active transmitter per XD antenna (1+1 HSB) (Note1) Freq. (GHz) 7-8 Antenna diameter [m] 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.8 15 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.8 Table 8
Dfront
Dfront triangle
Drear
Dside front
Dup
Ddown
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.2 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.2
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0
Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (XD antennas): 1+1 HSB
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.
Dfront triangle GP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 GP 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
1 active transmitter per FH antenna (1+0) (Note 1) Freq. (GHz) 7-8 Antenna diameter [m] 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 15 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 Table 9
Dfront
Drear
Dside back GP O
Dside front GP O
Dup
Ddown
GP
GP
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3
Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (FH antennas): 1+0
t
1 active transmitter per FH antenna (1+1 HSB) (Note 1) Freq. (GHz) 7-8 Antenna diameter [m] 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 15 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 Table 10
Dfront
Dfront triangle GP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
Drear
Dside back GP O
Dside front GP O
Dup
Ddown
GP
GP
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2 0.7 1 1.3 0.2
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3 0.7 1 1.3
Dimensions of compliance boundary in meters with respect to the antenna centre (FH antennas): 1+1 HSB
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Trademarks
.
4 Trademarks
The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trade mark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trade mark of Siemens AG. Other productor company names mentioned herein may be trade marks or trade names of their respective owners.
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Figure 7
Figure 8
23
Figure 9
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f f
WARNING If performing installation or maintenance procedures on cables or antennas of the BTS in an area closer than the compliance boundary, make sure that all transmitters in this area are switched off.
WARNING Risk of personal injury. This product may need to be installed on a high-rise structure such as a tower or mast. When installing the product, wear a safety harness and other relevant protective gear. In addition, follow all occupational health and safety regulations applicable to the installation.
f f
WARNING Do not look into an open waveguide while the equipment is operating. Damage to the eye may result.
WARNING The antenna generates electromagnetic fields at radio frequencies. Do not cross the compliance boundary. See Safety distance requirements.
WARNING This equipment generates electromagnetic fields. If performing installation or maintenance procedures on the antenna systems, make sure that all the transmitters in the area are switched off. See Safety distance requirements.
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.
Notices
NOTICE NOTICE
6.2
g g g g g
Do not connect or disconnect the cable when the power is on. Switch off the power.
Never peel off or damage the foil covering the waveguide opening of the outdoor unit. This may result in equipment failure if moisture or particles get inside the outdoor unit. NOTICE If water is collected inside the antenna, it may damage or distort the beam of the antenna and frozen water inside the antenna can damage the antenna mechanically. Install the antenna with the water holes facing down, and remove any possible plugs. NOTICE The equipment may be damaged if water is collected between the radio interface and the waveguide adapter. Always install the waveguide adapter with the guide hole facing up and the water hole facing down. NOTICE To avoid damage to the equipment, ensure that all the equipment of an equipment station is connected to the same earth (ground) potential.
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