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Jawab semua soalan.

I An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light iirtensity

on the rate of
photosynthesis of a Hydrilla sp. sprig.
Satu eksperimen telah diialanka-i uituk m.enghaiikesan keamatan cahaya
ke atas kadar
fotosintesisbagi setangkai Hyd.ritta sp.
The following steps were carried out.
Langkah-langkah berihut telah.d,ijalankan.
Step 1 : 50 m(' of 2%osodium hydrogen carbonate solution was placed in
a boiling
tube.
Langh,ah 7 ml. larutan ZYonatrium hidrogen karbonat telah d.imasukkan ke d.alam
10,
taoung ctldln.
Step 2 A sp..sprig was immersed in the sodium. hydrogen carbonate
-Hy.dr:illa
solution.
Langkah 2 setanghai Hyd'ritta sp. d,irend,amkanke d,alam larutan natrium hid,rogen
karbonat.
Step 3 A light source from a 60 W bulb was placed at a distance of 60 cm from
the
boiling tube.
Langh'ah 3 : Sa\ su,rnbercahaya d,aripad,a satu mentot 6a W dileta,kkanpada jarak
60 cm
dari tabung didih.

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up used in this experiment.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan rad,as-yangdigunakan-d,alam eksperimen
ini.
Retort stand
Kaki retort Boiling tube
Tabungdidih

\
2% sodium hydrogen
carbonate solution
Laru,tan2%onatrium

Paper clip "/

Hydrilla sp. ' Klip kertas
60 W bulb
Mentol60.W

Rulei
. Pembaris
Diagrarn 1
Rajah t
 1-
(a) In Table 1, list all the materials and apparatus labelled in Diagram
dalam Rajah L'
Dalam Jad,ual L, senaraikan semua bahan d.an radas yang berlabel

Material Apparatus
Bahan Radas

Table 1
Joduol t
[3 rnarks]
13 markahl

Table 2 shows the results of this experiment

Jad.ual 2 Tnenunjukkankeputusan eksperimenini'

Distance between light source Total number of bubbles released

and HYd'rilla sP. in 5 minutes
Jumlah bilanga,n gelembung Yang
Ja,rak di antara surnber eahoYa
d'an HYdrillo sP. d.ibebaskan d'alann rnusa 5 minit

Bubble
Gelembung
60 cm

' Hydrilla sp.

50 cm

r
I
I
 4O ern

30 cm

Table 2
Jad,ual 2

(b) Record the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes

in the boxes provided in
Table 2.
Rekod jumlah bilangan gelernbung yeng d.ibebaskan d.alam tna,sa S minit
d,alam petak
yang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.

lB marksl
lB markah,l
(c) (t state two different observations made from Table 2.
Nyatakan daa pemerhatinn yang berbeza yang d.ibuat d,aripad,a
Jad.ual 2.
Observation 1 / Pemerhatian L:

Observation 2 I Pemerhatian 2:

l3 ntarkahl
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations
in l(c)(i).
Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan d,enganpemerhatian d,i r(d(i).
Inference from observation L r lTtferens d,aripad,a pemerhatian
L:
 Inference from observation 2 | Inferens d,aripada pemerhatian 2:

[3 marksf
[3 markah]
(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.
Lengkaphan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable Method to handle the variable

Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
P em bol ehub ah di m anip ulasikan

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

Table 3
Jad,ual 3
[3 marks]
l3 markahl
(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

l3 marksl
l3 markahl
 (0 (il Construct table and record all the data collected
in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekod,kan sernua d,ata yang
d,ikumpul dalarn eksperirnew ini.
Your table should have the following titles:
Jadual anda hendakrah mengand,uigi tajuk-tajuk
berikut:
Distance between light source and Hydrilla sp.
Jarak di antara sumber cahaya d,an-Hydrilli sp.
Total number of bubbles released in b minutes
Jumlah bilangan gerembung ydng d.ibebaskan
d,aram masa 5 minit
Light intensity
Keamatan cahaya
Use the formula:

' Light intensity =

Gunakan formula:
Keamatan cahaya = -;------- 1
- JaraU

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page

,J'*:#l
2L5 toa-nswer this part of the question. Using
the data in l(f)(i), draw the graph or trt" total
number oi bubbles against the light
intensity.
IB marksf
Guna kertas graf yang d'isediakan d'i halaman 2L5
untuh menjawab ceraian soalan
ini' Menggunakan data d'i 1(0(r), lukis graf
iumlah bilangan gelembung melawan
k'earnatan cahaya'
tz tnarkahl
(g) Based on the gTp! in l(f)(ii), explain
the relationship between the total number of
bubbles and the.light intensity-
Berdasarkan graf di L(DGi} terangkan hubungan
antara jumlah bilangan gelentbung
dengan keamatan cahaya.

[3 marksf
[3 marhahl
(h) This experiment is repeated using two sprigs of.Hydrilla sp'
predict the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes by these two sprigs of
Hydrilla sp.
Explain your prediction.
Eksperimen ini d,iul,angi d.engan nxenggunakan dua tangkai Hydrilla sp'
Raiatkan jumlah bilingan gelembung yatug dibebaskan dalam. nxasa 5 minit oleh dua
tangkai Hydrilla sp. ini.
Terarugkan ramalan and'a.

[3 marhsJ
13 markahl

(t Based on the result from this experiment, what can be deduced about photosynthesis?
Berd.asarkan keputusan d,aripad.a eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat dirumuskan tentang
fotosintesis?

l3 rnarks)
l3 markahl
 Graph of the total number of bubbles against the light intensity
9"t bagi jumlah bitangan gerembung *ilo*on keaiatan cahaya
 of glucose in
Anaerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy from the breakdown
glucose solution'
the absence of oxygen. Yeast can carry out anaerobic respiration in a
Zimase
Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + EnergY
glukosa tarupci'oksigen'
Respirasi anaerab ialah prosespembebasan tenaga d.aripada penguraian
Y.s boleh menjalankan respirasi anaerob dalam larutan glukosa.
Zimase Etanol + Karbon dioksid'a + Tenaga
Glukosa
pH values
The rate of anaerobic respiration is affected by'several factors such as temperature,
and nutrients.
nilai pH dan
Kad.ar respirasi anaerob d,ipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti suhu,
nutrien.
to investigate
Based on the above information and equation, design a laboratory experiment
the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast'
makmal untuk
Berd,asarkan maklamat d.an persam,adn d.i atas, reka bentuk satu eskperimen
nxengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kad,ar respirasi anaerob d'alam yis.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Peraicangai ekiperimen and,a hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:
' Problem statement
Pernyataan rnasalah
' Aim of investigation
Objektif kajian
' Hypothesis
iiiotesis
' Variables
Pembolehubah
' List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
' Technique used
Teknik yarlg d'igunakan
. Experimental procedure or method
Kaedah atau Prosedur eksPerimen
' Presentation of data
Cara data diPersembahkan
' Conclusion
Kesimpulan
lL7 marks)
[L7 markah]
 (b) Diagram 9.2 showsan ecosystemofrainforest. (c) (t Observation 1:
_ An ecosystem is a community of living The plant released a gas which is collected as
organisms such as plant, monkey, deer, snail, a gas bubble in the boiling tube.
butterfly interacting with one another ancl Observation 2:
with the non-living environment such as The shorter the distance between light source
water and temperature. andHyd.rilla sp., the higher the total numbe-.
In this ecosystem, the gteen plants act as of bubbles releasedin 5 minutes in the boiling
producers which directly produce food for deer tube.
and the fruits for monkey as well. (ir) Inference from observation 1:
This ecosystem provides the plants and the The gas bubble that is released indicates that
animals with the basic resources of life such the plant is undergoing photosynthesis.
as shelter, living space,nesting and breeding Inference from observation 2:
sites, For example, a single tree can be a The shorter the distance between light
habitat for birds and monkeys. source and,Hyd,rilla sp., the gteater the light
Rainforest provide biodensity. intensity. Hence, the higher the amount of
Green plants undergo photosynthesis which oxygen gas released in the boiling tube, the
water, light and carbon dioxide gases are higher the rate ofphotosynthesis.
needed. During respiration process, animal (d)
releases carbon dioxide gases which is used
for photosynthesis processby plants. Variable Method to handle the
Plants in tropical rainforest provide raw variable
materials for medicine such as treatment of Manipulated variable: Manipulates the variable by
cancer andAIDS. Light intensity using different distance between
At the same time, photosynthesis process light source and, Hydrilla sp.
produces oxygen gases which is used by Light intensity
animal during respiration process.
This ecosystem has to be maintained to Respondingvariable: Observesthe responding variable
ensure the snail has space/habitat to live. Tbtal number of by counting the total number of
Otherwise the snail will loss their habitat bubbles released in 5 bubbles released in 5 minutes in
causing extinction of snail population. minutes. the boiling tube.
This ecosystem provide habitat for butterfly
to ensure the population of butterfly
maintained. Constant variable: Sets the constant variables by
Timber, rubber and organic oils play The concentration maintaining the volume and
important role in the country's economies. ofsodium hydrogen the concentration of sodium
Nitrogen cycle, pollination and regulation of carbonate solution/ hydrogen carbonated solution,
atmosphere temperature are provided due to the concentration the duration of exposure to light
the diversity in plants and animals. ofdissolved carbon source.
dioxide, duration
Paper 3 ofexposure to light
r (a) Material Apparatus source.

2% sodiumhydrogen B o i l i n g tu b e ,6 W b u l b ,
(e) The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate
carbonate solution, retort stand, ruler, paper
ofphotosynthesis.
Hyd,rilla sp. clip
(t
(f)

Distance Total number

o) Distance between lbtal number of
between light ofbubbles
light source and bubbles released in Light intensity
sourceand released in 5
Hyd.rilld ep. 5 minutes
Hydrilla sp. minutes
60c m 10
* 60cm 0.017 10
*
50cfi t2* 50cm 0.020 72
qt. i1 {j I 40cm 0.025 L5
&.BS l ,1, :1* 0.033 20
s 'r. r Sbcn '
' : i, . , Zd*
30cm

t i' ;ail
* ",r, '.ou
, ,ot *l;'

a f, *; !,. 1'f
 Technique used:
Measure the different heights of coloured liquid in the
manometers with a ruler.

Method:
1. 5 boiling tribes are labelledA, B, C, D and E.
2. 15 ms of yeast suspension is poured in tube each
boiling tubes.
3. 5 apparatus as shownindiagrambelowis setup.

Rubber stopper
Rubber
tubing
Glass-
tube

Boiling
tube Initial height
containing of liquid
yeast
suspension 'coloured liquid

4. The boiling tubes are placed into water bath with

temperatures set as follows.
(g) The higher the light intensity, the higher.the total Boiling tubeA: 10"C.
number of bubbles released. Boiling tube Bt,20"C
(h) When the number of'Hydrilla sp. sprig is increased, Boilingtube C: 37"C
the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes Bciiling tube D: 50"C
becomes higher/twice because the higher the Boiling tube E: 70"C
the rate of 5. The stopwatchis activated.
- number of Hydrilla sp. sprig, the higher
photosynthesis. 6. The height of coloured liquid in the manometer is
(t The rate of photosynthesis increases with the measured after 10 minutes.
increase of the light intensitY. 7. Ttre dataobtainedarerecordedinatable.

Problem statement: Data:

How does temperature affect the rate of anaerobic Height of coloured
respiration in yeast? Boiling Temperature
liquid inthe
water ('c) manometer(cm)
Aim of investigation:
Tb investigate the effect of tbmperature on the rate of A 10
anaerobic respiration in yeast. B 20
C 37
Hypothesis: D 50
The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is optimal at E 70
a temperature of 37'C,
* Conclusion:
Variables: ' The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is
Manipulated: Temperature optimal at a temperature of 37oC. The hypothesis
Responding: Height of coloured liquid in 15" is accepted.
manometer.
Constant: Volume of yeast suspension, pH,
light intensity and time taken.

List of apparatus and materials: '

Boiling tubes, glass tubes, clips, rubber stoppers, rubber
tubings, retort stands, manometer tubes, strings,
HAKHTILIK
measuring cylinders, stopwatches, thermometers, ruler,
yeast, suspension (4g of yeast in 100 cms of glucose MAKM,AL SATNS
solution), and coloured liquid