DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF JOS, JOS ARC 364: CLIMATE AND DESIGN COURSE OUTLINE

FOR 2011-2012 SESSION Course Description This course focuses on the application of building climatology in architectural design in Nigeria. It is a continuation of the 200-level course Building Climatology. While Building Climatology covered mainly climatic data, thermal comfort, design of sun-shading devices; and an introduction to ventilation and the Mahoney tables, this course covers slightly more advanced concepts. The topics covered are thermal design, ventilation (air flow through and around buildings and prediction of ventilation), climatic site analysis, practical use of the Mahoney tables, recommendations for architectural design in the climatic design zones of Nigeria, control of tropical microclimates through landscape design, design of solar buildings, sustainable architecture, green architecture and green building rating systems. Each topic is covered within a two-hour lecture, but two smaller topics may be combined to form one lesson. Emphasis is on placed on the achievement of environmental control through the building fabric and design; and the design, construction, occupation and maintenance of buildings premised on processes and technologies that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout the building's life-cycle. Course Prerequisites: ARC 261: Building Climatology. Level/semester in which course is offered: Level 300, first semester. Number of Credit Units: 2. Detailed Course Outline 1. Thermal Design: Thermal quantities, thermal properties of building materials and elements, heat flow through buildings, periodic heat flow, required thermal performance for building elements and condensation. Case studies of heat flow through typical walls, roofs, doors and windows used in Nigeria. 2. Ventilation - Air Flow through Buildings: Basic concepts in ventilation, air flow through buildings, factors affecting air flow through buildings. Case studies of buildings with good and poor ventilation. Ventilation - Air Flow around Buildings: Air flow around buildings, wind pressure and suction, effect of other buildings, the wind shadow effect. Case studies showing projects where ventilation is controlled by manipulating air flow around buildings. Ventilation Prediction of Ventilation: Prediction of ventilation by mathematical formulae, pressure due to wind flow, air flow through openings,
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rate of heat loss or gain, prediction of air flow with the aid of models, ventilation standards. Case studies showing prediction of ventilation for specific buildings. 5. Climatic Site Analysis: Site analysis, the site climate, the form of dwellings. Case studies demonstrating climatic site analysis for specific projects in Nigeria. Practical Use of the Mahoney Tables: Use of the Mahoney tables to determine architectural design recommendations for selected cities in Nigeria using current climatic data. Design in the Zones: Climatic zones for architectural design, general design guidelines, design in the various climatic design zones in Nigeria: coastal zone, forest zone, transitional zone, highland zone, savannah zone and semi-desert zone. Case studies of selected buildings demonstrating level of compliance with the climatic design guidelines. Control of Tropical Microclimates through Landscape Design: Concepts in microclimate control, objectives of microclimate control through landscaping, landscape elements for microclimate control, the design process, landscaping climatic data analysis, problems of microclimate control through landscaping. Case studies of projects in Nigeria and abroad demonstrating microclimate control through landscaping. Solar Design: Basic concepts of solar design, conversion of solar energy, solar collectors, uses of solar energy, solar heating systems, solar cooling systems, design of solar buildings. Case studies of selected buildings in Nigeria and abroad showing application of passive and active solar design principles. Sustainable Architecture: Sustainable development, environmental, economic and social sustainability, sustainable design process and assessment, green code for architecture, environmental architecture, ecological building, green building, sustainable building, sustainable architectural and urban design, energy efficiency, water conservation, green features of building materials, waste management, environmental benefits of green buildings. Green Building Rating Systems: Green building rating tools. Green building rating systems. Need for green building rating systems.

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Assessments and Examinations Attendance: Assignment 1: Assignment 2: Examination: 20% 20% (Term paper) 20% (Field work) 40%

Attendance is taken at each lecture and students that fail to meet the minimum attendance requirements will not be allowed to write the examination. Only
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registered students are allowed to attend lectures. Students will be grouped for the assignments. The term paper will be about a specific area related directly to the course. The field work will involve documentation and analysis of selected buildings or projects. Recommended Reading 1. Adedeji, Y. M. D., Aluko, O. O. and Ogunsote, O. O. (2010). Sustainable Landscaping and Green Housing in Tropical Climates: A Case Study of Akure, Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Man, Technological

Advancement and Sustainable Environment held at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, 25 -27 October 2010. Akure, School of Environmental
Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure. 2. 3. Allen, E. & Swoboda, D. (2005). How Buildings Work: The Natural Order of Architecture. Oxford University Press, USA. Commission of the European Communities (1981). Passive Solar Architecture in Europe. The results of the First European Solar Competition 1980. Ed. Lebens R. M. The Architectural Press Ltd, London. Evans, M. (1980). Housing, Climate and Comfort. The Architectural Press, London. Fitch, J. M. (1971). American Building: The Environmental Forces that Shape It. New York. Givoni, B. (1976). Man, Climate and Architecture. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, London. Koenigsberger, O. H., Ingersoll, T. G., Mayhew, A. & Szokolay, S. V. (1974). Manual of Tropical Housing and Building. Part I, Climatic Design. Longman, London. Markus, T. A. & Morris, E. N. (1980). Buildings, Climate and Energy. Pitman International, London. Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011). Design for Sustainability Lecture Notes: Energy in Buildings. Available from: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-964design-for-sustainability-fall-2006/lecture-notes/lect7.pdf. Also available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/MIT OCW CEE 1-964 - Design for Sustainability - Energy in Buildings.pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011). Design for Sustainability Lecture Notes: Sustainability and the Building Industry. Available from: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmentalengineering/1-964-design-for-sustainability-fall-2006/lecturenotes/lect3.pdf. Also available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/
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Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/MIT OCW CEE 1-964 Design for Sustainability - Sustainability and the Building Industry.pdf 11. Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare (2011). Fundamentals of Energy in Buildings: Heat Transfer Introduction. Available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/MIT OCW MIT 4-42J - Fundamentals of Energy in Buildings Heat Transfer Introduction.pdf. Ogunsote, O. O. & Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2004). Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Sustainable Design through Landscaping and Renewable Technologies. In: Ibitoye, O. A. (Ed). Scientific and Environmental Issues in Population, Environment and Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Department of Geography and Planning Science, University of Ado Ekiti, Ado Ekiti. Pp. 127139. Also available from: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC364/Lecture Notes 2011-2012/Reducing Urban Heat Islands.pdf. Ogunsote, O. O. (1993). Introduction to building climatology: A basic course for architecture students. Ahmadu Bello University Press, Zaria. Ogunsote, O. O. and Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2002). Defining Climatic Zones for Architectural Design in Nigeria: A Systematic Delineation. Journal of Environmental Technology, 1:2, 1-14. School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Ogunsote, O. O., Adedeji, Y. M. D. & Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2011). Combating Environmental Degradation through Sustainable Landscaping in Emerging Mega Cities: A Case Study of Lagos, Nigeria. Proceedings of the International Union

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of Architects (UIA) XXIV World Congress of Architecture, September 25 October 1, 2011, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ogunsote, O. O., Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. & Ugwummadu, V. E. (2010). The Role of Architecture in Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: Lessons from the 2010 Convention of the American Institute of Architects.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Man, Technological Advancement and Sustainable Environment held at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, 25 -27 October 2010. Akure, School of Environmental
Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure. 17.

Prucnal-Ogunsote, B., Ogunsote, O. O., Ude, O. A. & Ogunsote, B. V. (2011). Towards the Establishment of a Green Building Council and the Development of a Green Building Rating System for Nigeria. Proceedings of the 2011 Architects Colloquium, June 28 30, Musa Yaradua Centre, Abuja. Organized by the Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON). SB05Tokyo Student Session (2005). Sustainable Building Design Book. Available from: http://www.uop.edu.jo/download/research/members/ [Architecture_Ebook]_Sustainable_Building_Design_Book.pdf.
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Szokolay, S. V. (2008). Introduction to Architectural Science: The Basis of Sustainable Design. 2nd Edition. Elsevier/Architectural Press, London.

20. United Nations (1971). Design of Low Cost Housing and Community Facilities, Volume I, Climate and House Design. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York. 21. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements HABITAT (1984). Energy

Conservation in the Construction and Maintenance of Buildings. Volume One: Use of Solar Energy and Solar Cooling in the Design of Buildings in Developing Countries. UNCHS-HABITAT. Nairobi, Kenya.

Lecture Notes For all lecture notes, case studies and course outline see: http://www.sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/UJ-ARC-364 Lecturer Contacts: Prof. Olu Ola Ogunsote. Tel. 08034735611, 08050864870, 08059925671, 08062440764. Email: profogunsote@gmail.com, profogunsote@yahoo.com. Arc (Mrs) Elizabeth T. Dassah. Tel. 07066023542. Email: lizdassah@yahoo.com. Arc. Peter Okwoli. Tel. 08037031401. Email: fjpeterokwoli@gmail.com.