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Introduction
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Several translation methods available to enable data exchange with CAD/CAE systems.
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Appropriate approach depends upon source. return incomplete, corrupt, or disconnected geometry return geometry details unnecessary for CFD analysis
Translation can:
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Fix incomplete or corrupt geometry and connect disconnected geometry Remove unnecessary details Decompose geometry into meshable sections
Gambits Virtual Geometry operations can help with the cleanup process.
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ACIS-based CAD programs: n e.g., AutoCad, Cadkey, TurboCad n can export ACIS files (.sat or .sab) which can be imported into Gambit. Parasolids-based CAD programs: n e.g., Unigraphics, SolidWorks, PATRAN, ANSYS n can export Parasolid files (.x_t and .xmt_txt) which can be imported into Gambit. CAD programs using proprietary geometry kernel n e.g., I-DEAS, Catia, Pro-Engineer, CADDS n Direct (single-stage) translators purchase from third party vendor
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Translation uses an intermediate, neutral or standard, file format. Applicable for all CAD/CAE systems that can output: n STEP files
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Pro/E supports STEP export at no additional cost. Other systems support STEP as add-on. Common format supported by most systems.
IGES files
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STEP (Standard for Exchange of Product model data) n International standard defining format for geometry and model information. n Gambit supports AP203 and AP214 n Preferred over IGES import
7-4 Fluent Inc. 8/9/02
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) n Topology/connectivity information is lost when CAD programs export IGES surface data only.
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e.g., faces associated with volume, etc. implies that volumes must be recreated from imported faces (tedious) I-DEAS and CADDS Topology/connectivity information maintained. Spatial Imported geometry comes in as all real, supports solids Native (Fluent) Original IGES translator, does not support solids Trimmed surfaces come in as virtual geometry
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Import Mesh and some Import CAD options result in faceted geometry.
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Least preferred approach Gambit directly accesses Pro/Es geometry engine n Eliminates geometry translation losses n User works in Gambit environment Need special Gambit and valid Pro/E license Solid models alone are supported n assemblies are not
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Geometry imported from other CAD systems can lack the required accuracy and precision to render valid or connected ACIS geometry.
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This results from numerical limitations in original CAD system or neutral file formats, or differences in tolerances between CAD systems and ACIS.
Fix geometry problems by healing if real geometry. n Healing can be invoked at time of import. Fix topology problems by deleting and reconstructing entities with virtual geometry. Healing corrects tolerance problems in the model and attempts to connect coincident edges and form volume from connected faces. n If unsuccessful, resort to virtual geometry operations.
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Virtual Geometry
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Real n Defined by the ACIS library of geometry creation/modification routines. n Geometry defined by mathematical formulae. Virtual n A Fluent Inc. library of routines providing additional functionality by redefining topology. n Derive their geometrical descriptions by references to one or more real entities (called the Hosts).
Two objects that share the same underlying geometry but different topologies.
Faceted geometry n Treated like virtual geometry. n Derived from importing a mesh or faceted geometry into GAMBIT, split mesh operations, or stairstep meshing scheme.
7-8 Fluent Inc. 8/9/02
Virtual geometry and the operations that create them are used to simplify, clean, and connect existing geometry.
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Simplify/Clean: n remove details from the model unnecessary for CFD analysis. n merge faces/edges to increase mesh quality. n decompose geometry into smaller, meshable components. Connect: n Connect geometry that becomes disconnected during import process.
Virtual geometry provides additional flexibility in operations that affect geometry and mesh.
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Merges edges to enable non-coplanar face to be created. Modify the mesh by repositioning nodes on virtual face.
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In general, virtual geometry is created as a result of a virtual geometry operation on a real entity.
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Can also be created from a native IGES import operation. are accessed: n by selecting virtual option on a real geometry panel and n through dedicated virtual operation panels. employ any combination of real, virtual, and/or faceted entities. result in the creation or modification of virtual (typical) and real entities. Some real geometry operations will not work with virtual geometry. n e.g., boolean operations and some split operations will not work with virtual geometry n Take care when planning to use virtual geometry operations.
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Characteristics
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Virtual entities:
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entities are colored differently from real entities. naming convention: v_vertex, v_edge, v_face, v_volume. Directly connected lower and upper geometry will become virtual Underlying real geometry (host) will become invisible and inaccessible (or put in the background) Will not delete host geometry. Typically, lower order entities (virtual) remain undeleted. Meshing and boundary assignment operations are unaffected by virtual geometry.
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Connect - combines two individual, unconnected entities such that the lower
geometry is shared at common interfaces (unrestricted by ACIS tolerances)
Example:
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Collapse - splits a face and merges the resulting pieces with two or
more neighboring faces
collapse this face between these faces
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Applicable to vertices, edges, faces, and volumes. Edges are sampled and real spline (NURBS) curve generated.
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Face conversions require that a map mesh first be generated on face (no Side vertices allowed). Volume conversions require that all lower topologies can be converted Topology and any existing mesh are preserved.
Face Simplify
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Removes dangling edges and hard points from a face. Result is virtual face
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Edge/Face Merge
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edge merge
Virtual (Tolerance) n Merge all entities shorter than Max. Edge/Face Length n Merge all entities of higher entity angle than Min. Angle n No input will merge all vertices connected to two edges only
+ + + max. edge = min. angle = 135 + +
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Using an edge n Note: Faceted faces can be split with other faceted faces Volume split (with face) n All edges of the face have to be connected to the volume
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Edge Connect
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Also available in Vertex and Face Virtual (Forced) n Pick two or more edges you want to connect Virtual (Tolerance) n Every picked edge within the tolerance will be connected n 10 % of shortest edge is recommended (default) n The shortest edge is shown by clicking the Highlight shortest edge button n The shape of the connected edge is an interpolated average of the picked edges.
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Use Preserve first edge shape to force result to assume shape of first edge in pick list. Preserve first vertex location is available for vertex connects.
7-17 Fluent Inc. 8/9/02
T-Junctions Option
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Original
Option Off
Option On
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Unite
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Operates on real geometry Faces must have equal tangents at edge No unite for edges
Merges
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Unite
Operates on real/non-real geometry virtual Faces must share edge but they need not be tangent Operates on real/non-real geometry real or virtual Replaces selected entities with single entity
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tolerance
Merge
Connect
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Connect
Fluent Inc. 8/9/02
Summary n Review important information in the form before importing the file. n Validity of information varies. Options n Native or Spatial Translator n Ability to scale the IGES file at import (Scale model between the dimensions of 1e-6 and 1e+4, preferably around 1) n Remove stand alone entities Virtual Cleanup n Enables automated cleanup sequence using:
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1. Delete all unnecessary geometry 2. Check validity of imported geometry 3. Correct invalid geometry (Heal and/or reconstruction) 4. Check connectivity by color coding
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Helps distinguish between connected and unconnected entities. n White - Stand-alone entities n Orange - Unconnected faces (Edge connected to one Face) n Dark Blue - Connected faces (Edge connected to two Faces) n Light Blue - Multiple connections (internal Face) a. Merge edges based on length and angle tolerances to eliminate short edges. b. Real/Virtual connect of vertices, edges, and faces, in steps, based on increasing connect tolerance c. Connect with T-Junction Option. d. Use forced connect operation for entities out of tolerance
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Some of this may need to be done before resorting to virtual geometry commands so that real boolean operations are available. Bridge real and existing virtual geometry together using virtual geometry. In 3D, use face stitch command to create virtual volumes. Merge small edges and faces with neighbors to eliminate Remove sharp angles for better meshing.
Merge example:
7. Simplify faces
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