EC P71-COMMUNICATION LABORATORY - III

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MEASUREMENT AIM:

To measure the dielectric constant of a given solid dielectric materials.

LAB MANUAL

APPARATUS REQUIRED: 1. Gunn Power supply 2. Gunn Oscillator 3. PIN Modulator 4. Isolator 5. Variable Attenuator 6. Slotted line section with tuneable probe 7. CRO & BNC Cable 8. Cooling Fan 9. Movable Short with precision 10. Solid Dielectric materials(Wax, Ebonite) THEORY: Dielectric cells are basic measuring components for solid and liquid dielectric constant measurement respectively. A dielectric waveguide employs a solid dielectric rod rather than a hollow pipe. An optical fibre is a dielectric guide to work at optical frequencies. Transmission lines such as Micro strip, coplanar wave guide, strip line or coaxial may also be considered to be waveguide. The electromagnetic waves in (metal pipe) wave guide may be imagined as travelling down the guide in a zigzag path, being repeatedly reflected between opposite walls of the guide. For the particular case of rectangular waveguide, it is possible to base an exact analysis on this view.Propagation in dielectric waveguide may be viewed in the same way with the waves confinedto the dielectric by total internal reflection at its surface. Some structures such as nonradioactive dielectric waveguide and the Goubauline use both metal walls and dielectricsurface to confine the wave. BLOCK DIAGRAM: Without Dielectric: Gunn Power supply

CRO

Gunn Oscillator

PIN Modulator

Isolator

Variable Attenuator

Slotted line Section with tuneable probe

Movable Short

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EC P71-COMMUNICATION LABORATORY - III

With Dielectric:

LAB MANUAL

Gunn Power supply

CRO

Gunn Oscillator

PIN Modulator

Isolator

Variable Attenuator

Slotted line Section with tuneable probe

Movable Short With dielectric loaded

PROCEDURE:
1. Set up the equipment as shown in the figure. 2. Keep the variable attenuator in the minimum attenuation position. 3. Keep the control knobs of Gunn power supply as shown: Meter Switch - OFF Gunn bias knob - Fully anticlockwise Modulation Amplitude-Fully anticlockwise Modulation Frequency-Fully anticlockwise Mode Switch-Internal 4. Set the micrometre of Gunn oscillator at 10mm position. 5. Switch ON the Gunn power supply, and cooling fan. 6. Place movable short with precision at slotted line. The Micro meter position of short should be at zero. 7. Using slotted waveguide section finds the two consecutive minima. Let it be d1 and d2 Hence g = 2(d1-d2). From that calculate operating frequency f=C[(1/ g)2 +(1/ c)2]1/2. 8. Remove the short & insert gently the dielectric sample into the short such that it should touch the plane of waveguide. 9. Now connect short without disturbing any setting. 10. Using slotted waveguide section finds the two consecutive minima. Let it be D1 and D2 Hence ge = 2(D1-D2). 11. Using given formula calculate dielectric constant.

FORMULA: The dielectric constant is measured by =02(1/c2+1/ge2) TABULATION: Without Dielectric: First minima d2(cm) Second minima d1(cm) Wavelength g= 2(d2d1) (cm) Operating frequency(GHz) f=C[(1/ g)2 +(1/ c)2]1/2

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EC P71-COMMUNICATION LABORATORY - III

LAB MANUAL

With Dielectric: For WAX: First minima D2(cm) Second minima D1(cm) Wavelength ge= 2(D2-D1) (cm)

For EBONITE: First minima D2(cm) Second minima D1(cm) Wavelength ge= 2(D2-D1) (cm)

RESULT: The dielectric constant of a given material is measured and found to be Sl.No Material Name Relative dielectric constant r 1. 2. VIVA QUESTIONS: 1. What are the properties of dielectric materials? Insulating material or a very poor conductor of electric current. Dielectrics have no loosely bound electrons, and so no current flows through them. When they are placed in an electric field, the positive and negative charges within the dielectric are displaced minutely in opposite directions, which reduces the electric field within the dielectric. Examples of dielectrics include glass, plastics, and ceramics. 2. Define dielectric constant? It is defined by the ratio of permittivity of medium to permittivity of Free space. r=/o o =((10^-9)/36) 3. List the methods for measuring dielectric constants? 1.Waveguide method 2.cavityperturbation method Absolute dielectric constant

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