DOC.

MIE11142

DATE: 28/11/2007

REV.10

SCAR-10 INSTRUMENT FOR THE TEST OF METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTERS

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REVISIONS N PAGE 1 All 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All Par. 5 Pages 4, 7, 11 Pages 7, 8 Pages 6, 9, 11,12 Page 11 Page 12

SUMMARY DATE 20-06-96 7/12/96 07/02/97 13/05/97 Issue. Final revision Modified users guide

BY Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Romano

Modified: calibrator range, mode of operation, applicable standards 10/03/1998 Added the optional 60 Hz version 07/07/1999 Added the probe to check the voltage third harmonic 14/05/2001 Added notes to eliminate the influence of magnetic field and to measure temperature 7/9/2005 Added the note

10

6/3/2006 Various Upgrade Notes Page 13,14,11,1 8,19 Page 11 28/11/2007 Added the description of an additional testing mode

Lodi

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1 SAFETY AT WORK ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................ 5 3 GENERAL............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 4 UNIT CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................................................. 7 4.1. CURRENT CLIP-ON TRANSFORMER ...................................................................................................................... 7 4.2. MEASURING INSTRUMENT....................................................................................................................................... 7 4.3 REALISATION................................................................................................................................................................. 9 4.4. ACCESSORIES............................................................................................................................................................... 9 5 USERS GUIDE................................................................................................................................................................. 10 5.1 PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................. 10 5.2 CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS ....................................................................................................................................... 10 5.2.1 Total current; Irms and Ip ................................................................................................................................... 10 5.2.2. Third harmonic component of the total current; I(150) .................................................................................. 10 5.3 OPERATION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 5.4 TEST RESULT ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................................................... 14 5.4.1 Characteristic data and reference conditions .................................................................................................... 14 5.4.2. Normalization of the third harmonic current ................................................................................................... 14 5.4.3 Comparison with the reference limits.................................................................................................................. 17 5.5 BATTERY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18 6 LEGEND OF THE INSTRUMENT ................................................................................................................................ 19

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1 SAFETY AT WORK
The product object of this specification is controlled and supplied in compliance with the following specifications, and when used for the intended applications, it will not cause danger or health and safety hazards, on condition that the normal engineering practices be observed and that the product be used only by trained and qualified persons. This product must be used in compliance with this manual. Should there be any doubt on aspects concerning the proper utilization of this product, please contact your Supplier. I.S.A. refuses all responsibility for unauthorized or not specified uses.

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2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The model SCAR-10 conforms to the IEC standard 60099-5 A1 ED. 1.0 Section 6: Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service, method B1 and B2. The test set conforms to the EEC directives regarding Electromagnetic Compatibility and Low Voltage instruments. A) Electromagnetic Compatibility: - Directive no. 89/336/CEE dated may 3, 1989, modified by the directive 92/31/CEE dated may 5, 1992. - Applicable Standards: . EN 50081-2: Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Emission Standard - Part 2: industrial environment; . EN 50082-2: - Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Immunity Standard - Part 2: industrial environment; . EN 55011; Limits and measurement methods of radioelectric disturbances for industrial, medical and scientific instruments at radioelectric frequencies; . EN55013: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance; . IEC 1000-4-2: Immunity tests for ESD; . IEC 1000-4-4; Immunity tests for high speed transients (burst); . IEC 1000-4-8: Immunity tests for low frequency magnetic fields; . EN 61000-3-2: Harmonic content of power supply; . EN 61000-3-3: Fluctuations induced on the power supply; . ENV 50140: EMC testing and measurement techniques; . ENV 50141: Conducted disturbances induced by radio: immunity test; . ENV 50204: Radiated electromagnetic field from digital radio telephones. B) Low Voltage Directive: - Directive n. 73/23/CEE, modified by the directive 93/68/CEE. - Applicable standards, for a class I instrument, pollution degree 2, Installation category II: . CEI EN 61010-1. In particular: - Dielectric Rigidity: 1.35 kV 1 minute -Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X - CEI 70-1. - The instrument is not damaged if clipped on a wire with a current of 10 A. - Operating temperature: 0 C to 45C; storage -25C to 70C. - Relative humidity : 10 - 80% without condensing. - Altitude: less than 2000 m.

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3 GENERAL
SCAR-10 is used to check regularly the efficiency of the metal oxide surge arrester that are installed on the High Voltage transport and distribution networks. The model SCAR-10 perform the test to the IEC standard 60099-5 A1 ED. 1.0 Section 6: Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service Method B1 and B2. The control is carried out while the surge arrester is operating, analyzing by means of a current clipon transformer the leakage current in the ground connection. The values of this current normally range from fractions of milliampere to a few milliampere, and are characterized by a third harmonic distortion whose value is an indicator of the deterioration of the surge arrester. The instrument amplifies the current detected by the clip-on transformer, measures the peak value and the rms value of the total current, filters the third harmonic component by means of a band pass filter and measures its rms value. The third harmonic component depends on the operating voltage to which the surge arrester is subjected and on the temperature of the surge arrester; to simplify the conversion to normalized values, the instrument is also provided with the temperature measurement. All measures are reported on a LCD display. The environment during the measure is characterized by the presence of high electric and magnetic fields. In order to minimize their effects on the measurement, the clip-on transformer is completely screened; also, the signal pre-amplifier is located on the transformers handle. Tanks to this arrangement, the cable connecting the clip-on transformer to the measuring instrument is less sensitive to the electric and magnetic field. An auxiliary circuit generates a triangular waveform of which the following values are known: peak value, rms value, third harmonic component: this allows to check the correctness of the measures. In case there is a doubt that the third harmonic comes from an heavy distortion of the voltage rather than the surge arrester itself, the auxiliary cable provided allows to measure this content quite easily. This problem does not apply to HV arresters, as on HV lines the voltage distortion is almost negligible (typically 0.2%), while the limit for the arrester is 2% up. For MV arresters, the measurement of the third harmonic content in the voltage is easily performed connecting the instrument to the secondary of a measurement transformer of the line under test.

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4 UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
4.1. CURRENT CLIP-ON TRANSFORMER The C 47-IS clip-on transformer is specifically realized to detect current losses in the presence of high electric and magnetic fields. In particular, the winding is distributed on all the magnetic circuit; an external armor plating further reduces the external influence. . Current ratio: 1000:1. . Ratio error from 0,1 mA to 10 mA: 5% 0,05 uA. NOTE: the ratio error is corrected by the preamplifier. . Load resistance: 47 Ohm. . Frequency response: less than - 0.5 dB from 50 Hz to 10000 Hz. . Tightening diameter: 54 mm. . Jaw opening: over 55 mm. . Weight: 0,9 kg. . Dimensions: 48*106 (closed; open 145)*225 mm. . Connection: 2 m screened cable, ending with a bayonet connector. 4.2. MEASURING INSTRUMENT - Nominal frequency: 50 Hz. On request: 60 Hz (factory set; to be specified at order). - Instrument connections: . Current input measurement, with a four-pole connector and bayonet joint; . Gauging current output, with two banana bushes. The jumper to close the current is supplied with the instrument. - Instrument controls: . On/Off button; . Measure selector with four positions: total current rms value - peak value - third harmonic rms value - temperature. . Liquid crystal display, with 3,5 digits, 12,7 mm high. Refresh period of the readings: 2,5 conversions per second. Back lighting can be enabled by button. . LED indicating the measure range: mA or uA. . Low battery signaling on the measure display.

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- Measures carried out on the current detected by the clip-on transformer: . True rms of the total current; . Peak value of the total current; . True rms of the third harmonic. - Measure of the instrument internal temperature. - Range of total current rms and peak measures: 1,999 mA, for currents less than 1 mA, or 19,99 mA for higher currents. Automatic range selection when the rms value of the total current exceeds 1 mA (nominal peak equal to 1,41 mA; maximum 1,999 mA). - Third harmonic range: 199,9 uA for currents less than 1 mA, or 1999 uA for higher currents. Automatic range selection when the rms value of the total current exceeds 1 mA. - Response of the third harmonic filter: . < - 60 dB at 50 Hz; . 0 dB at 150 Hz; . < - 20 dB at 250 Hz and higher frequencies. On request: . < - 60 dB at 60 Hz; . 0 dB at 180 Hz; . < - 20 dB at 300 Hz and higher frequencies. - Errors: . 50 Hz measure, rms and peak value: total maximum of 5 % from 0,1 to 10 mA. . 150 Hz rms measure: total maximum of 10 % from 10 to 1000 uA. On request: . 60 Hz measure, rms and peak value: total maximum of 5 % from 0,1 to 10 mA. . 180 Hz rms measure: total maximum of 10 % from 10 to 1000 uA. - Insensitivity to external fields. In the presence of the following fields: . Electric field: < 10 kV/m; . Uniform magnetic field: < 50 uT; . Non uniform magnetic field, created by the circulation of a 20 A current in a conductor placed at 50 mm from the current clip-on transformer; the indication of the instrument will be 1 mA rms maximum, at 50 (60) Hz. NOTE: the measure must be carried out with clean and closed clip-on transformers poles. The detected signal depends upon the orthogonal component of the magnetic field on the transformers gap. Our clip-on transformer has only one magnetic gap plane; you can minimize the induction by turning the transformer. - Gauging output: it generates a triangular waveform current of 1 mA peak at 50 (60) Hz, that flows on a short-circuit wire. . RMS value of the gauging current: 0,606 mA 5%. . Effective value of the third harmonic component: 65 uA 5%.

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- Power supply: by means of four AA alkaline penlight batteries. Batteries are housed in a container that can be removed and replaced. - Battery life: over 50 hours with 10% back lighting; 25 hours with continuous back lighting. When the indication is lit, the instrument works for another 5 hours minimum. 4.3 REALISATION - A plastic case holds: the clip-on transformer, the measuring instrument, the instruction manual, the short-circuit cable. - Case dimensions: 450 x 320 x 110 mm. - Weight with all the components: 3 kg. - The instrument is placed in a neck protection bag that serves as shockproof. - Instrument container: for hand-carrying. - Weight of the instrument alone: 0.75 kg. - Instrument dimensions: 200 x 112 x 65 mm. 4.4. ACCESSORIES - Instruction manual. - Cable to measure the third harmonic of the voltage, 2 m long, with banana plugs for the connection to the VT secondary and connector for the connection to the SCAR-10. Nominal voltage: 100 V phase to phase (57.8 V phase to neutral). Maximum voltage: 200 V phase to phase. The cable incorporates a resistor divider made of two resistors, respectively 56.8 kOhm and 1 kOhm, so that the output to the SCAR-10 is 1 V when the input voltage is 57.8 V. - Short-circuit cable to carry out the calibration test.

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5 USERS GUIDE
5.1 Precautions - Do not close the clip-on transformer on live conductors. - CONNECT THE CLIP-ON TRANSFORMER TO THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT BEFORE CLOSING IT ON THE CONDUCTOR. The open secondary does not damage the clip-on transformer, but this is not the way it works. - Do not damage the poles; clean them with a slightly oiled cloth so as to avoid oxidation. - For the rest, observe the normal precautions for the use of electronic instruments. 5.2 Characteristic parameters The characteristic parameters used to diagnose the surge arrester are the following. 5.2.1 Total current; Irms and Ip This is the total current flowing in the arrester in the actual installation situation and at the actual operating voltage of the plant when the measure is performed. Of the total current are measured both the rms value, Irms, and the peak value Ip. The ratio Ip / Irms is usually not equal to 1.41 because of the harmonic distortions present in the metered current.

5.2.2. Third harmonic component of the total current; I(150) This is the rms value of the third harmonic component of the total current, that flows in the arrester during the test. It is measured in uA. NOTE: with 60 Hz, this selection refers to the 180 Hz measurement. 5.3 Operation - Turn the instrument on with the push-button (2) and check that the LCD display (1) turns on. The message indicating low battery must not appear; otherwise only five continuous hours are guaranteed. - Insert the connector of the clip-on transformer (5) in the instrument. - If the light is not enough, the display (1) can be back lighted by pressing the button (9). The back lighting lasts 1 minute; this avoids the accelerated discharge of the batteries. - To check the proper functioning of the instrument, insert the jumper (10) in the output bushes of the gauging current (3). Close the clip-on transformer on the cable and select in sequence on the

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selector (4) the measures of total rms current, peak current and third harmonic. The nominal measures are: . Total current rms: 0,606 mA (minimum 0,55 mA; maximum 0,67 mA); . Peak current: 1 mA (minimum 0,9 mA, maximum 1,1 mA); . Third harmonic: 65 uA (minimum 59 uA, maximum 71 uA). If the measures are not comprised in the indicated limits, the instrument needs an intervention. If you want a more accurate verification, use a relay test set as the current source. With an automatic test set, you can use a voltage source with a series resistor. If you have for instance an 1 kOhm resistor: . Program the output of 1 V 50 Hz; . Connect the 1 kOhm resistor; . Clamp the SCAR clamp on it; . The RMS measurement displays 1 mA; the peak measurement is 1.41 mA; third harmonic is zero; . Now select 0.1 V and the frequency of 150 Hz; . The RMS measurement is 100 uA; peak is 140 uA; third harmonic is 100 uA. If you dont have a resistor, you can use a current output: . Program 1 mA, 50 Hz; . Close the output on a jumper and start the test; . Clamp SCAR on the jumper: it will meter 1 mA RMS; 1.4 mA peak. . Now, program 0.1 mA, 150 Hz; . readings will be: 100 uA RMS; 140 uA peak; 100 uA at 150 Hz. If you have T1000, use the auxiliary AC voltage output with 1 kOhm in series, and perform tests as above. - When the gauging indication is correct, execute the measures. For this purpose, fill in the test form with the indications concerning the plant, line, producer of the surge arrester, type of surge arrester, test date and hour. - Current measures are performed closing the clip-on transformer on the earth connection of the arrester. The following picture shows a surge arrester, the grounding cable and the place where to clamp the SCAR current meter.

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CLAMP HERE

- When executing the measures, consider that it can be altered by the magnetic field created by the current passing in the HV conductors above the arrester, or by other apparatuses in the proximity. Therefore, close the transformer as far as possible from the HV cable. - The magnetic field at the measuring point can influence the reading. To minimize this influence, keep carefully clean the clamp magnetic poles. In order to evaluate the influence, proceed as follows. . Close the clamp in proximity of the cable, but do not close on the cable. Select the Irms measurement: the reading should be zero; the reading is caused by the field picked up by the not perfectly closed magnetic poles of the clamp.

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. Close now the clamp on the cable: if the reading is at least 10 times the former one, the influence can be ignored. If the reading is less than 10 times the former one, turn the clamp around itself (i.e. the current flow is sensed in the opposite direction: the reading changes. The correct reading is the average of the readings in the opposite directions. - Select first the Irms measure on selector (4) and record on the form the reading, that will be mA or uA according to LED (11) or n(12). Select now the measures of Ip and third harmonic I(150), and record them on the form. - Select the measure of the temperature on the selector (4), and report on the form the value read by the instrument. The temperature sensor is located inside SCAR-10: it takes about 10 minutes to reach the outside temperature. - Report also the operating voltage at the moment of the test. - Last, fill the notes with the following information: . Condition of the arresters external surface (moist, wet) to estimate the surface currents; . Weather conditions; in particular, a sunny day can cause a temperature increase inside the arrester. - In case the third harmonic content is high, and there is a doubt that the third harmonic comes from an heavy distortion of the voltage rather than the surge arrester, it is possible to correct the measurement as follows. . Connect the cable with banana plugs provided to the SCAR-10, instead of the clip-on transformer. . Connect the instrument to the secondary of a Voltage Transformer that measures the voltage of line on which it is installed the surge arrester under test. The leads are to be connected between phase and neutral. . Select the measurement of the main component V50, and record it. If the voltage secondary is 100 V nominal (57.8 V phase to neutral), the SCAR-10 measurement is 1.000; with other ratings the display changes accordingly. Maximum test voltage: 200 V. . Select now the measurement of the voltages third harmonic content V150, and compute the current IC caused by the voltage harmonic distortion: IC = I50 * V150 / V50 . The current caused by the voltage distortion is capacitive, while the one coming from the arrester is resistive. As a fist-order approximation, the percentage third harmonic component IS150 caused by the surge arrester itself is: IS150 = sqrt (I150^2 IC^2) This simple formula is applicable provided that I150 > 1,4 * IC. If values are similar, then it can be concluded that all the third harmonic comes from the voltage distortion; anyway, it becomes impossible by this simple mean to tell the arresters contribution to the total current. . The value of IS150 can be processed for temperature and voltage compensation. NOTE The basis for the above computation is the following. . The 50 Hz and the 150 Hz currents caused by the applied voltage and its distortion are capacitive; the third harmonic component caused by the arresters deterioration is resistive.

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. The third harmonic distortion is 2% maximum on HV networks, and 5% maximum on MV networks. Average values are around one fourth with respect to the limits. . The third harmonic distortion caused by the arrester is small as compared to the 50 Hz component. . As a consequence, the 50 Hz current measurement is very little affected by the 150 Hz components: hence, it is possible to compute IC from the total. The following table summarizes some values for I150 (i.e. the total third harmonic component, as measured on the surge arrester) as a function of the voltage distortion and of the current IS150, i.e. the third harmonic caused by the surge arrester deterioration. All values are reported to an RMS value of 1 mA. V DISTORTION V% 0,5 1 2 5 I DISTOR IS150 uA 5 10 20 50 ARRESTER CURRENT I150, uA 10 20 50 7,1 11,2 20,6 50,2 11,2 14,1 22,4 51,0 20,6 22,4 28,3 53,9 50,2 51,0 53,9 70,7

100 100,1 100,5 102,0 111,8

Values in gray are those for which the measurement is uncertain because of measurement errors. It is apparent that the method is very good, as it allows measuring high arrester currents even with high voltage distortions. Besides, unless for 5% voltage distortion, the difference between the measured value I150 and the corrected value, IS150, is marginal. 5.4 Test result analysis

5.4.1 Characteristic data and reference conditions As the third harmonic current is depending upon temperature and voltage, the following references have been established: . 20C, for the temperature (To); . The reference operating voltage (Vo), for the voltage.

5.4.2. Normalization of the third harmonic current Before comparing the measured third harmonic current with the limits of the arrester under test, it is necessary to normalize it in temperature and voltage multiplying it by the corrective coefficients, as follows: I(To,Vo) = I(T1,V1) * (Coeff.T) * (Coeff.V) Where: I(To,Vo) = Normalized third harmonic current; I(T1,V1) = actual third harmonic current at T1 and V1; T1 = temperature of the arrester during the measure; V1 = working voltage during the measure.

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NOTE: the temperature T1 is the one inside the arrester; usually, it is the ambient temperature. In sunny days, the temperature can be higher by some degrees. The following table applies for sunny days in summer. TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN AMBIENT AND DISCHARGER TIME 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 DIFF. C 0 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

After this correction, the correction coefficients are resumed in the following tables for a number of arrester. A) TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS TEMP. C 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 (To) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ABB/BBC 0.741 0.763 0.787 0.811 0.835 0.861 0.887 0.914 0.942 0.970 1 1.030 1.062 1.094 1.127 1.162 1.197 1.234 1.271 1.310 1.350 ASEA 0.619 0.649 0.681 0.715 0.750 0.787 0.825 0.866 0.908 0.953 1 1.049 1.101 1.155 1.212 1.271 1.334 1.399 1.468 1.540 1.616

NOTE: under ABB/BBC are summarized the following arrester:

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MWL 098; MWL 112; MWL 161; MWL 172; and under ASEA the following ones: XAQ 145/120, XAQ 245/198, XAP 420/336; B) VOLTAGE COEFFICIENTS

Vo/V 0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10

MWL098 MWL112 0.818 0.835 0.853 0.871 0.889 0.907 0.925 0.944 0.962 0.981 1 1.019 1.038 1.058 1.077 1.097 1.117 1.137 1.157 1.178 1.198

MWL161 XAQ 145/220 0.793 0.813 0.832 0.852 0.873 0.893 0.914 0.935 0.956 0.978 1 1.022 1.044 1.067 1.090 1.113 1.137 1.160 1.184 1.209 1.233

MWL272 XAQ 245/198 0.777 0.797 0.818 0.840 0.862 0.884 0.907 0.929 0.952 0.976 1 1.024 1.048 1.075 1.099 1.124 1.150 1.176 1.203 1.230 1.257

XAP 420/336 0.729 0.754 0.779 0.804 0.831 0.857 0.885 0.913 0.941 0.970 1 1.030 1.061 1.093 1.125 1.158 1.191 1.225 1.260 1.295 1.331

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5.4.3 Comparison with the reference limits In the following table are resumed the characteristic data (at the reference conditions) for some ZnO arrester. The table resumes also the limit values for a correct operation.

A) ASEA ARRESTER XAQ 145/120 TYPICAL LIMIT 20 C 75 Kv 0.8 mA 1.6 mA 4 uA 30 uA XAQ 245/198 TYPICAL LIMIT 20C 132 kV 1 mA 2 mA 6 uA 50 uA XAQ 420/336 TYPICAL LIMIT 20 C 231 kV 2.2 mA 4 mA 9 uA 50 uA

PARAM. To Vo Ip I(150Hz)

B) ABB/BBC ARRESTER MWL 098 PARAM. TYPIC LIMIT To 20 C Vo 75 kV Ip 1.3 mA 2.2 mA I(150Hz) 16 uA 100 uA MWL 112 TYPIC LIMIT 20 C 87 kV 1.35 mA 2.5 mA 17 uA 100 uA MWL 161 TYPIC LIMIT 20 C 132 kV 1.4 mA 2.6 mA 22 uA 100 uA MWL 272 TYPIC LIMIT 20 C 231 kV 1.45 mA 2.8 mA 30 uA 100 uA

Comparing the normalized measurements to the limits, you can find: a) measurements are close to the typical: the arrester does not show any trouble; b) some parameters are above the limits, but less than the maximum: the arrester deserves some attention; c) some parameters are above the maximum: the arrester should be removed from service. In instances b) and c) the situation should be reported for further action. The table below summarizes the third harmonic measurements obtained on a number of arresters. Even if these are not nominal values, we believe that they are close to the nominal ones, and can be used as a reference for tests.

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MANUFACTURER ABB ADDA ABB ADDA ABB ADDA ABB ADDA ASEA B.B.C. B.B.C. B.B.C. PASSONI E VILLA PASSONI E VILLA PASSONI E VILLA SIEMENS ELETTRA

I150 AVER I150 LIMIT MODEL uA uA HV (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 5 50 MWL (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 18,4 80? EXIL MQ-120 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 5,1 50 EXLIM120-AH145 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 4,4 40 XAD (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 30 100? HMP (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 7,5 50 HM (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 13 80? MWL (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 21 80? 58/1 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 7,1 50 SCB 145-94/120 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 8,9 80? SCA 145-94/114 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 24 100? 3EP2 (132 kV - Nor - Os Zn) 6,2 50

Limit values reported in the table have been computed applying a multiplying factor of five to ten. They are to be taken as references; the manufacturer should provide the actual limit value. If your surge arrester is not included in the above tables, and the manufacturer does not provide the third harmonic limit, you should: . Perform a measurement campaign in order to obtain average values and their deviations; . If the deviation is less than 10%, the average is likely to be the arrester nominal value. The limit value can be computed applying a factor of five; . If some arrester is beyond this limit, it should be inspected again to ascertain if the deviation is caused by the voltage distortion; if not, it should be dismounted. 5.5 Battery The batteries used in the instrument are four AA alkaline penlight batteries of 1,5 V; the nominal life is equal to 50 hours of continuous activation, with 10% back lighting. Should the writing LOBAT appear on the display, the batteries must be replaced with other batteries of the same type. In order to replace the batteries, remove the battery holder on the back of the instrument, and insert the new batteries following the indications on the battery polarity. DO NOT THROW AWAY THE USED BATTERIES; they should be disposed in suitable containers.

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6 LEGEND OF THE INSTRUMENT

1 - Liquid crystal display. 2 - On/off button. 3 - Bushes for the gauging output. 4 - Four-position selector. 5 - Current clip-on transformer. 6 - PREAMPLI board for signal pre-amplification (in the clip-on transformer). 8 - Power supply batteries. 9 - Back lighting button. 10 - Gauging cable. 11 - LED signaling the mA range. 12 - LED signaling the uA range. 13 - Instrument case. 14 - Instrument transportation bag. 15 - Transportation case.

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11

1999

12 1

4 3 3

FIGURE 1 - SCAR-10

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5 6

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FIGURE 2 - TRANSIT CASE