Geometry and Combinatorics

Geometry and Combinatorics
Circles 1 and 2 have centers X and Y respectively. They intersect at points Aand B, such that angle XAY is obtuse. The line AX intersects 2 again at P, and the line AY intersects 1 again at Q. Lines PQ and XY intersect at G, such that Q lies on line segment GP. If GQ=255, GP=266 and GX=190, what is the length of XY?
No answer given See worked solution
ABCD is a trapezoid with ADBC and AB=AD. 0<<180 is an angle such that BAC=, CAD=3 and ACD=5.
What is the measure (in degrees) of ?
Bernoulli flips a coin 15 times and writes down the sequence of heads (H) and tails (T) that he gets. He notices that he has 5 instances of consecutive TH, 4 instances of consecutive HT, 3 instances of consecutive HH and 2 instances of consecutive TT. How many different sequences could he have written down?
Bernoulli places a mouse token at the point 0 on the real line and two cheese tokens at the points 3 and 3. Bernoulli then begins flipping a coin repeatedly. Each time the coin is heads, he moves the mouse 1 to the right, and each time the coin is tails, he moves the mouse 1 to the left. Let p be the probability that the mouse will eventually get a piece of cheese. Determine the value of 100p.
P is a point in triangle ABC such that PAB=PAC=22, PBA=PBC=33. What is the measure (in degrees)
of APC ?
Your answer 123 See worked solution
A triangle is subdivided into 25 smaller triangles as shown in the figure below. Two of these 25 triangles are selected at random. The probability that the two selected triangles have exactly one vertex in common can be expressed as abwhere a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?

Dhelia wants to grow rose, orchid, and jasmine trees in her garden. Planting nrose trees requires n2 square meters, planting n orchid trees requires 5n square meters, and planting n jasmine trees requires n3 square meters. If she plants 10trees, what is the minimum amount of space that her garden will occupy (in square meters)? This problem is posed by Dhelia D.
ABCD is a convex quadrilateral with ABD=26,ACD=42. E is a point such that EA is the angle bisector
of BAC and ED is the angle bisector of BDC. What is the measure (in degrees) of AED?
Number Theory and Algebra
Find the largest positive integer n<100, such that there exists an arithmetic progression of positive integers a1,a2,...,an with the following properties. 1) All numbers a2,a3,...,an1 are powers of positive integers, that is numbers of the form jk, where j1 and k2 are integers. 2) The numbers a1 and an are not powers of positive integers.
A and B are positive 4-digit palindrome numbers. C is a positive 3-digit palindrome number. Given that AB=C,
what is the value of C?
Find the number of triples of integers a<b<c with a10, such that a(bc)3+b(ca)3+c(ab)3=0.
Let S(n) denote the sum of digits of the integer n. Over all positive integers, the minimum and maximum values of S(n)S(5n) are X and Y, respectively. The value of X+Y can be written as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b? This problem is proposed by Zi Song.
For a set of red, blue and yellow cards, we receive the points according to the following system: 1. For each red card, we receive 1 point. 2. For each blue card, we receive points equal to twice the number of red cards. 3. For each yellow card, we receive points equal to thrice the number of blue cards. What is the maximum number of points we can receive for a set of 15 cards? This problem is posed by Minimario M.
The real number x satisfying the equation
x+2x1+x2x1=10
can be written as ab where a and b are positive coprime integers. Find a+b.
N is a 3-digit number that is a perfect square. When the first digit is increased by 1, the second digit is increased by
2, the third digit is increased by 3, the result is still a perfect square. Determine N.
Find the smallest positive integer e such that the polynomial ax4+bx3+cx2+dx+e has integer coefficients and has roots at 2, 3, 5/3, and 1/2.
Two weeks ago July 29 to August 4

Let ABCD be a square with side length 2 and let X be a point outside the square such that XA=XB=2. The length of the longest diagonal in pentagon AXBCD can be expressed as x. What is the value of x?
This problem is posed by Minimario M.

Determine how many 1000 digit numbers A have the following property: When any digit of A, aside from the first, is deleted to form a 999 digit number B, then B divides A.
Let a, b, and c be positive real numbers such that
a4+b4+c4+16=8abc.
What is the value of abc? This problem is posed by Ed M.
How many ordered sets of integers (x,y) are there such that there exists a (positive) prime number p satisfying x(x+y)=2(y2+15p)?
This problem is posed by Ahmad.

It can be shown that for any positive integer n, the infinitely nested radical expression
n+n+n+
equals a finite number. What is the largest positive integer n999 such that this expression is equal to a positive integer?
Consider all polynomials f(x) with integer coefficients, such that f(n) is a multiple of n, for all integers 1n6. What is the smallest possible positivevalue of f(0)?
N is an even 3-digit number such that the last 3 digits of N2 are N itself. What is the value of N?
You are taking a Math class, where your grade is determined by your performance in 5 tests. The maximum score on each test is 100. Your first 4 test scores have been 63,80,90 and 85. To receive a B in the class, the average of the five test scores must be greater than or equal to 80 and strictly smaller than 90. If only integer test scores are allowed, how many different test scores could you receive for the last test and get a grade of B?
Alice can complete a project in 20 days and Bob can complete the same project in 30 days. Alice and Bob start working on the project together, with Alice quitting after some time, and it takes Bob another 10 days to complete the project. What is the total number of days it took to complete the project? This problem is posed by Nidhi T.
A construction worker is building a straight walking path that is 5m long from a client's front door to the sidewalk. The path is to be built out of planks that are 60 cm, 70cm, and 100 cm in length. How many different paths could be constructed using these plank lengths?
ABC is a right triangle with ABC=90. Point D is the midpoint of BC, and point E is the foot of the perpendicular
from B to AC. AD and BE intersect at F. If AB=36 and BAD=BCA, what is the value of FE2?

Three 10-sided dice, each numbered 1 through 10, are rolled. One die is green, one die is blue, and one die is red. Kareem rolls the three dice and writes down the numbers showing on the green die, the blue die, and the red die, in that order. There are 1000 different ordered triples that Kareem could have written down. For how many of those triples is the number on the blue die strictly between the numbers on the red and green dice?
Right triangle ABC has side lengths AB=51,AC=24, and CB=45. If the area of the inscribed circle of ABC can be written as a, what the value of a?
This problem is posed by Alex R.

A triangle has side lengths that are all integers. The length of one side is four times as long as the second side, and the third side has length 20. What is the largest possible perimeter of the triangle?
A squirrel is collecting food for the winter. Every pine cone he collects will last him 3 days and every acorn he collects will last him 2 days. If the squirrel collects enough food for exactly 150 days, how many different combinations of acorns and pine cones could he have?
How many positive integers n less than 1000, have the property that the number of positive integers less than n which are coprime to n, is exactly n3?
Suppose f(x) is a quadratic polynomial satisfying
f(0)f(4)f(2)f(6)f(4)=1=2=3
What is the value of f(8)?
Let x,y,z be the real roots of the cubic equation
2u3799u2400u1=0
and let =tan1x+tan1y+tan1z. If tan=ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers, what is the value of a+b? This problem is posed by Russelle G.
For what positive integer value N<1000 is N2755N+56 also an integer?

a,b and c are integers such that (xa)(x20)+1=(x+b)(x+c).

What is the sum of all possible values of a?
Let a be the minimum of x(x4)2y(xy) as x and y range over all real numbers. What is the value of |a|? This problem is posed by Zi Song Y.
The function cos(5) can be written as acos5()bcos3()+ccos() where a, b, and c are positive integers. Find a+b+c.
In a sequence of four positive numbers, the first three are in geometric progression and the last three are in arithmetic progression. The first number is12 and the last number is 452. The sum of the two middle numbers can be written as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. Find a+b.
Four weeks ago July 15 to 21

Let ABCDEF be an equiangular hexagon with perimeter 98 such that EF=2CD=4AB and BC=2FA. What is the length of EF? This problem is posed by Shyan A.
An ant starts a random walk on the real number line at 0. At each step, the ant moves by +1 or 1 with equal probability. After 6 moves, the probability that the ant is on a positive number can be expressed as ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers. What is the value of a+b? This problem is posed by Michael T.
What is the remainder, when (2013101) is divided by 101?

Let x,y be complex numbers satisfying
x+yxy=a,=b,
where a and b are positive integers from 1 to 100 inclusive. What is the sum of all possible distinct values of a such that x3+y3 is a positive prime number? This problem is posed by Joe T.
Let x and y be real numbers satisfying 4x2+5y2=1. Over all such pairs, let the maximum and minimum values of 2x2+3xy+2y2 be M and Nrespectively. If M+N+MN=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers, what is the value of a+b? This problem is posed by Christian L.
Winston must choose 4 classes for his final semester of school. He must take at least 1 science class and at least 1 arts class. If his school offers 4 (distinct) science classes, 3 (distinct) arts classes and 3 other (distinct) classes, how many different choices for classes does he have?
How many ordered pairs (x,y) are there with x{0,1,2,,25}, y{0,2,4,,50} and x<y?
A square is cut by two parallel lines into three pieces of equal area as shown below.
The perpendicular distance between the parallel lines is 1. Find the area of the square.
Determine the sum of all positive integers which do not appear as one of the entries in a Pythagorean triple.
The area of a circle centered at the origin, which is inscribed in the parabola y=x2100, can be expressed as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
The sum
k=1154(1)k+1(2k+1k2+k)
can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime, positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
As ranges over all real values, the maximum value of sin3costan2+1 can be written as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b? This problem is posed by Ed M.
What is the largest possible value of 15sinx+8cosx, where x is a real number?

Find the natural number k such that 2k+234+237 is the square of an integer n.
Given that the roots of the equation x33x213x+c=0 form an arithmetic progression, find the constant term c.
The equation 2x262x+k=0 has two real roots, one of which is 1 more than twice the other. Find the value of k.
A strip of 41 squares is numbered 0,1,2,,40 from left to right and a token is placed on the square marked 0. Pinar rolls a pair of standard six-sided dice and moves the token right a number of squares equal to the total of the dice roll. If Pinar rolls doubles, then she rolls the dice a second time and moves the token in the same manner. If Pinar
gets doubles again, she rolls the dice a third time and moves the token in the same manner. If Pinar rolls doubles a third time she simply moves the token to the square marked 36. The expected value of the square that the token ends on can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
ABCD is a convex cyclic quadrilateral such that AB=AD and BAD=90.E is the foot of the perpendicular
from A to BC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from A to DC. If AE+AF=16, what is the area of ABCD?
Six people are playing Secret Santa for Christmas. They will each give one gift to someone, and each receive one gift from someone. They are not allowed to receive their own gift. How many different ways are there to exchange gifts?
Eight light bulbs are placed on the eight lattice points (1,1,1). Each light bulb can either be turned on or off. However, the lightbulbs are unstable, and if two light bulbs with distance less than or equal to 2 are on simultaneously, both lights explode. How many possible configurations of on/off light bulbs exist if no explosions occur? This problem is shared by Muhammad A. Lewis Chen proposed it for an NIMO competition.
A newly-opened restaurant has 5 menu items. If the first 4 customers each choose one menu item uniformly at random, the probability that the 4th customer orders a previously unordered item is ab, where a and b are relatively prime positive integers. What is a+b? This problem is posed by Muhammad A.
Missy and Mussy are very messy sisters. Their dresser drawer consists of 43 white socks, 2 black socks, 23 blue socks and 8 red socks. What is the minimum number of socks they must remove from the drawer, in order to be certain that they have removed four socks of the same color?
A drawer contains 200 distinct pairs of socks, and three socks are chosen at random. The probability that the three socks contain a pair of socks is ab, wherea and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
We say that a number x is 2-happy if twice the sum of the digits of x is greater than x. How many positive integers are 2-happy?
Let S(N) denote the digit sum of the integer N. Let R denote the smallest integer value of NS(N), where N is a 3digit number. What is the largest 3-digit number N that satisfies NS(N)=R?

How many (not necessarily positive) integer values of n are there, such that n22013n+5 is also an integer?
Let x,y,z, and t be positive real numbers such that x+y+z+t=1. What is the minimum value of
1x+1y+4z+16t?
This problem is posed by Tuong N.
Let 3a be the highest power of 3 that divides 1000!. What is a? Note: 1000!=1239991000.
How many positive integers n less than 10000 satisfy all of the following 3 properties: A) n is prime. B) n is a palindrome. C) n has an even number of digits.
Seven weeks ago June 24 to 30

How many ordered pairs of non-negative integers (a,b) are there such that a+b=432 ?
A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers (x,y,z) such thatx2+y2=z2. Find the sum of all z100, for which there exists a Pythagorean triple (x,y,z) with exactly two of the numbers x, y and z being prime.
How many ordered pairs of positive integers (m,n) satisfy
gcd(m3,n2)=2232 and lcm(m2,n3)=243456?
This problem is shared by Muhammad A.

The integers 1,2,,17 are divided into 5 disjoint sets. One set has 5 elements, one set has 4 elements, two sets have 3 elements and the last set contains the 2 remaining elements. Two players each choose a integer from 1 to 17 at random. The probability that they choose numbers from the same set can be expressed as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
40 students attended the brilliant summer camp at Stanford University. k of the students at the camp are working on math problems and the others are working on non-math problems. One of the camp mentors noticed that
whenever all the students were partitioned into 2 or more groups of equal size, they could never have the same number of math students in every group. How many different values could k have?
John has 3 unique coins such that the probability of obtaining a head when the coin is flipped is 110, 210 and 310, respectively. If he flips each of the 3 coins once, the probability that at least 1 heads appears is p. What is the value of 1000p?
The digits 1,2,3,4,5,6 are arranged to form a 6-digit number. The probability that the number formed is divisible by 4 can be expressed as ab where a and bare coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Suppose that 10 dice are rolled. Each die is a regular 6-sided die with numbers 1 through 6 labelled on the sides. How many different distinct sums of all 10 numbers are possible?
A sequence {ai}is defined by the recurrence relation an=404an1 with a0=4. There exists real valued constants r,s and t such that ai=rsi+tfor all non-negative integers i. Determine r2+s2+t2.
The solution to the equation
1+1x4x2=x
can be written in the form ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. Find a+b.
Three positive integers are in geometric progression, and have a sum of 19 and a product of 216. What is the least common multiple (LCM) of the three integers? This problem is posed by Shrajan V.
What is the sum of all possible real values of x, such that there exists a real value y which satisfies the equation (x+y40)2+(xy18)2=0?
Find the minimum possible value of
2cos4+8cos3+32cos2+56cos+100
In an urn, there are several colored balls, with equal numbers of each color. We add 14 balls which are all of the same new color, that is different from those in the urn. It is calculated that the probability of drawing, without replacement, two balls of the same color before the 14 balls are added, is equal to the probability of drawing,
without replacement, two balls of the same color after the 14balls are added. How many balls are there in the urn initially?
A 999-digit number starts with 9. Every 2 consecutive digits is divisible by 17 or 23. There are 2 possibilities for the last 3 digits. What is the sum of these 2 possibilities?
Jenny places 100 pennies on a table, with 30 showing heads and 70 showing tails. She chooses 40 distinct pennies uniformly at random and turns them over. That is, if a chosen penny was showing heads, she turns it to show tails; if a chosen penny was showing tails, she turns it to show heads. After this process, what is the expected number of pennies showing heads? This problem is shared by Muhammad A.
1 is a circle with center O1 and radius R1, 2 is a circle with center O2 and radius R2, and R2<R1. 2 has O1 on its
circumference. O1O2 intersect 2again at A. Circles 1 and 2 intersect at points B and C such that CO1B=52. D is a point on the circumference of 1 that is not contained within 2. The line DB intersects 2 at E. What is the measure (in degrees) of the acute angle between lines DE and EA?
ABCD is a square. 1 is a circle that circumscribes ABCD (i.e. 1 passes through points A,B,C and D). 2 is a circle
that is inscribed in ABCD (i.e. 2is tangential to sides AB,BC,CD and DA). If the area of 1 is 100, what is the area of 2?
Let A1B1C1D1A2B2C2D2 be a unit cube, where the vertex X2 is vertically above the vertex X1. Let M be the center of face A2B2C2D2. Rectangular pyramid MA1B1C1D1 is cut out of the cube. The surface area of the solid that remains after the pyramid is removed is expressed in the form a+b, where aand b are positive integers and b is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is a+b? This problem is posed by Muhammad A.
Vector v =2i+4j+7k. What is |v |2?

Find the sum of all primes p, such that p divides up, where up is the p-th Fibonacci number.
Consider the Collatz function defined on the positive integers:
f(n){n23n+1n evenn odd
Find the smallest value of n such that f(7)(n)=5.

Let
f(n)=11+2+12+3+13+41n+n+1.
For how many positive integers n, in the range 1n1000, is f(n) an integer? This problem is posed by Thaddeus A.
What is the sum of all possible positive integer values of n, such that n2+19n+130 is a perfect square?
S=1+2(15)+3(15)2+4(15)3.
If S=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers, what is the value of a+b?
Let S(N) denote the digit sum of the integer N. As N ranges over all 3-digit positive numbers, what value of N would give the minimum of M=NS(N)?
Consider the function defined as
f(x)=(x2+2x+3)2+4.
As x ranges over all real values, what is the minimum value of f(x)?
The number 27+200 can be simplified to the form a+b, where a and bare positive integers. Find the product ab.
Nine weeks ago June 10 to 16

Suppose f(x) is a non-constant polynomial such that
f(x3)f(x32)=(f(x))2+12
for all x. Find f(5).
The smallest possible positive value of
1(1w+1x+1y+1z)
where w, x, y, z are odd positive integers, has the form ab, where a,b are coprime positive integers. Find a+b.
If two numbers have arithmetic mean 2700 and harmonic mean 75, find their geometric mean.
This problem is posed by Mark Ellis E.

Find the positive integer value of n such that
n33n3+n34n3+n35n3++4n3+3n3=169.
This problem is posed by Jose N.
We define the binary operation as: ab=1ab for all real non-zero values aand b. We define the binary operation as: ab=a+bab, for all real non-zero values a and b. For what integer N does the equation 411=115N hold?
The sum of squares formula is given by
12+22+32++n2=n(n+1)(2n+1)6.
The sum of odd squares can be expressed as
12+32+52++(2n1)2=An3+Bn2+Cn+D.
The value of A can be expressed as ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?
A monic polynomial f(x) of degree four satisfies f(1)=10, f(2)=20, and f(3)=30. Determine
f(12)+f(8)19000.
This problem is posed by Garvil S.
a,b and c are positive real numbers greater than or equal to 1 satisfying abcalgablgbclgc=100,10000.
What is the value of a+b+c?
We have a list of N consecutive 3-digit numbers, each of which is not divisible by its digit sum. What is the largest possible value of N?
Two congruent circles 1 and 2 each have radius 213, and the center of 1 lies on 2. Suppose 1 and 2 intersect at A and B. The line through Aperpendicular to AB meets 1 and 2 again at C and D, respectively. Find the length of CD. This problem is posed by Muhammad A.
10 weeks ago June 3 to 9

For a positive integer x, let f(x) be the function which returns the number of distinct positive factors of x. If p is a prime number, what is the minimum possible value of f(75p2)? This problem is posed by Michael T.
Evaluate
(84+64)(164+64)(244+64)(324+64)(404+64)(484+64)(564+64)(644+64)(44+64)(124+64)(204+64)(284+64)(364+64)(444+64)(524+64)(604+64). No answer given See worked solution Number Theory and Algebra
Find the largest positive integer x such that
3620+322x4x2
is a real number.
Find the sum of all positive integers m such that 2m can be expressed as sums of four factorials (of positive integers).
The sum of all real numbers x such that
x=129(329x12013)
can be written as abc, where a and c are positive coprime integers and b is a positive integer that is not divisible by the square of a prime. Find a+b+c. This problem is posed by Zi Song Y.
Let f(x)=3171x33114x+2+357x+31. Let S be the sum of all real values of x that satisfy f(x)=0. What is the value of 1S?
How many ordered pairs of positive integers 1kn50 are there, such that k divides n, and
(nk)!=n!k!?
x satisfies the equation (x+1x+1)(x+1x)=1. What is the value of (x20+1x20+1)(x20+1x20)?

6 friends (Andy, Bandy, Candy, Dandy, Endy and Fandy) are out to dinner. They will be seated in a circular table (with 6 seats). How many ways are there to seat them?
Calvin and Dan are playing a game of chance. Calvin tosses 8 fair coins, and wins if he obtains at least 4 heads. The probability that Calvin wins can be expressed as ab, where a,b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
How many three digits numbers N=abc are there such that ab and cb?
Three squares, all with side lengths 16, are placed so that two share a common side and the third is centered on top of the bottom two as in the figure below. The radius of the smallest circle containing all three squares is r. Determine r2.

The integers from 1 through 10 (inclusive) are divided into three groups, each containing at least one number. These groups satisfy the additional property that if x is in a group and 2x10, then 2x is in the same group. How many different ways are there to create the groups?
Three points are chosen uniformly at random from the perimeter of circle. The probability that the triangle formed by these is acute can be expressed as abwhere a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Let X be the random variable denoting the number of heads out of 100 independent, fair coin tosses. What is the variance of X?
P is a point outside of circle . The tangent from P to touches at A. A line from P intersects at B and C such
that ACP=120. If AC=16 and AP=19, then the radius of can be expressed as abc, where b is an integer not divisible by the square of any prime and a,c are coprime positive integers. What is a+b+c?
Given that sin(2)=23, the value of
sin6+cos6
can be written as ab with a and b coprime positive integers. Find a+b. This problem is posed by Ryan P.
There are four complex fourth roots to the number 443i. These can be expressed in polar form as
z1=r1(cos1+isin1) z2=r2(cos2+isin2) z3=r3(cos3+isin3) z4=r4(cos4+isin4),

where ri is a real number and 0i<360. What is the value of 1+2+3+4 (in degrees)?
Suppose a,b, and c are positive integers such that
a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+abc=1000.
Find a+b+c. This problem is posed by Vishnoo P.
If a+b+c=0 and a2+b2+c2=22, what is a4+b4+c4?

Given x such that 9x4x=665 and 3x2x=19, evaluate 3x+2x. This problem is posed by Minimario M.
Juliet has attempted 213 problems on Brilliant and solved 210 of them correctly. Her friend Romeo has just joined Brilliant, and has attempted 4problems and solved 2 correctly. From now on, Juliet and Romeo will attempt all the same new problems. Find the minimum number of problems they must attempt such that it is possible that Romeo's ratio of correct solutions to attempted problems will be strictly greater than Juliet's.
What is the sum of all integer values of x such that
(x217x+71)(x234x+240)=1?
What is the expected number of heads that will appear in 52 fair coin tosses? Note: A fair coin has probability 12 of landing heads, and probability 12 of landing tails. It has probability 0 of landing 'on its side'.
In basketball, a player can score points in 3 different ways: 1 point from the foul line, 2 points for shots close to the basket, or 3 points for shots far away from the basket. If a player scores 30 points in a game, how many different ways can this be achieved?

A full binary tree of height 4 has 15 nodes, as pictured below.
The 8 nodes at the bottom of the tree are called end nodes or leaf nodes. Two distinct end nodes are uniformly chosen. The expected length of the shortest path between them can be expressed as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Triangle ABC has area equal to 9034 and perimeter equal to 30. Also, one of its angles is equal to 60. What is the product of the sides of ABC?
Points A,B,C are given on circle such that AB=BC. The tangents at A and at B intersect again at point D. The line CD intersects again at E. The line AE intersects BD at F. If AD=120, what is the length of FB?
f(x) is a cubic polynomial such that f(n)=1n2+1 for n=1,2,3,4. If f(0)=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers,
what is the value of a+b?
Miles has 4 Lego people in his Lego town. A Lego person consists of exactly 1 set of legs, a torso, and a head. All of these body parts are distinct. Miles' son comes in and separates the Lego people into their individual pieces. How many different sets of 4 Lego people can be created from the pieces?
In triangle ABC, points D,E,F are on sides BC,CA,AB respectively such that AD,BE,CF are angle bisectors of triangle ABC. The lines AD,BE,CFare concurrent at I, the incenter of triangle ABC. If BAC=92, what is the measure (in degrees) of EIF?
Let S be a set of 31 equally spaced points on a circle centered at O, and consider a uniformly random pair of distinct points A and B (A,BS). The probability that the perpendicular bisectors of OA and OB intersect strictly inside the circle can be expressed as mn, where m,n are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n. This problem is posed by Muhammad A.
12 weeks ago May 20 to 26

Suppose a,b, and c are positive integers such that
ab+bc=130, ac+bc=168, ab+ac=228.

Find a+b+c. This problem is posed by Kiriti M.
Find the value of x satisfying the equation
3x+5x2=3.
x and y are positive real numbers that satisfy logxy+logyx=174 and xy=2883. If x+y=a+bc, where a, b and c are
positive integers and c is not divisible by the square of any prime, what is the value of a+b+c?
How many integers satisfy (n2324)2<1?

How many pairs of positive integers (a,b), where ab satisfy 1a+1b=150?

a, b, c, A and C are real numbers that satisfy the equation (ax2+bx+c)2=Ax4+16x3+28x2+24x+C

How many possible ordered triples of (a,b,c) are there?
Let N be the number that consists of 61 consecutive 3's, so N=333333 number that consists of 62 consecutive 6's, so M=6666666 of NM?
Number Theory and Algebra 626s.
613s.
Let M be the
What is the digit sum
The sequence {ak}112k=1 satisfies a1=1 and an=1337+nan1, for all positive integers n. Let
S=a10a13+a11a14+a12a15++a109a112.
Find the remainder when S is divided by 1000. This problem is posed by Akshaj.
Given quadrilateral ABCD where AB is parallel to DC and AC and BDintersect at E, with BEC=52 and ACD=25, what is ABE (in degrees)?
A bicycle manufacturer has 4 different colors to paint the bike frame and another 7 colors to paint the bike wheels. How many different color combinations of bicycles can this manufacturer make?
Two independent, fair 6 sided dice are rolled. The first die face shows a 3. The second die rolls under the table, so you can not see its face. The probability that the dice under the table is 3 given that the first dice is 3 can be written as ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?
An isosceles triangle ABC has AB=AC. Points D and E are within line segment BC such that B,D,E,C lie in order and AD=AE. If DAE=34and ACB=37, what is the measure of BAE (in degrees)?
Vectors u =2i+9j+0k and v =13i+18j+0k. What is the value of |u v |?

Equilateral triangle ABC has a circumcircle with center O and circumradius 10. Another circle 1 is drawn inside such that it is tangential to radii OC andOB and circle . The radius of 1 can be expressed in the form abc, where a,b and c are positive integers, and b is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is the value of a+b+c?

ABCD is a rectangle with AB=50 and BC=120. E is a point on CD(possibly extended) such that AE=EC. What is the
length of DE?
Petr has ten different two-player board games on his shelf. He has them numbered 1 through 10. When he plays the game n against Diego, he has a n2100chance of winning. If Petr rolls a fair ten-sided die to determine which game to play, the probability that he will win against Diego can be expressed as ab wherea and b are positive, coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?

The three interior angles in a triangle are x, (2x+24) and (3x+48). What is the value of x?
What is the mean of the first 10 positive even numbers?

There are 10 cards, labeled from 1 to 10, lying face down on a table. You pick a card, and if that card is a 10, you win $20. If the card is not 10 you win $0. What is the expected amount you would win (in dollars)?
Rajiv has 1000 marbles. He wants to store them separately in different bags, so that each bag contains a different number of marbles. What is the maximum number of bags that Rajiv will use?
What is the radius of the base of a cylinder with surface area equal to 420 and height equal to 11?
Suppose x and y are real numbers and 4x+3xi+yi43=2y+2xix+2yi+5i. Find the product xy.
What is the largest prime factor of 58+22?

Find the number of 6-term strictly increasing geometric progressions, such that all terms are positive integers less than 1000.
x and y are positive values satisfying x+y=14. When ln(y2+4xy+7)attains its maximum (subject to the given
constraint), what is the value of 1xy?
Let f(x) be a polynomial such that
f(f(x))x2=xf(x).
Find f(100). This problem is posed by Zi Song Y.
Determine the last three digits of
n=210,000,000(n7+n5).
This problem is posed by Zi Song Y.
How many positive integers n are there such that 10nn10?

How many positive integers less than 1020 have all their digits the same?
The probability that a positive divisor of 60 is greater than 9 can be written as ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Vincenzo makes a sandwich using four kinds of Italian lunch meat: Genoa, prosciutto, Calabrese and capicola and two kinds of Italian cheese: provolone and asiago. Vincenzo's sandwich has a single layer of each type of meat and a single layer of each kind of cheese, but he also wants to make sure that the two types of cheese are not next to each other. How many different ways can Vincenzo arrange the meat and cheese on his sandwich?
An ant is walking along the cartesian plane. It starts at the point A=(18,8)walks in a straight line to a point on the x-axis, walks directly to the right for 7 units and then walks in a straight line to the point B=(9,13). What is the shortest distance that the ant could have walked?

is an angle such that 180<<270, and sin=1213. What is the value of 180(sin22+cos22+tan22)?
The product of the digits of a positive two-digit number exceeds the sum of the digits by 39. If the order of the digits is reversed, the number is increased by 27. Find the number.
Find the smallest positive integer n such that the equation 455x+1547y=50,000+n has a solution (x,y) where both x and y are integers.
Suppose is an angle strictly between 0 and 2 such that sin5=sin5. The number tan2 can be uniquely written as ab, where a and b are positive integers, and b is not divisible by the square of a prime. What is the value of a+b?

Suppose a and b are positive integers satisfying 1a31, 1b31 such that the polynomial P(x)=x3ax2+a2b3x+9a2b2 has roots r, s, and t. Given that there exists a positive integer k such that (r+s)(s+t)(r+t)=k2, compute the maximum possible value of ab. This problem is posed by Samir K.
A 10 km race has 5 water stations set up around the course. What is the minimum number of people that must run in the race in order to guarantee that 10 people stop at the same set of water stations?
What is the sum of all positive integers N1000 such that N equals 13 times the digit sum of N?
Let x=2013, y=140542, z=142555. Find

(xyz+yzx+zxy)(xyz+yzx+zxy).
Find the sum of squares of all real roots of the polynomial f(x)=x57x3+2x230x+6.
The game Upright is played by two players on an mn board of squares and has the following rules: 1. At the start of the game, a kangaroo game piece is placed on the bottom left square of the board. 2. Players alternate turns moving the kangaroo, and the first player moves first. 3. On the player's turn, they can either move the kangaroo some number of squares to the right, keeping it in the same row, or they can move it to the leftmost square on the row above. 4. A player loses if they are unable to make a move. If m and n can each be any number between 1 and 20 inclusive, for how many of the 400 possible game board sizes can the second player win if both players play optimally?
The magician, The Great Ziggyny, is planning his next world tour. He knows a total of 7 different illusions but he only has time to perform 4 of them at any show. The Great Ziggyny does not want any two of his shows to be identical, so they cannot contain the same 4 illusions in the same order. What is the most number of cities The Great Ziggyny can visit and perform at on his tour?
A certain professional soccer team runs a 4-4-2 formation on the field. This means they play with 4 defenders, 4 midfielders, 2 forwards, and 1 goalkeeper on the field. If the team has 6 defenders, 5 midfielders, 3 forwards, and 2 goalkeepers, how many different groups of 11 starting players could they have?

Three spheres of radius 10 are placed on a table all touching each other. A fourth sphere of radius 10 is placed so that it lies on top of the other three. The distance from the bottom of the fourth sphere to the table is h, and h2=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Determine the least positive integer n for which the following condition holds: No matter how the elements of the set of the first n positive integers, i.e. {1,2,n}, are colored in red or blue, there are (not necessarily distinct) integers x,y,z, and w in a set of the same color such that x+y+z=w. This problem is shared by Sayan C.
Two points are chosen uniformly at random on the unit circle and joined to make a chord C1. This process is repeated 17 more times to get chords C2,C3,,C18. What is the expected number of pairs of chords that intersect?
Let AB be the diameter of circle 1. In the interior of 1, there are circles 2and 3 that are tangent to 1 at A and B, respectively. 2 and 3 are also externally tangent at the point C. This tangent line (at C) cuts 1 at P and Q, with PQ=20. The area that is within 1 but not in 2 or 3 is equal to M. Determine M.
Let r1,r2,r3 be the roots of polynomial P(x)=x3+3x+1. Evaluate the product
k=13(r2k+rk+1).
This problem is posed by Francisco R.
How many integers x satisfy the condition that both 2x and 3x are perfect squares? This problem is posed by Qi Huan T.
x,y,z are positive real numbers such that x+y+z=9 and xy+9xz+25yz=9xyz. Find the sum of all possible values of xyz.
This problem is posed by Alexander K.
ABCD is a rectangle with AC=20 and AB=2BC. What is the area of rectangle ABCD?
A right triangle has perimeter equal to 80 and hypotenuse equal to 34. What is the area of the triangle?
The roots of the polynomial f(x)=2x3+20x2+201x+2013 are , and . What is the value of (+1)(+1)(+1)?

Three roots of f(x)=x42x3+ax2+bx+c are 5, 3 and 4. What is the value of a+b+c? You may choose to refer to the Remainder-Factor Theorem.
We are given that log102<0.302. How many digits are there in the decimal representation of 5500?
a and b are positive integers that satisfy 18a=b3. What is the minimum possible value of a+b?
If the expression (x2+2x1)8 is completely expanded, what is the sum of the coefficients of the terms with even powers of x?
Raoul wants to create a weekly schedule for going to the gym. He wants to go to the gym the same three days each week, and he wants there to be at least one day in between each of his visits. How many different ways can Raoul schedule his weekly gym visits?
There are 4 students in a class. A teacher wants them to each secretly choose a partner for a group project. If everyone independently chooses a partner randomly, the probability that everyone choses a partner who chose him/her is P. What is the value of 1P?
A point P is uniformly chosen inside a regular hexagon of side length 3. For each side of the hexagon a line is drawn from P to the point on that side which is closest to P. The probability that the sum of the lengths of these segments is less than or equal to 93 can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
ABC is an equilateral triangle with side length N. X is a point within ABC, such that the distance from X to the
vertices A,B,C are 8, 13 and 15, respectively. What is the value of N2?
A video rental store offers 436 different movies for rent. The movies are categorized as Comedies, Action Movies, and Dramas. A movie may be in more than one of the categories. If 234 movies are categorized as Comedies, 97 as Action Movies, and 191 as Dramas, what's the most number of movies that could be categorized as all three?
is a circle with chord AB. P is a point outside of such that PA is tangent to and BPA=90. If AB=48 and PB=8,
what is the radius of ?
16 weeks ago April 22 to 28

x and y are real numbers that satisfy the equations x2+y2=125 and x+y=13. What is the sum of all (distinct) possible
values of x?
How many distinct integer values of N between 1 and 1000 are there, such that N=4a+b+4c and 2N=7a+6b+7c for some positive integers a, b and c?
For how many odd positive integers n<1000 does the number of positive divisors of n divide n?
4 distinct integers p, q, r and s are chosen from the set {1,2,3,,16,17}. The minimum possible value of pq+rs can
be written as ab, where a and b are positive, coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?
a,b and c are positive integers such that the simultaneous equations (a2b)x=1, (b2c)x=1 and x+25=c have a
positive solution for x. What is the minimum value of a?
What is the largest 3 digit divisor of N=1024363933853?

Find the smallest prime number N such that the following is true: The largest prime factor of N1 is A; The largest prime factor of A1 is B; The largest prime factor of B1 is 7.
In triangle ABC, we have AB=17,BC=18,CA=19. Points D,E and Fare the midpoints of BC,CA and AB respectively. What is the perimeter of triangle DEF?
What is the sum of all numbers that occur an odd number of times in rows 0through 11 of Pascal's triangle?
In a recent election for class president, Monika received 7 of the 10 votes and Alfred received 3 of the 10 votes that were cast by the class. When the machine was counting the votes, it malfunctioned and instead of giving the vote to the correct person, it gave the vote to each candidate with probability 12 (regardless of whom the vote was cast for). The probability that the machine gave each student the correct number of votes in the election can be expressed as ab where a and b are positive, coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?
P is a point in triangle ABC. The lines AP,BP, and CP intersect the sides BC,CA, and AB at points D,E, and F,
respectively. If [BDP]=10,[DPC]=16, [APB]=210, what is [APC]?
Bibi wants to send invitations to some of her friends to come to her birthday party. She has contact information for 37 friends stored on her phone, but she only wants to invite 21 of those people to her party. She tries to send out a message to the 21 people, but her phone malfunctions and sends the message to three random contacts (uniformly chosen). The probability that exactly one person who got the invitation was not supposed to be invited to the party can be expressed as ab, where a and b are positive, coprime numbers. What is the value of a+b?
A farmer is testing a new piece of equipment he has for determining whether an animal is a cow or a sheep. If a cow walks through the machine, 90% of the time it says it is a cow and 10% of the time it says it is a sheep. If a sheep walks through the machine, 95% of the time it says it is a sheep and 5% of the time it says it is a cow. The farmer has 5 cows and 36 sheep. If an animal walks through and the machine claims it is a cow, the probability that it actually is a cow can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime numbers. What is a+b?
An equilateral triangle ABC has AB=203. P is a point placed in triangle ABC and D,E and F are the foot of the perpendiculars from P to AB, BCand AC, respectively. If PD=9 and PE=10, what is the value of the length of PF?
Triangle ABC has integer side lengths. Rectangles BCDE,ACFG,ABHJ are constructed so that CD=AC+AB, CF=AB+BC, and BH=(AC+BC)2. If [ABHJ]=[BCDE]+[ACFG], how many different values can [ABC] have?
Suppose f(x) is a degree 8 polynomial such that f(2i)=12i for all integers 0i8. If f(0)=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers, what is the value of a+b?

4 numbers are given such that each of the 6 pairwise sums are distinct. If the 4 smallest sums are 7,9,10 and 14, what is the largest possible product of these 4 numbers?
The product of 2 positive integers is 1000. What is the smallest possible sum of these 2 integers?
Let (n) be the sum of the positive divisors of an integer n and (n) be the number of positive integers smaller than n that are coprime to n. If p is a prime number, what is the maximum value (p)(p)?
x,y and z are positive integers such that x<y,x+y=201,zx=200. What is the maximum value of x+y+z?
It can be shown that for any positive integer n, the infinitely nested radical expression
n+n+n+
equals a finite number. What is the largest positive integer n999 such that this expression is equal to a positive integer?
Find the sum of all 2 digit numbers N=ab, where a0, such that N divides a0b.
x,y and z are complex numbers that satisfy the equations x+y+z=2, xy+yz+zx=3 and xyz=4. Given
that 11xyz+11yzx+11zxy=ab, where a and b are coprime positive integers, what is the value of a+b?
If x=3+5, what is the value of
x2(x28)(x214)(x218)?
41 different balls are drawn from a bag containing balls labelled 1,2,,300. The probability that the number of
balls drawn that are labelled with an odd number is larger than the number of balls drawn that are labelled with an even number can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
In triangle ABC, we have BCA=3CAB, BC=343 and AB=504. What is AC?

A circle has diameter AD of length 400. B and C are points on the same arc of AD such that |AB|=|BC|=60. What is the length |CD|?
There are 100 runners, each given a distinct bib labeled 1 to 100. What is the most number of runners that we could arrange in a circle, such that the product of the numbers on the bibs of any 2 neighboring runners, is less than 1000?
0 lines cuts the plane into at most 1 region. A line cuts the plane into at most 2 regions. 2 lines cut the plane into at most 4 regions. What is the most number of regions that 9 lines can cut the plane into?
A bag contains 10 red marbles, 10 green marbles, 10 yellow marbles and 10blue marbles. You reach into the bag and grab a marble, then reach into the bag and grab a second marble. The probability that the second marble is the same color as the first marble is ab, where a and b are positive, coprime integers. What is the value of a+b? Note: You do not place the first marble back into the bag.
How many 3 digit positive even integers are there, such that all the digits are distinct from each other?
(Refer to diagram below) Two lines intersect at O at an angle of 60. Two circles are drawn such that they are tangent to each other and the two lines. Aand B are the centers of the smaller and larger, respectively. If the radius of the smaller circle is 15, what is the length of OB?

For any real number , the parabola f(x)=2x2+x+3 passes through the common point (a,b). What is the value of a+b?
An ordered triple of real numbers (a,b,c) is called friendly, if each number is equal to the product of the other 2. How many (distinct ordered) friendly triples are there?
Find a positive integer n such that 20n13+13n20=2013. This problem is proposed by Ahaan.
Given that x is a real number satisfying what is 100x?

x+11100+x+12100++x+90100=331,
Raj and Vikram are two travelers in ancient India, walking along the Silk road. On the first day of travel, Raj travels 5 yojanas, and on each successive day travels 3 yojanas more than the previous day. Vikram started at the
same place and travels the same path, but started 5 days earlier, and travels 7 yojanas a day. On which day of Raj's travel will the two of them meet?
Let N=1!2!3!4!9!10!. Let 2k be the largest power of 2 that divides N. What is the value of k?
If two six-sided dice are rolled, the probability that they both show the same number can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?
Triangle ABC has lengths AB=14, AC=18 and also a given angle of BAC=30. What is the area of triangle ABC? You may choose to read the blog post on Sine Rule.
In triangle ABC, D is the midpoint of AC and E is the midpoint of AB. BDand CE are perpendicular to each other and intersect at the point G. If AB=7and AC=9, what is the value of BC2?
A point (x,y) in the first quadrant is 600 units closer to the point (500,0) than to the point (500,0) and is a distance of 400 units away from the origin. The value of x is 2A. Find A.
In a cookie jar, there are 6 chocolate chip cookies and 8 oatmeal cookies. Hungry Paddy takes out the cookies one at a time and proceeds to eat them. The probability that the 7th cookie that Paddy eats is a chocolate chip cookie is ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers. What is the value of a+b?
A farmer is testing a new piece of equipment he has for determining whether an animal is a cow or a sheep. If a cow walks through the machine, 90% of the time it says it is a cow and 10% of the time it says it is a sheep. If a sheep walks through the machine, 95% of the time it says it is a sheep and 5% of the time it says it is a cow. The farmer has 5 cows and 36 sheep. If an animal walks through and the machine claims it is a cow, the probability that it actually is a cow can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime numbers. What is a+b?
Let =sin1725. Consider the sequence of values defined by an=sin(n). They satisfy the recurrence relation
an+2=k1an+1+k0an,nN
for some (fixed) real numbers k1,k0. The sum k1+k0 can be written as pq, where p and q are positive coprime integers. What is the value of p+q? This problem is proposed by Matt.
Convex quadrilateral ABCD has sides AB=BC=21, CD=15 and AD=9. Given additionally that ABC=60, what is the length of BD? This problem is proposed by John.
Find the number of positive integers <1000 that can be expressed as 2k2m,where k and m are non-negative integers.
The function f(x)=x3+14x14 is a monotonically increasing function, hence it is injective (one-to-one), so its inverse function exists and is well defined. How many points of intersection are there, between the function f(x)and its inverse f1(x)?

What is the largest possible integer that can be chosen as one of five distinct positive integers whose average is 10?
Let f(x)=2x2+40x+25. Given that f(x) leaves the same remainder when divided by xa as when divided by x+2a for a positive integer a, what is the value of a?
Given that 2.004<log10101<2.005, how many digits are there in the decimal representation of 101101?
x,y and z are complex numbers satisfying x1+y1+z1x2+y2+z2x3+y3+z3=1=2=3

The value of x4+y4+z4 can be expressed as ab, where a and b are positive coprime integers. What is the value of a+b? This problem is proposed by Harshit.
How many ordered triples (x,y,z) of integer solutions are there to the system of equations
{x2+y2+z2x2z2+y2z2=194=4225?
Let f(x)=x21. How many distinct real roots are there to f(f(f(x)))=0?
Yan was opening a new restaurant, so she went to the sign store to get letters to make a sign to hang above the storefront. When she got to the sign store, the only letters they had in stock were two copies of the letter 'X,' two
copies of the letter 'E,' and one copy of the letter 'V.' Yan decided to buy all the letters and use all of them to make the name of her store. How many different names can she give her store using these 5 letters?
The vertices of a cube are labeled with the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, such that no two vertices are labeled with the same number. The sum of any 2numbers on an edge is prime. What is the maximum sum of the 4 numbers on a face?
How many lattice points lie on the sphere x2+y2+z2=2013?

A bag contains 150 balls numbered 1 through 150. Three balls are drawn and placed on the table. The probability that the balls were drawn in increasing order can be expressed as ab where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a+b?

Geometry and Combinatorics

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Geometry and Combinatorics

No answer given See worked solution

The real number x satisfying the equation

Two weeks ago July 29 to August 4

This problem is posed by Minimario M.

Let a, b, and c be positive real numbers such that

This problem is posed by Ahmad.

No answer given See worked solution

This problem is posed by Alex R.

Your answer 81 See worked solution

Suppose f(x) is a quadratic polynomial satisfying

Let x,y,z be the real roots of the cubic equation

For what positive integer value N<1000 is N2755N+56 also an integer?

a,b and c are integers such that (xa)(x20)+1=(x+b)(x+c).

Four weeks ago July 15 to 21

What is the remainder, when (2013101) is divided by 101?

Let x,y be complex numbers satisfying

Geometry and Combinatorics

What is the largest possible value of 15sinx+8cosx, where x is a real number?

Your answer 270 See worked solution

Seven weeks ago June 24 to 30

How many ordered pairs of positive integers (m,n) satisfy

gcd(m3,n2)=2232 and lcm(m2,n3)=243456?

This problem is shared by Muhammad A.

The solution to the equation

Find the minimum possible value of

Vector v =2i+4j+7k. What is |v |2?

Consider the Collatz function defined on the positive integers:

f(n){n23n+1n evenn odd

Find the smallest value of n such that f(7)(n)=5.

Consider the function defined as

Nine weeks ago June 10 to 16

Suppose f(x) is a non-constant polynomial such that

The smallest possible positive value of

This problem is posed by Mark Ellis E.

Find the positive integer value of n such that

The sum of squares formula is given by

10 weeks ago June 3 to 9

Find the largest positive integer x such that

The sum of all real numbers x such that

x satisfies the equation (x+1x+1)(x+1x)=1. What is the value of (x20+1x20+1)(x20+1x20)?

Geometry and Combinatorics

Your answer 425 See worked solution

Given that sin(2)=23, the value of

Number Theory and Algebra

z1=r1(cos1+isin1) z2=r2(cos2+isin2) z3=r3(cos3+isin3) z4=r4(cos4+isin4),

Suppose a,b, and c are positive integers such that

If a+b+c=0 and a2+b2+c2=22, what is a4+b4+c4?

What is the sum of all integer values of x such that

Your answer 49 See worked solution

A full binary tree of height 4 has 15 nodes, as pictured below.

Your answer 5 See worked solution

12 weeks ago May 20 to 26

Suppose a,b, and c are positive integers such that

ab+bc=130, ac+bc=168, ab+ac=228.

Find the value of x satisfying the equation

How many integers satisfy (n2324)2<1?

How many pairs of positive integers (a,b), where ab satisfy 1a+1b=150?

a, b, c, A and C are real numbers that satisfy the equation (ax2+bx+c)2=Ax4+16x3+28x2+24x+C

What is the digit sum

Vectors u =2i+9j+0k and v =13i+18j+0k. What is the value of |u v |?

Your answer 53 See worked solution

13 weeks ago May 13 to 19

What is the mean of the first 10 positive even numbers?