The Craftsman - 1904 - 05 - May

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THE CRAFTSMAN
Contents for May 1~4
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A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS BY EMINENT AUTHORITIES ON VARIOUS BRANCHES OF MODERN ART

ILLUSTKATED
Part I Part II Part III Part IV Part V Part VI Part VII Part VIII
BY FORTY-EIGHT FULL PAGE PLATES AND OTHEKWISE

Aspect Aspect of Wood Engraving Lithography of Artistic
IN COLOUR
By CHARLES HIATT By JUSEIJH PENNELI. By PERCY BA.~E
The Modern The Modern
The Future Development of Oil-Painting The Development and Practice of English Water Colour Etching and Dry Point Pastels The Art and Practice of Monotyping The Pencil and Pen as Instruments in Colour of Art
By WALTER
SHAW
SIAKRO\V SINGER
By DR. HANS W.
By A. L. BALINY By AI.FRED EAST, A. R. A. By

CHARLES
IIOI.BIE
OPINIONS
OF THE
CRITICS
Tbe reproductions are extraordinarily good. They are throughout adequate, The New York Tribune. gi&tgperfectly the simpler textures of the early men and the far more brilliant qualities of work like that OJ Indeed, the reproduction of tbe latters Jaguar and Macaw is one of the best plates of the sort Mr. Swan. The publishers have set out to secure something like far-similes of the work selected fbr we ha,ve ever seen. It is a handsome publication and the illustration, and they have been remarkably successful in their aim. The collection as a whole promises to be of considerable value. price IS a modest one. Purchasers of this interesting work obtain not only a choice colfertion of picThe T(euiew of l(ewiews. tures, but also an important essay in each part on some phase of modern art, qritten by an acknow~led~~ed authority.
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LIST OF ART BOOKS TO :: ::
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Publisher,
Kindly
67 Fifth
mention The Craftsman
Avenue,
NEW
YORK
THE
ruins of
CRAFTSMAN
1 9 0 4 x0. 2 rat+ then it nlllst follow that the
JVilv
F _vou Iland a I
piece of pottery some pre-historic skilled anthropologist the degree of civilization tile race of men who made it. In a corresponding lhc parks of Europe :tre not uell distrihutcd, In this country, Ilcsritage from ~qlwf, Field.
lmd
to
correct this evil is to add more living litcd as to cities. lhcn drainage we may provided) safely say (water
illvigoratc
room
from the
to our cities 1)~ ntcilns of parks so distrib all human beings nllo, from the neccssitics of life, must dwell in the and
race to a by
he will tell you atta&d
way, the parks of any
that the health rate of to the completeness
cr,iven city will denlon.$tratc tllc degree of n ;Aancement attained 1)~ that municipalitg. are-the heritage of and the people from the monarchical sytem all the requirements of modern city lift. they are frrqucntlg
iI
a city is in proportion of the park system.
This being allowed as a truism, it naturally follows tllat tile dcsirabilitg

of aS a l>lilCC
nor do they meet the
re~itlcnw of a~iy city is dcpcndent on the of its parks. of the Parks, of course, arc an adjunct
Cll:llXCt(r
the dead, like Washington Was originally parks, like Potters Square, as Gramof private
rwidence portion of a city : they are for the recreation of its citizens. If it be desired which so as a to reserve a certain section of a city for residcnce purposes, tliorouglily 1NWk. 111~growtll
iLCClY?tiOn ; crery
which owners
or else the appropriation w:~s originally reserved
Union
there is nothing
whicll
dominates
the situation
Illercy park still is. lhc creating of new parks for the people is the
deWl0plrlcnt
of a business section is hy
1icK
of the present
ilgSe;
tllc of
member of the fraterhimself as near
o~ltcomc of an intelligent S:LJ-that the growth fairlr begun. of
understanding
nity of business
<!StihliSllCS
the needs of urban life, and we may safely this idea is onIF
to the center as possible ; the next one crowds close to him, and so on. This growth goes on until it reaches a at, least. York, of until houses, it came Union and park, then it turns, goes around, or jumps over it,--tcllipor:trilv, IIT) Take, for illstanw, the march of business
~llY~iltl\~il~. 9 ew
TVhctlitr or not we arc proud of our ancestors who livrd in trees, tliis ~nucli is certain, that the chief delight of in sylvan glades. of our ills of life, last heen prowl antidote mitting more necessary to his being.
lllim
is found
If he is city hrcd, this is Iakc ,just om consumption : it has at :I&
against Square. into
the
dcfendcr Street
11~ marclwrs swerved and turned temporarily,
hevond controversy that its
Fourteenth
is fresh nir and forest life.
tlicn up Sixth i~rcw~~c. Whrn tlwy the rush hwnme more pressing, Square by
11.5
then, as we must, that the closer we the death
~nac(shuman beings, the grrater
rcturncd
and took Inion
116
PARKS
assault and simultaneously moved up BroadWLJ- and Fifth dgain Avenue, until they encountered the intrcnrhmeuts of Madison Square. they wavered and turned west into Street. Square, Broadway
onw-nrd This, Iwvcvcr, is trenching
on the subject But of
of city plan, which is not my theme. tect a neighborhood bu5incss iiitcrests. IIaving
%LllS. I hve Ad in 111~ introduction is in proportion that to the
I think that 1 have shown how parks profrom the inroads
Twenty-third
llllt at Madison
only
seen what parks do for a city, let
skirt5 the park, and tllc

was not much checked
proglws
11sturn to inquire what they do for the cititile

conl-
; yet the north side of

dom-
~li~dii;;Oll Sq~:arc is still a residence section.
Washington crossing prcwving
Square has similarly preventing
Ilcnltll
of :I city
IliltCtl its neighborhood,
business
pletcness of its park system. Before

axioiii that
it from the downtown district, and lower Fifth Avcnuc and its ncigh-
going
farther,
let us admit as an the reproduction of
alI human, as well as other ani-
boring streets as a st,:ridand respcctablc rwidcntial section. In like manner, Boston Common and the Public Gardens have kept the business of that Tremont and near Winter, are as tllat city SO imprisoned
Wi\sllington
nlatc, effort is toward the spceics, directly
or indirectly.
Some may argue themselves into the bclicf tllat they lirc for pleiksUre, or fame, or art, or science, but that is only a means, and the end of all effort is the propagation rearing begun of children. to provide for the most important and
Streets, ago. around
much t,hc business center as they were two generations has crept Very cautiously business the
Street
Sow this being so, then we have only just function of city life.
Common
lins carried
through
off tlie
Boylston street, as far as the Public Library, while ~Vilsllirlgton

111cnt. A siriall city has grown up in Central New
I:rom the childs point of view, the city is the worst possible place in which to begin an esistencc, generation, any better. value of and the city fathers, until this hare done very little to make it So much is now realized of the small parks that recently some down a whole
main flow of the stream of business dcwlop-
York
beside a railroad,
which, on entering The orig-
the town, crosses a. wide river. and very near it. parallel
inal business street was parallel to the river At right angles to it and was laid out a fine busiStreet. with the railway
have been created by tearing block of buildings million dollars.
in some of our cities at a
cost of from five hundred thousand to one Think of it, not as a waste of money, but what a sacrifice for foresight, Truly, the ncrt for lack of knowledge or when it might have been attained I,csprrience do we learn, and
broad street, intended as the principal ness thoroughfare, But the projectors pose by throwing Business and named Ifain a somewhat
thwarted it for that purestensivc it by two
p:lrk a.cross the street, flanking

cllurclles.
at a nolnintll cost, Ilad it been done in time ! generation will know that every a scientific and
117
nex-rr has and never
can enter it, and it has found other means of growth in that direction, at considerable inwnwnicncc to all citizens of the town.
town, no matter how small, should provide its growth by having
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Houlogne-SW-Mer: New park near old fortifleations
artistic plan according to which to develop; wherein the parks and parkways are laid out. Landscape gardeners forrnerly regarded a park as created almost entirely to please the aesthetic sense, by being kept pretty to look at. The only one way to attain that result was to keep the children off the grass. NOW if we stand by our axiom, we must allow that to rear healthy children is more desirable than to have luxuriant flowers, or shrubs, or trees. for the purpose healthy children.
118
will be
very action do they demonstrate the need of more parks. As an example of what children need, let us turn to Steward Park in New York, of which the first+cost was more than a half million dollars. An eminent architect was called to design it. Did he ask what the No! not at all. park was to be used for?
provided for, at the same time that streets
He took for his model a pretty little park of Paris, made for the ladies of a degenerate French Court to walk in. He dug a great square hole in the middle of it, at the bottom of which he had a rectangular sheet of water, supposed to be clear and limpid, but usually muddy; at the end of it was an architectural screen which shut off nothing and which supports nothing. A
grass, or
Our parks are first, last, and all the time of helping us to rear
If they tread out all the grass, by that
PARKS
very plX?t~y iLrtidtiC CfCCt, VCry
1llUCh adthcdc A great Aside
to bc considered is the accessibility places for

rn~wle and
of those
iklirctl by the few SIICCCJ~, they say. tlren? from ilit What the pleasure
wllo know about
moral growth.
tliings, that have chanced to see it. did they do with it i of
It becomes evident that no child should nccti t 0 walk more than five minutes from his home to find a playground. entirely 1iUnianity. It imposes too Car-fares are much on the duties, and more than five with larger out of the question for the mass of
I3iit how abont tllc chilocc:~sion:~11y falling
tllc water, their only source of amusedown tlic slope leading bare of one .iinall
:\s :I Cllil-
ni(llit was in sliding .glilJ~.

(Iwiis
mot Ilcrs to look after the family leave thf family minutes away. The conlicction of ones by parkways portant, that &!llS. from the through wherever whole are
5111illl parks
to it, until t.llcy wore the grolmd I1ftcr lorig persuasion,

hell hCt aside
playground
csntlof this
I)iLlvli has
plavground,
provided
with
swing3 they
or boulevards is most imit may be attained ; so city the becomes rCvivif!ing purit? accessible lungs
and otlier similar appliances.
Tlicrc,
allow no grass to grolv Under their feet, bless their litt,le hearts ! and, perhaps,
tlllls g:LtlLfY IllilXiIll
they n-ill
to
them to the big lawns and sylvan Tliesc arc forced
energy
cnougl1 to
llold
tllis
old
all their lives.
From the time a his waking hours. as to
which htrcatiis of
child is born until lit is grown, his bodv is in constant motion during It is iLS neccsasry to his development lia\.c air to breathe. of muscles. ll~ there. streets are not sUitable playgrounds, As children must play, the only posis to defy the law and a child learns is The moral effect of this is and, moreover, it is against the law to play sihilit,y of enjoyment the policeman. He is perpetually
along the citys arteries. Extending the connection a little farther, none too Park, Stony we arrive at the suburban parks, the importance of which is being realized, soon. When we learn that twenty thousand WC realize Palisade a little Park what the and
i ry-
ing to WC what hc can do with his multitude
persons go in one day to Uluc Hill near Boston, newly created
Point I1attleficld Iark will be to New York in the near futUrc. One-third of our population lives in the cities and big towns. suficirncy children ing The children of oneThen, we have per cent,. of our with Gods growdevelopment,
very had, as the first thing his worst enemy.

One llccdless
front its older associates is that the cop CaUse of antagonism of criminals than
half of this number, x-c may assUme, have a of playgrounds. as a result, aboiit fifteen
It is my opinion that this is more other any
productive single
insl.~fficic~ntl~supplied in physical
clement.
_ needless, for if we 1 siiv
air and sunshine, and, in consqience, up deficient mental and moral tone. forth the united effort
had a sufficiency of plaggro~.?nds for al1 the children, So, not develop this influence would be reversed. only arc parks needed to insure their morals. the only other thing
Is not this a menace of all citizens, not an
to the States of sufficient iiliportance to call only those who dwell in the cities, but also those ~-ho know the city only through ocrasional visit.
119
healthy bodies for our children, but also to and strengthen Admitting, then, the great importance of
childrens playgrounds,
PARKS
tile growing portnnce Scttiiig a~ absolutcl~ iug tllclll, geiieral
st:ltlons
children.
To dwell on tlic inlight iLlId air for
farther
and plead tllxt wc must llavc first a city, bcforc WC can esor any influence or arcrage of citizenship? of a city
of tllc additional
Cohn :und well-aired pcct any higher lhcs part rags ,h
tIlcm seems sccwcel~ 11cccss:~r~ iii this place. aside the clmrclws rcquiriiig let us consider ;wd hospitals open space surrouii~lfor :L 111011l(~llttllc
lXil\V:ly Iliih c:l1;Lr;wtc~ri3tic
not tlic condition
of it, IMVC the sumc subtile up011 the wearer of them? wc not as mucli morally S
hC:UlSC
upon its iiill:rbitants,
:LS do good clothes
iiiaccessibility
of this couiltrv.
of tllc lily@
bound to 2~11
ix so gcl~cral
:Lh to Yuggcht SolllC legiAtiol1,

tll? Opc11 tlio city tlic cwiipcr:~tion of
idcid :15 8. coumiunity, itlwl as individuals

tllc body
as we arc to a similtir
WC 10VC
pcrII;lpS
;Llltliorities iL.3 a
of il ~!llillYlCtC~ t0 provitlc
and tlw railways. Of
hp:tccs through
\VC W(ill goO(l gariiicih, which tlic_v clotlie. to supply l~ousc and llie our tiful
oiir
At all CrcwtS, soitictliing in l~~uropc
\\c build 21bcaudaily physical, how mucli and of of If this bc true of
mLtter
public
utiIitJ
hihe
own
slioultl Iw imposed as obligatory. 1 Iow tllcw sut),jwts

iiig illu5trutioiis.
i~wntal and moral wants.
are treated
dooryird,
1lliL> k)C t)Cht UlldC~StOO~~ l)J tllc :LCCOlll))iL11~-
mow true is it, of tlw city of which they nw;v form :L part 5 home is the center and the city rlnits. 11~ morals is but tlw
Illr
tlcsirability
of
Riverside bciicfits,
lnrk, 011 unit of civilization,

is 50 well cost of that of these aggregate
il community
iwcoulit of its water-front

:tI)preciatcd tlics rccwxtion conditions ;@. hilliiliw artificial trcntmcnts
of many
now, and the csccssirc pier is the outgrowtli
arc IlOt high

tllilll
tllRl1 tllC aVC1tile awrqc
is so grwt,
;LgC Of the :LgSgrCgilte
units ; So the bcnllty
a city is not greater scrcral yrta.
of its what Civic
and ciinnot
bc too mucl~ cwour;Lnd I believe that wvhcrc
In its ho:&st
scnw,
Ihc d 011t)1c - cl cc k111g of the ad,jaccnt of tile kind WOUND bC :L of river fronts, subjects arc needed for commerce. to the tender and pnrk\v;iy drcssrd in and to aldermanic side ! :I man mien.
is ii benefit to one is ;L liclp to all, and what is a tlet,rimcnt to one is :I menace to all. pride, then, is tht comnlunitg txotlwrhood intrinsic,
to others,
I:~lld 11:~ I)CCI~suggcstcd, l~i~I~~:l~~~ ~:u&Y~s

vcrv
virtue which is born of a and it is something
priwtical
fcnturc
of interest, of man.
only low buildings Leaving nicrcicn IIOW the of our
more than the mere :~ckno~~lccl~~lielit of the A whole chapter that is rZsllbject closing Park Rogers might 1x2 written on tlw but
citizen5 artistic oursclves and
c:wc, let us look at our parks from tlic purely Picture rags, His aalk men well to unkempt,
or inrcstment
wlue
of parks,
by itself
which I u-ill 1CilVC from tlw of the Mr.
with it quotation of tllC President Art and
with sorrowing Contrast How like
IiLSt i~llllU~~1 address
and whole bearing dressed !
are apologetic with him a a king he bcgo Would
Out-door (linton
Associntion, may
and lack self-respect. walks ; all things twxn dirty
Woodruff: be harmous and and fl.:11s to look about

rlC~&
lht~t
nious, tlvc
our dcrelopmciit
are possible to him.
it behoows policy.
it not bc fair to make this same contrast, :I n-cll-parked and lacking parks? Alay I not
tnkc co~111se1 ilS to immcdiatc One essential
and clean c&F, and one
that
confronts
iis iLt tllc wry- outset is the need for a full
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Nfirnberg: Sunken garden: nortion of the park at the old ~a11
realization upbuilding
of the immensely communities of the national of the world.
important character
part in the and
political
science,
in architecture,
in the va-
which urban
must play
rious arts and sciences, but what one offers courses in city-making This is eternally plication appropriately citizen thinketh of our city, or in citizen-making? ,As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he. true, and has a special apWe might it and say as a to our present theme. paraphrase
the development
It seems trite teaches from and our
to make such a point ; but experience average acting of intelligent upon man,
that, no matter how trite it may be to the we are far of its truth determining a realization They are
in his heart, so will he act. to make an artistic whole concerned in its inclinations. We canis sordid
importance. influence. destinies. country important
Cities have become the centers As they rise or fall, so will our
We cannot espect
unless those a public-spirited
welfare have artistic not expect of affairs
rise or fall; fact,
and yet, notwithstandand portentously to make we and In our univerinstitutions in social
administration
ing this fact,
this gravely
where the constituency
what are we doing
and self-centered. A beautiful fully imposed character city can no more be successf rom without, than upon a good an indi-
the city a worthy influence? sities and other educational have courses
122
in engineering,
can be so imposed
PARKS
vidual. A beautiful city and a beautiful vidual efforts to make the world a better place to live in. They must ever stand ready to cooperate with others to the same end. nearly two centuries ago: Character must
public life must be the manifestation of the right spirit within. Therefore, it is primarily incumbent upon all who may be interested to strive first for a cultivation of the popular taste in the matter of art and artistic development. I cannot unreservedly subscribe to the sentiment : To make us love our city, we I, for one, bemust make our city lovely. lieve that we shall make our city lovely, because we love it. Adornment, adulation, care and attention are preceded by and are the outcome of love, although it must be admitted that much of the forward movement in civilization is due to the reciprocal action As we grow in of the progressive forces. knowledge and grace, we reflect it in our public life ; as our public life advances, it is reflected in higher personal standards. Lovers of improvement must utilize every opportunity to advance the cause. They must strive through their own indi-
They must realize as Lord Chesterfield wrote, be kept bright as well as clean. Sidney Webb in his famous London programme said: The greatest need of the metropolis, it may be suggested, is the growth among its citizens of a greater sense of common life. That municipal patriotism which once marked the free cities of Italy, and which is already to be found in our own provincial towns, can, perhaps, best be developed in London by a steady expansion of the sphere of civic, as compared with individual action. We, too, may say that what we need most of all in America, if we are to achieve our ideals and realize our destiny, is a greater sense of common life. All that has been The mentioned herein has had this view.
days of the isolated and solitary life are
Dresden: Ascent to the Rrfihlschen Terrace
THE
over. good We are living This, and greatest more
CRAFTSMAN
Prussia, the a Along the Sieges-Allee of symbolizes rather power.
in the era of cooperato be of the highest
tive activity.
development
constitutional
value, must make for America. What
the course of this avenue rise thirtyand worthy with the century), who, beginning
sense of common life. A greater beautiful aim or ideal can anyone have? It we us is
two statues of the most famous rulers of the country; Alargrave and ending in 1870, The Otto the Bear (twelfth with the king was created emperor. statues are placed
fills our hearts and minds with high resolves and noble ambitions are now witnessing making A mightily fulfillment. more beautiful America. How can this that be attained end we also give opportunity human neglect bettering the result. more efficiently urban humanity than by a a better balanced which or the by Only and the awakening everywhere about
of Prussia,
on either side of each ruler apof his fafrom the Thus the the best
for its early and complete
the Avenue: pearing important private Sieges-Allee
all being treated in the manner by herma-busts was defrayed as, perhaps,
of the one here illustrated: flanked mous contemporaries. enterprise stands purse
The expense of this
perfect, park system?
and in attaining
of the Emperor. of a judicious
for a more perfectly
development of our
: an opportunity
the oversight of men.
modern example
expenditure
is now denied it through leaders conditions
of royal revenue for the benefit of a people. Another magazine Garden, pellier, illustration, literature, rarely found in
can we hope to attain
is that of the Peyrou town of MontThe Peyrou is a level,
in the old university southern France.
EDITORS
NOTE. illustrations accompanying article Mr.
ma.gnificcnt planted
expanse of lawn, perfectly
T
A
with trees, surrounded ornamented
with balus-
HE
trades, and raised four metres above another promenade with a covered walk, A flight of steps is entered which is connected with it. leads to the upper through a grill. site the grilled water faced umns. fountain tower, rotunda,
Bush-Browns so unusual,
are so attmct-
ive in themselves,
and, in one or two
instances, of place. detail
that a word of commay not be here out Berlin, planned the from por-
lawn, which
ment and explanation from This
In the center rises an equesThe end oppois occupied upon an by a artificial rolcircua entrance, elevated
trian statue of Louis XIV. the Sieges-Allec, broad avenue, is especially
which serves as the frontispiece, interesting. glories by the present Emperor, of Prussia, the Kiinigsplatz SLule itself (Triumphal celebrates
mound and constructed
in the form of a sissculptured
to commemorate the eastern While
with finely
extends southward through
The interior of the structure, a vaulted ceiling, which from
lar and having
contains
tion of the Thiergarten.
the Siegestriumphs of
the water flows in a falls in cascades upon basin.
Column ) in the square the external
sheet, and afterward rocks which carry
it into an outside
104
THE
this organized follows : 1. greatly without II. III. The Improvement Association of
CRAFTSMAS
ncgro
effort upon the city of Day-
woman. of
Prizes were given to schools The beauoccasioned and fences, surroundings
ton has been summed up under five heads, as has
for the best kept school yards. tifying home the need of repairs to buildings and thus carpenters benefited. Lyman ought ness of Abbott tells us that
increased appreciable
the value
real estate of liv-
and house painters were the city
expense to anyone. the standard
It has improved
ing among of industry the cigarette IV.
the people of the district. and thrift, nothing habit. and unwholeand attractive, of the people. the city clean beautiful it has has who might otherwise more valuable than
to be treated as a unit. the majority which of American strikes
The uglicities is a foreigner. Its influence
It has started many boys in habits
the first thing but it is repellent upon education gree. them under Men to
have acquired
The ugliness is not only offensive to the eye, to the soul. is disastrous to the last deas they To condemn surroundings, smoke, is to
It has made unsightly the happiness which
some surroundings thus increasing V. streets Indirectly and government,
need beauty among blackened
precisely
need fresh air and clear skies. live ugly with skies
affected
maintained
well kept
pavements
to corre-
deaden their sensibility interest and dignity.
to the the beautiful For this reason, as
spond with the other surroundings.
and to rob their lives of one great element of the advance guard of a possible reformation about by the en-
I
and
N anticipation Democratic Kansas of
of
the meeting
of
the at
which can not be brought of a few capitalists, complished populace, Art interest hopes enriching League and
National offered Company of
Committee prizes also for
thusiasm of a few artists, or the cooperation but which must be acof the whole of the Municipal will have national This League money in with sums of by the enthusiasm the experiment of Chicago importance. large public
City in 1900, the leading the town The
ncwsthe
papers
best kept lawn. the Asphalt prizes : among under. A
Street Car Company offered the best years or a
which was one for sixteen store
lawn kept by children department for plants competition
to expend
instituted
the many
buildings
the best and most artistic upon a private lawn.
mural paintings;
to adorn open spaces and of good sculpture
bed of foliage
parks with abundance providing
; to
A prize for the neatest vacant lots and prizes for the neatest back yards were also among the list. There were in all forty-eight nmounting goods gaining to supply to more than away $2,000. firm gave valuable flower seeds, prizes, A dry thus in
urge upon elevated railroads in all details street fittings. not only of advertising
the necessity of signs and of
artistic stations ; to secure beauty This is a noble scheme, and carried out, it will Chicago, honor upon
if it can be successfully reflect high but will place Dr. Abbott it among further
advertising.
Farmers
the vicinity the neatest

126
stripped garden
their meadows, in order A prize for by an aged was won
the most beautiful unity of
t,he demand for sod.
cities of the country. states : The
THE
farther American than will ever be acceptable city. into a confusion eccentricities and unity
TOWN
in any
BEA.UTIFUL
E:speri,encc city council, also shows that the working should out of the plan competent control. apolis vances, Park
design which pervades Paris is there carried But, unless our cities are of architecmust be and irrcgular-
not be given
the election the grand Cleveland
to a of a
excepting
to degenerate tural oddities, ities, some secured. Under
manager,
who is given
complete Minnead-
As an csample, until Professor and
coherence
System made no creditable Superintendent will show
perfected Barry and that
the title of Village of Ames, Iowa,
Parks,
Pro-
detuiled plans,
planting. Eairmount
fessor Budd, lows : The for public
writes as folplatform, etc., with a
was given absolute control in irnproving Investigation park Park, at Philadelphia,
center should have its fine shade and a public picnics, celebrations,
trees (not in rows),
and every
other complete
system of the United in the same way ; manageus to
wagon road around it, not far from therborders of the square. the central planted. groups Well-kept Between this road and sod and well-pruned this space, shade trees, no trees should be
States, have been developed ment of city councils, Professor
while all parks, with the changing Purtherruore, Budd
have been failures. tells
of shrubs should occupy
plant our trees about our homes, at the side of the house, but not in front. groups needed. pruned ners. well-kept in this position Ihe front groups form The large a background
with the central be groups views, where
trees as a far background. to hide undesirable shrubs in groups, These in Euroin cities to leaf be desirable.
Outside this road, next to the streets, should of evergreens grass retreats and is most with
to the lawn and give shade where it is most lawn may have its wellof shrubs in angles and corwork
the view
small shady pean cities, In injury die avoided; Prior provement gardener able
arc common
It may also have flower beds ; but the grass must make the ground picture. the village,
much
and are now frfquent trees, those subject test winters,
east of the Lakes. planting our in summer or winter, those liable to should also, shrubs and trees of doubtful to any movement toward the im-
for the completed
If public sentiment can only be awakened to the need of beautifying can be done. not enforced There A. Wilcox Pages of ordinances (so which are I<.
during
will never help the good work. writes Prof. of of the University Iowa),
hardiness. of the site, a competent should be employed, only permit landscape If availout and this at each
are two forces can move
which
a man,
with no. aesthetic to beautifying law and the What would laws bequietly of two
to lay out in
sensibilities, the village : other should conic reading is
who is opposed One undertaker.
dct~ril, every part of the grounds. funds laying locating will be far only year.
is enforced
the
every road, lake, island, tree, shrub the first year, With a fine beginning.
American-born ours?
citizens think of their liberty An American consul,
and flower bed, during plans, all after-work less expense, of a part of
some of the old European
detailed
permit
can be accomplished the improvements
at an open window, with no thought he was told that

187
even when funds
of stores or fires, noted the approach officers of the police force:
THE
he, the representative was a foreign neys needed of the United etc. The law breaker; inspection,
CRAFTSMAN
States, proper have accomplished of their town. much in the beautifying The square or park in its by them, which action In St,. League, The plan
that his chimlaw was wished that
center was improved
men were called satisfied. the law of Again,
and the offended another American
awakened public sentiment to the extent that the streets have since been paved. concert with the Civic Improvement have greatly improved the city. has been to gather tees. spector, city thus Louis, certain of the society ladies, acting in
to set up a stove, and did so, but found the country because of the want of a permit. An American pillars found Americans and gutters, pean police cities.
had been broken,
lady burned a nest of catert,o We that these cities them.
women from every ward inand of a
on her trees, but was forced
in St. Louis and to form them into commitIn each ward there is a woman who, in case of the violation arrests city. Iowa, park, some years ago, the along the Frorn excursions shows, nearly Easter fifteen and some land lying from flower the offender, toward the maintenance ordinances, works of the
pay several marks for cremating who toss refuse find often Smile
into our streets
to our sorrow over
such acts are not allowed in the clean Euroas we do regulations, still the well-kept
clean, healthful In Nuscatine, ladies reclaimed on river boats, hundred dollars
of the Old World
appeal to us, and we wish Rut Ameri-
that our streets and alleys could be as clean and our parks as well kept as theirs. could the personal liberty loving can live and was strong regulations? haste. We We of the West have architecture, influence her.
river for a public sales, and private there expended. the entire cost. helped work. Teamsters
donations, Nor
under such police
in cash was realized
We think not. have built our cities in paid of little attention to
does this sum cover gave their
The Rock Island Railroad came with their teams and So also, did all classes of to their means. the harbor, The the and So of that, after the park was must be rip-rapped; of the park. town
fill the lots, and citizens
much less to any park system, the beneficent, restful ever exerts when we go to the needs of the from
in forgetfulness Nature And
gave much time. Government built, shore along found
citizens give, according in order
those knowing
to protect
people, and the great returns in better health which are secured bv rest and change support visible of a perfect dollars daily rounds of care and work, feel that the park system is a pecuntreasury, in that if not in which is iary return more lasting. be better; to the city
the park
which was done with white lime rock, thus added to tbe beauty a beautiful sixteen railroad in the heart of wishing
spot was created beside the river, a manufacturing inhabitants. to enter the city, t,housand Another the City Had no regret over those
and cents,
Such a system helps men to from their
it takes them away
Council gave it the park for a station. this been kept, for a station park, would have been felt, but to-day beautiful
greatest enemy, the saloon ; it unites families in their pleasure ; it is in every way uplifting and beneficial to the people. The ladies in the town of Fairfield,
128
flower beds, lawn and gravel walks,
Iowa,
iron rails arc laid : and the park is used as a
THE
switch yard. No remuneration
TOWN
for this
BEAUTIFUL
which is something need sunshine, that word. ings. more than a bed. We by with all which is implied
great loss was ever made to the city. At Winona, Minn ., along the river front, park, where thouthe river enjoy there exists a beautiful breeze. At Clinton,
Sor need we expend large sums our surroundBut such to us, or, if force impres-
of money in order to beautify to beautify money. home surroundings. enjoyment
sands, of a summer evening, hare parked their river front.
Some one will say that it does not pay of more value than
Iowa, also, the citizens But no maton parks, the public
beallty brings something It brings
tcr how much may be expended itnd to how great perfection system of beautifying ried, it is, after which bear the city apparent place
we are too sordid to derive any pleasure from it ourselves, it acts as an educative leaving pleasant upon our children, efface. language There
the city may be carof so
all, the home surroundings Never is the truth
witness to the improvement
sions upon their minds which time can never is not a word in the English to us so much joy There is such possiwhich conveys which
or village.
as in the ncglcct
of the home, that it as a
the inmates children,
in such a home regard
and sweetness as the word home. uo other place possesses bilities for good to mankind.
in which to eat, sleep and rear their and not a real home. For we all to cat, and a place
need nlorc than something
EUIIORS
5OTE. third illustration pages 1X-124 in Mr. Bushwhich
seen the long thickly along their heavy forget
tile of splendid the leafage
trees, planted waving
T
people. ligent
sea-boulevard, scene
HE
in the wind, can ever of the sunken garden effect obtained from of the
Browns occupies
article upon Parks,
the beautiful
of the presat
The illustration the Niirnbcrg advantage of beauty. employed ians formal The diversely instructive country tiful. of ing a picturesque
ent issue of The Craftsman, the new park, Boulogne-sur-Mer. have been regarded pleasure
shows a point in as an ex-
park is also valuable as show-
near the old fortifications, It is offered
taken of what would at first apThe sunken garden, as here de-
ample of the utilization and aesthetic The American and affectionate afforded
of what once would gratification traveler care of the
pear to be a serious obstacle lying in the way vised, is the development of a scheme often
as waste space for the in Europe to the
by the ancient Romans in the inner the Renascence in their private of
can not fail to observe everywhere the intelgiven trees, which repay by their shade and beauty the protection friends. country foliage them by their human the parkas the level In the case of Roulogne, noticeable, and yellow
courts of their houses, and later by the Italgardens. illustrations situated of these treatments lands can not but prove throughout our Bcnu-
system is especially
to many who, neither architects of the Town
soil throw all masses of into prominence
nor artist,s, are yet working in the interest
in the landscape
; so
that no one who, on a fine summer day, has
129
THE
CRAFTSMAN
adorn the person with jewels is in accordance the primitive with of instincts
the human race, as well as with the ideas of modern society. tirely
1lOW
And although new made of demands upon the
cnare some
branches shall doned. for refer
gold-
smiths art,-to branches
which we later,-other
are almost abanArtistic ear-rings, or fingerwe
instance, time. into such
rings, we seldom see at the present take further rations, When consideration decoas insignia
that public
for aldermen and mayors
A
try opening
130
MONG
technical
iudusart of place, used, arc To
tries, the goldsmiths

holds a prominent not only by reason
the value of the materials entirely new prospects
but also because in this art indusat the present day.
JEWELRY
passed the following ject: Above artistic from The all one must acknowledge distinct of the gold- and silversmiths factor, the subsidiary recognition as worthy beautiful of craft as an important and apart the metalin itself without of the task stone-setting. opinion upon the sub-
entirely
the art of and capable ornaments, of costly
worker, providing
adventitious vulgar yielding
attraction of
gems, is a
decided point gained. display before
Mere glitter and the affluence are gradually consideration has written : of
the higher M. Khnopff
beauty of form and color. In Belgium, produced etc.,

Swan
I am of the opinion
that the jewel can be M. van StryMorawe re-
without the aid of stones, enamels,
and with this judgment Germany, Ferdinand
pendant:
enamels,
pearls
and precious
stones
donck agrees. In marked :
chains are still made, not only in the traditional, but even in a reactionary, future style, we recognize a promising for the goldafter, tasks
smith who shall satisfy modern requirements. Just now the pendant to the industrial artist. is much sought and it affords one of the most profitable
This is true of the But before examining jew-
pendant proper, as well as of the pendant intended for the neck. examples elry. In former times, the only stipulations were that as many secondary made in ordering a set of jewelry present condition of work, let us cast a glance at the of the art of making
it should be of value and contain gems as possible ; the mounting and the goldsmiths details. was long the prevailing came with a realization these facts. In England, In all countries, work being taste.
of the stones
we see that such Improvement of

Diadem: enamels, dimwnds and brilliants
of the meaning Aymer
Valiance
THE
CRAFTSMAR
Necklace:
pearls,
diamonds
and translucent
enamc~l%
Designed
and executed
by Philippe
Wolfers
It is deplorable sess no imagination. Finally,
that our goldsmiths Georg
posin
adaptation
of material
to purpose,
in every
branch of technical industry, Brochner, artistic it is more of and more the artistic effects.
and such adapin obtaining craft, of the
in Denmark,
tation is one of the chief factors this adaptation tant, because and which motto.
a kindred mood, wrote : Inasmuch as in modern jewelry the design and conception, value and the proper
In the goldsmiths
is so much the more imporit is the very triumph be taken the theme of the artist, by him as his hold a
choice and handling stones used;
metal which forms might
the material which are the main things, not the number of precious excessive. Independently the craftsman-not determine the artistic ther advance necessity it be gold, time,
132
so
In this respect, the Japanese that it was impossible any object which for they in bronze,
the cost of such articles need be by no means of this opinion, the number that the of
unique position, recognized imagine wrought ancient
and even the ancient Chinese for them to had once as being As for the
design of the artist and the workmanship of gems-
instance,
presented in any other medium. sent Bacchus atic of
worth of a jewel, farthe by as far as possible
Greeks, when they wished to reprein a work of art, at their festal as emblemand the so far flood of wine,
was made in recognizing beauty of the material, is attached
of profiting
games, they chose the amethyst, the purple aquamarine
the natural great
whether to the
silver or bronze. importance
At the present
to represent their sea-gods.
We have no intention of proceeding
MODERN
JEWELRY
Plaque de oorsage: translucent enamels. diamonds, brilliants and pearls. as to
Designed and executed by Philippe Wolfers
admit that modern goldsmiths would
has produced a highly ingenious ornament, having for its subject a crab held in the coils of a serpent, and here again, the design has its source in the characteristics of the material. Another admirable subject for the goldsmiths art,-insects wings,-he has employed several times for womens jewelry, and in this use the German artist, Robert Koch, has imitated him. The Wolfers, Philippe reader will be interested to learn who is the son of a German goldbegan his studies in his fathers Upon his return, he something of the life of the artist, Philippe smith, and was born in Brussels in 1858. workshop, and later traveled through Germany and Austria. art. devoted himself entirely to the goldsmiths In the year 1895, he exhibited pubxeputation. In Germany, he
15s
be able adequately to fulfil this last condition ; but the discernment of the justice of the requirement, and the endeavor to fulfil it, are everywhere active.
WO artists are preeminent to-day in the goldsmiths craft : Philippe Wolfers in Belgium, and RenC Lalique in
France. Wolfers, especially, has succeeded in meeting almost perfectly, the two principal demands upon technical industry : that of working in the spirit of the material, and that of maintaining, at the same time, a close and intelligent observation of Nature. He is the only one among European goldsmiths to recognize that no model taken directly from Nature adapts itself to the requirements of a brooch so well as a beetle. He
licly for the first time, and at once gained a European
MODERN
goldsmiths art, we may refer to a pendant, artist, Erich made by the Dresden Rleinhempel, and a spray which represents an ivy leaf of berries. This ornament use of I Nature
JEWELRY
in the fine andin the industrial : in the latter, according to the principle that ornament, as Carlyle has said, is the first spiritual need of the barbarous man. Therefore, we see the commonest of domestic utensils formed of materials lying at the hand of the maker, and yet ornamented with a vigor, an individuality, oftentimes with a beauty, which becomes the historical standard of the
bears witness to a happy
study ; but its effect is not graceful enough On the whole, we for a womans ornament. may say that German goldsmiths can yet learn much from the two master jewelers, Wolfers and Lalique, and that English goldsmiths are in a fair way to overtake them.
A COMPARISON
OF CRITICS,
SUGOF
GESTED BY THE COMMENTS DR. PUDOR: IRENE SARGENT.
ACE-SENTIMENT-and
it
is
well so4s equally strong in the savage and in the highly civilized man. This sentiment failing, na-
tional progress would cease through lack of incentive, and competition would be restricted to individuals of the same people. In turn, this condition would prevent lack of unity among artists and inventors, who; if they be sincere, always think less of their own reputation than of adding to the victories gained by their nation in the conquest of intellectual power and of material beauty. Race-sentiment is therefore a permanent It is equally effective, according to circumstance, whether it be revealed in the use of the warclub, the tool, or yet the pen. The one essential governing it is that it can not fail as long as society shall endure and order shall dominate chaos. As must be evident to all, the race-sentiment reaches one of its strongest and most pleasing manifestations in the arts--equally necessity, a pre-requisite of progress.
Comb:
Designed and executed by Rend Lalique
horn,
silex. black enamel and obsidian.
people.
Among the objects so adorned, per-
sonal ornaments occupy a prominent place, figuring among the first possessions of the barbarous chieftain, and no less conspicuously among the multiple treasures of the modern sovereign ; since they satisfy permanent human desires and indicate the distinction of the wearer. Therefore, to devise such ornaments has been an honored occupation throughout his135
THE
smiths have long rulers.
CRAFTSMAN
merous experts which were recently collated and printed by the International Studio. Of these judgments certain fragments deserve to be quoted, as indicative of the confidence of the critics in the spirit and work of their respective nations. In perfect sincerity and with a large proportion brie1 Mourey thus writes : of truth to recommend his utterances, M. Ga-
torical times, and the names of famous goldsurvived their works to mingle with the memories of statesmen and In our own day, the new art, giving impulse toward Nature and simplicity in all things, has not failed to revivify a branch of production which commands an almost It has rejuvenated the universal interest.
work of each nation after its kind, causing
Comb: Mother-of-pearl and enamel, by B. J. Herrie
Comb: beaten silver with ivory prongs. by David Veasey
Comb: silver and transparent enamel, by Kate Allen
most pleasing and instructive expressions of race-sentiment, and effecting in certain centers of luxury and fashion a complete transformation of the jewelers craft. The movement which is acknowledged as universal by all critics, is yet claimed either to have begun, or to have developed most beneficially,
136
French superiority in the art of ,jewelry seems to be incontestable to-day. No unbiassed observer will deny the fact that with us there is more richness, more variety, more originality than can be found elsewhere. To an outsider the basis for this opinion will be sought in the work of Renk Lalique, whose technical attainments are regarded by many connoisseurs as superior to those of
among their chosen favorites, of nu-
as may be proven by the judgments
MODERN
any other goldsmith who has existed. Nor can any unprejudiced critic refuse to recognize the great creative faculties possessed by
JEWELRY
termined with too rash precision. later than ten years ago. Upon close examination, these statements appear surprising as coming from so high an authority ment. The jewelers upon the modern art moveadvance attained by British initiated by. tvoe The It began not more than fifteen or twenty, nor perhaps
was certainly
school of William Morris, when that body of enthusiasts renewed the artistic crafts. movement, communicated to Belgium, was accelerated in that focus of skilled labor and
Clasp in silver and enamels by Kate Fisher
the French master, who, through a stubborn medium, represents the subtile grace of Nature displayed in the minute forms of animal and vegetable life. To him the attributes of richness, variety and originality are applied with full justice. But as is inevitable in the case of masters, Lalique has generated a school of imitators, who striving after originality into vagaries, without attaining it, fall and bring discredit upon a beautiful style. There are also other French jewelers who, less original in their methods, less gifted than Lalique, are yet sufficiently talented to gain a world-wide reputation from their qualities as colorists, designers of linear forms and sculptors in miniature. Across the channel from France, Apmer Valiance, the biographer of William Morris, chronicles as follows the recent progress made by the goldsmiths of his nation : None but the most superficial observers can have failed to note the immense advance that has been attained in British jewelry ; though how, or at what precise point of time the improvement originated, may not be dePendants in gold. enamel and pearls, by Otto Prutseher 137
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Pendant:
gold and turquoise
Pendant:gold,
Christian
turquoise and moss-agates Ferdinand Morawe
wealth, and thence passed into the country of the more imaginative and artistically daring French. These influences, developed beyond superficial recognition, were reflected back to England, and have rapidly flowered in the work of British craftsmen, as must be recognized by all who will patiently study
their productions.
In his opinions before
quoted, Mr. Aymer Valiance would appear to have expressed himself without having sufficiently examined his subject matter. In the same group of critics a sincere Austrian acknowledges the debt of the jewelers of his country to the Parisian master, Lalique, who, as this writer truly says, seeks to throw into the background the intrinsic value of the precious stones with which he deals to the profit of their artistic setting. The critic continues that the germs of the modern French influence fell in Austria upon upon a soil of exceptional fertility, with the result that they have taken root and borne abundantly. He adds to this acknowledgsaying that those ment a stinging rebuke addressed to the jewelers of the New World; races who are the heirs of a strong art tradition do not need, as do others less fortunate, to prove the wealth of their inheritance
Coiffure: set with brilliants and opals: the touched with a slight patina. Designed executed by Philippe Wolfers 138
serpent and
by the use of lavish ornament; that such evidence their culture by expecting their art-
NODERN
JEWELRY
ists to exercise have still
their skill on materials their reputation;
less that
of
Nature With
in his search
for
the beautiful to that of the
costly than do those who, to a certain degree, to make Benvenuto Cellini had to content himself to desire every to be in love of handle
which is contained Austrian critic, ficial just of
in the obscure. equal a typical German
a frankness quoted, foreign
work in silver, while Americans umbrella-or-walking-stick gold. The truth regarding display widely edgment personal of
Ferdinand effect
Morawe,
admits the hencart of his
influence-Belgian of interest to know
and Austrian-upon our national country. proceeds is here crudely stated, but could it be known. and felt, that very acknowlin itself adornment might create in us the of and to possess objects wrought that the Belgian from whom M. Bing
the jewelers
It is further
influence here acknowledged the same M. van dcr Yeldc in his admirable history of of the as one
desire to produce the French materials
LArt
iVoUYeaU indicates
in the spirit of choice garden and
initiators
of the movement, and one to whom indebted. critics has already quoted,
139
master, whose democratic extends to horn
France herself is greatly From the Belgian of the group Dr. Pudor
and the Danish
pebbles, and who has traversed the infinitude
THE
in his article inost certain perhaps, salient Therefore, upon points Modern Jewelry,
CRAFTSMAN
the the limits of the fantastic. It bears the
established esamples
by .them. of the work freedom to the
mark of a strong and fertile creative genius. In contrast to this example the three sim-
it remains for us but to examine represented, which we shall,
characteristic
of each nation and justice
be able to do with greater of any European to begin
than if we were obedient
race-sentiment It is natural Berlin critics fers, holds,
people.
our examination who, in spite of the for Philippe The object Wolhere the first place adapted simple glance ;
with a design of Lalique, preference without
doubt,
among his contemporaries. illustrated is structural in outline enough to be included
; thoroughly
in a single
to its purpose ; in design
Belt-n~irror:
chased
silver
by Erick
Nagnnssen
ilar objects appear
wrought
by English
craftsmen, They seek-
as the attempts
of students.
are designs made with a slow, conscious ing of principle-not obedience of

Hand-mirror: silver. with handle Harald Slott-MB&r in ivory. by
with the involuntary the work lines are applicainterlaced ugly
to it which characterizes Their and somewhat
a master.
painstaking established degree, albook. English tain of To form ;
tions of the rules of mass, of solids and voids in the classroom the following and by the textexample, strictures, also of ceralthough
conventionalized though original

140
to
a proper without
clearly
based upon a natural
workmanship, the preceding
may be applied
and striking,
approaching
MODERN
tlris shows pleasing The work eye ing of piece,
in
JEWELRY
adores a the the to what astray. de corscrgc remaining viduality, tile times nature-poet material splendor and adheres while turning rigidly a deaf
timid its
but
refined of the
in
drawing,
treatment illustration, Austrian in too its
bird-form front of of the three which
he 11as learned, But
lllCdiiLC!Vd
quality.
car to the call of imagination, derived in the coiffure impresses here presented, his own master has and acknowledged the influence
lest it lead him and the purur~ dlilo indiof great Bruswcaltll. far reAl. to simple is not of racemetalof seIt dragonand modified Equally of racial of the series, the Belgian, and shou-ing the impulse of the
fourth an
artist, disposition bulk
as fault? lirrcs, irut with
parts; horispeciare uncrudity. not lack
sl~owing cstrcme
zontals
Xcst,
slenderness great
in t,he support.IIIRSSCS.
tile suspended workmanship of their their of
Lalique
; while keeping
in the lusurious of its wearers sought But and seem an grace he is yet
his work
in sequence
are offered
eligible
for exhibition
mens of German attractive They later the study art tiful fers. than same than which
hcc:~sc
sels shops,
hc has not destined
it to be, fir!;t of line and
affected
of all, the indication He has primarilyhnrrriony moved From Wolfers pass ing of from the it color. richness might
recall
by that
design derived
a period and the moment. from all
Charlemagne,
suggestiveness productions Ihen follow ornaments They the artist necklace shown because
Naturcworthy
the mastership
of Lalique elegance anti-climax But the
!
of
distinguishes of the present the illustrations executed and they andmorc the are
of two bcnu Wolof the more disto distinguished diadems
to the examination members power of the as Danish an
of the two concludsilversmith of the pierced adaptation principle.
by Philippe
of the series.
arc rarer
b&-mirror without sentiment. cessionist is the motif, from this
expression
by Dr.
Pudor:
The pattern line: traditional
ting~rished the rules prevail himrclf jeweler try tercd
less subject of jewels Wolfers
work is no mere students
for the production in the rue de In P&J In the former highly has in ohedicnce diffculties to bc the who,
which slmws (ounmxs-
or art ,noweau Scandinavian symbolism members or Runic with
and the Avenue traditional
of the Opera.
teeming Irish object
skilled
missal
cross.
to his Low intelligently of liis craft:
with the more brilliant is a clear and art. sentiment
race-sentiment, all the
expression
who
111
THE
WOMEN FAR EAST. GEM-WORKERS BY ANNETTA OF
CRAFTSMAS
THE that is always associated the Extreme the languor Orient, with antiquity quivers and in all Manila
HALLI-
DAY-ANTONA.
of the tropics.
But the tiny the wonthe thercoral caps; of the of
0
colonies. Far East. Strange setters of population
shop is cool and damp, and before NE who has visited Spain and Morocco tificer, must have of the remarked Spanish the arsuperiority of his craft ders there exhibited, mometer. Necklaces statuettes formed of of delicate pink one forgets
coral;
who has taught
all of the the the
balls for the decoration
of grandees branches
excellencies
to the natives of his
of coral with the body and limbs the stem and with beads like drops and pear-shaped which
In the case of the Philippines, throughout
pupils have improved
upon the teacher, and
growth ; rosaries of pearls, lustrous
their art has become famous
blood ; pendants of pure white pearls ; chains
; drop-
to say, the lapidaries Manila
and gemof the
shaped
ear-jewels,
the seller assures purchase strings of of
are the females far surpassing often
one are the offspring the Chinese merchant,
of tears and suffering; and costly
; their skill and ingenuity
; taste
great yellow pearls, the favorite pink pearls of peculiar
and workmanship of the male natives. The singular But Spanish prudent stock. The irritated customer shops
the ability mere dens, work,
iridescence. cabochon brooch light garnet garand in the disset with cardrink-
are small, interior, for the
There are sets of blood-red nets, consisting of ear-rings, finger-ring, variety, dark. played ing-cups pale which of-pearl, The
with a gloomy
the latter seeming a beautiful
setting
and other sets of the orange-red the kinds of
whose rich gleams pierce the dusk. rents even now are high, to forget system of taxation for a shop-kerpcr enters, and it is that the a rich at hard for the proprietor
which emits flame-like Indeed, are bewildering.
Silver filagree covered of
rendered it imto display
with yellow garnets, green sparkle garnets,
mother-of-pearl nacre
with handles thickly
knife-handles mothcr-
is disappointed
wit11 the lightning
the meagre assortment his name and address. the next morning, to repeat his visit.
shown, and goes away to leave Later in the day, or If he refuses, he is ingentle with
buncles, or small bowls of opalescent saleswoman is astute.
t,hat hc has been persuaded
which glow with their red fire. Never think and adDark and and
he is invited, nay, urged,
that she does not note the surprise miration upon her visitors of
SRVS
face !
veigled there, in one way or another ; should he still prove obdurate, patiently upon the persistent, little brown woman calls upon him, or waits the steps of his hotel, her wares in a locked box under her rebosa. Such sparkle of color and glisten of treasure ! Outside the broiling sunshine flames in the streets, and under the foggy
142
comelv as the tents of Kedar, or the curtains Solomon, Muy she turns insinuatingly, (Very in her rich alto voice: bonita, mire Vd! lost. that the work only gold,-so pretty ;
look you ! ). One looks, and-is she is showing It does not seem possible can be gold,
blue sky
GEM-WORKERS
fine and lace-like
pin and a brooch,
are the patterns. a chatelaine,
There a hatcarats
Very
likely
the
collection
will
contain of
arc a chain, a necklace, gold, from eighteen
SONIC exquisite rubies,-some of deepest wine,-but superb women, jeweler Filipino Look
breast-pins like
and stick-pins drops of
all of the deepest yellow to twenty-two The chain knot, that it from which it
of a lovely poppy carmine, and the astonishing
red, others frozen is the these a
fine, and of exquisite handiwork. seems but a long at the clasp with a true-lovers
Jll2ly not unravel
feature which
yellow braid of hair, tied itself;
taste often whose
ingenuity arc
illiterate, designs
display.
Many
the necklace is a
stem,
monotonously
flexible,
delicate-veined
conventional,
might learn a lesson from these says Concha again of gold, perfect. of pearls, her shrugs (her blue-
branch pendants ferns ; anything would be difficult
of the inost delicate golden more graceful to duplicate, or artistic except perThe
lapidaries. you ! diminutizcd
name is Conccpcion,
: Concha),
haps in the gold-smithcries chatelaine is composed (exact hooks. the threads), The copies of Manila hat-pin
of (cylon.
and she holds out a necklace enameled and set with gray harmony Why Concha ? shoulders, not one amethyst asks, of stone and setting but
of solid ropes of gold hemp rope, even to like fishMalay
pearls, with the
with clasps designed is a miniature leaf alligator being
instead she
creese, with a water-lily and the brooch cayman,-the genious gold) which Paris. And a golden scalc-work
for a handle, or young a most in($31.60 the or
deprecatingly. looks vulgar

bonita,
Amethyst This,
,rnuy
with gold, nifia, this yellow gold. forth,
she answers ; particularly sornewhat reprovingly, Some jewelry coral pendants buckles coral; of the most
imitation
of nature.
pesetas
and she hands a brooch remarkable of
The sum of 258 Spanish purchases alone is less than would in New
of beaten pieces of
this entire set of five pieces, be asked for York, London,
silver set with pale amethyst. are the necklaces set with jewels; and clasps, pearls, pale silver
necklace
and precious
stones united; combined
the gold
this woman has brought
the crude
the heavy
gold from the country,
made her own alloys, step by step processes of
with rough with b&e
drawn out the gold wire and beaten it with hammer and anvil, in following the most modern metal-smithing. These wrought precious unique thoughtful metal workers bangles stones, design, of all are as skilful with silver as with gold, producing chased beautifully of and scientific
the silver anklets set with pearls, and of gold incrusted combinations pearls, or of of ham-
the serpent bracelets pearls ; the breast-pin mered silver and and enameled moonstones brooches
gray
silver wire fancifully sapphires in silver; and the gold
supporting necklaces than other But ear-
; the carbuncle
silver set with the most
brooches
and pendants
with pcndcnt topazes. There are fewer rings, perhaps, ornaments ; the betrothal universally rings, of enameled bracelets, necklaces, gold. chains, rings being almost buttons, 143
witnessing
human labor.
One can have no of devices in
idea of how much can be done with silver, until he has seen this profusion which it is used.
small pins and brooches
are abundant.
THE
Then, too, the religion of the
CRAFTSMAN
islands purse, Concha ! Your the change. patron does not want
being Roman Catholic, jewel-work

uded in sacred crucifixes, Hible-covers, Virgin. If none of the designs ornaments: vases, mitres, crosses,
is largely dalmatics,
in the chalices,
etc., and in the gem-embroidfor the statues of the meets ones fancy but
ered robes and girdles
OW Of
let us discuss pertains to
,jewclry, precious
and of stones. and most elements:
what
such there are four are made b_v the four
only,
or purse, materials may be selected and made up, much as would be done by a tailor; the pattern is unerring. and oftcner in London, and combination would best bc
those four the rub!
is made by fire, the sapphire
obviousI>- by the air,the emerald by the earth, and the diamond by water. I shall have something of each. because they In its due place to say of the virtue difficult of all
left to the little brown woman, for her taste The cost will always be a half,
IUL~CI~ less, than
would be paid the abiland in
We will leave diamonds to the last, are the most
or sew
York. combine gem-worker of with the pa-
The Filipino tience elers, jewelry uality
lapidaries
stones to treat Of these four the sapphire, costly.
. . . . ; and in their place

things about them. the ruby, sorts of stones,
ity of the Moorish Japanese craftsman.
will I tell you the lovelict
and originality sacrificing even
the Chinese to color
They are adept enamdesign
the emerald, and the diamond,
you must know that the first is far the most A ruby, for instance, of five grains eight four hundred hundred, one I of wheat, and of as fine a fire as you could wish, would be worth about beauty similarly hu udrcd, thought would and run to about would no more, ten.
this branch
of their work, and in all their and an individThe longer convinced art, and irresistible.
one feels a delicacy altogether
one looks,
the more he becomes
scudi, and an emerald of the same size and

a diamond about be worth
that the display
before him is the expression for, above all else, with her
of a mind, the outcome of a personal this belief is satisfying; a jewel should be unique. Concha, pretty, advantage during have one rough herself, is enticing,
while lhese
a sapphire few facts to all those up and eager as by In while,
would fetch
might be worth having
plainti\-e profile, which shows to such as she fumbles with her purse. over the money hands. Perhaps walk transaction, wares the she wants with
many youths always springing to learn the beautiful To be sure, they ought est of all opportunities apprentireship
art of the goldsmith. to begin learning which is afforded of
She is long changed gold,
which some of her beautiful the long
soon as they can toddle, and use that greatto sorne master renown,
to remember
the hot, patient Fortunate
toil under the is a thing
whether in Rome, in Venice, or in Paris. all of them did I sojourn able pieces of ,jcwelry. for a long
terrible sun. of the past !
sh% that the brutal-
ity of the Spanish Her shrewdness has many

144
tax-gatherer conquers Put
and in all of them did I see many and invalu-
this time, as it little
others.
up the poor
JAPANESE
THE ING. ART OF JAPAKESE BY T. KARASAWA. LTHOUGH
the forms
GARDENING
style of buildings attached. among fountain, The to which the gardens ideal of a garden, Pleasing fresh are in genverdure the also, the A
GARDEN-
eral, demands cleanliness.
A
sidered. ground
the art of gardening to great originated antiquity, to in the the and handed down
the trees,
mosses around
can be traced present time
should be set in such a way as to Calm is required Foliage
show ideal beauty. scene monotonous.
but care must be taken not to render green and dewy, without being too dense. ing scene may have its place
Ashikaga period
lvere designed Illony, among the most noted. ~he styles of
(fourteenth
century),
should be kept
by the masters
of tea ccre-
whom the name of Soami is gardening scenery. two things are mmlerous, In selecting the
grove which casts a gloom over the surroundin a remote in a conA garden quality corner, to give but it is not appropriate delight and comfort.
the most important tions of natural site of a garden, The
of which are reproducare to be cona piece of foli-
spicuous spot ; the chief aim of gardens being needs, on the one hand, an exquisite structures mer-house portant
first is to choose
of scenery, and, on the other, some fanciful which will please the eye of the its mazes. A romantic sumenhance tht. is an imSome garplanned and a bridge certainly stroller through
where Nature
offers beautiful
age, a woody mountain, inate those features to a pleasing artists fancy
and a clear running
stream to break the quiet, and then to elimwhich do not contribute it as the Such kinds of garis to effect, and to improve directs.
beauty of the place. adjunct
As a garden
to the house, so there must
occur diffcrences in garden-plans. room of a house, and in a garden upon a large cluded among the ornaments Therefore, an old authority view from plan a garden desire a particular room or library, building,
dens arc found in villas and temples throughout Japan. reproduce introducing arranged frame from Nature, The second consideration
on ti plain,
dens are made to be viewed from a particular scale, the mansion itself is inof the grounds. said: If you the drawing to suit the design
level ground
a scene
by artificially
raising mounds, in a gIrden the principal case, should again, a the stones, being
water, etc. ; again, artistically, garden. form
M-here there is no mound, of the
In the latter
and for villas and pavilions
the trees are lessened, and the object or beautiful island scenes. Then,
a garden as if the building
were placed there look
be to present the aspect of a seashore tract, strip of narrow ground in a picturesque path is improved by turnamong some nioun-
for that lovely bit of wild landscape ! Care is needed to avoid the crowded in small gardens, design vent a scanty and insufficient effect. of a garden, ornaments In laying that of a room, indicates out grounds, and in larger ones to preAs the and like the pictures
ing it into an avenue, the model being found tains or woods, or in a walk beside a lake, a river, or even the seashore. In laying out grounds, or tranquil, the principal according effects to be sought lime, beautiful, may be classified as subto the
the ideal of
its owner, much caution
should be exercised. whether on a large importance run

145
or a small scale, it is of great an idea or r&on
de^tre should
THE
CRAFTSMAN
scenery, rain-water and it also prevents from running una the
der the veranda. The order for decorating garden front is t.o begin leaving with
view, and next to treat the middle The stones the trees are Howand in
the back,
part for the last. should be set before are planted,
as the former
the frame of the garden. to suit circumstances It must
ever, these rules may be altered places.

Tokyo: Privrtte garden
be kept
mind that mounds look higher when the lake is yet without its is the spot clear water, but after it has been filled, they will appear to lose their height considerably. The scene of an artificial picture, inasmuch who are in an enclosed the location etc., is not different made in landscape mound is like a Therefore, stones, trees, According to
through
the whole: in short, harmony a garden placing attractive. the chief
secret of making in a garden and distance to arrange hedges. the position decorative styles of for
The first step is to fix the prominent tree ; the second is to determine shape of winding
stone or
as both are viewed by all space.
the height
of the hill, the width and the stream or lakes ; the third, of the ground of decides
of mounds, ponds, paintings.
from the same provision in antique style
trees, stones, lanterns, fences and The contour for hills and lake. gardening, gardens, and all however of
t.his rule of art, the gardens
Such are the first principles
much thev vary, must conform to these. importance a garden one facing requires sloped, ently, garden. give
116
One more thing
must be mentioned : which is to be viewed as be the will

Tckyo: garden of a nobleman
from an entire room,-such a drawing that its not roomground of
although from
appar-
the front
veranda tou-ard the rear of the This arrangement an excellent view of the
JAPANESE
;Lre skllfullg produced imposing composed, and in looking at tI]cm, one wonders es.sar_y to choose if they were not really It is nccin size
illld
GARDENING
grove or a wood. Trees and plants should
be planted Between
close to the rocks and stones, so the chief mound and the lesser the source Anor look
by Natures
own hand.
as to avoid an artificial effect. one a valley is formed, symbolizing of the cascade. other thickly mound, patron gives wooded an idea of
a stone, large
in appearance.
It is not nbsoIn the stones to keep to the 1~121
lutely necessary to put in smaller stones, but the stones must be set in pairs. :L degree of height of the corresponding of stepping-stones, according appropriate pond. placed around a lake, it is necessary
The mound is a hill. either a distant and should dedicated mountain,
steep and rugged.
At the foot
of the left to the There features,
ilt the junctiou In ancient times temples or old
there is a shrine, god of the family,
a stone must be placed
and placed at the the plants in the and a stone
to a certain rule.
back of the right side of the mound. is also a well for watering garden. Beside stone lanterns, pensable bridges, these important fences,
base stones of the pillars in Buddhist temple millstones prominent The ancient were largely therefore, ornamental terminology stone. are places, forms But used.
were used ; hence the name : Garanseki, more commonly The stones
occupy
basin for washing decorations By a flat garden which gether consists of
the hands, are all indisin this kind of garden. we mean a garden where It is a composition grouped tofive stones
and sometimes the chief of decorative stones gardening ideas; the and other from
stone may bc placed in either of these spots. based upon features Buddhistic
there are no mounds.
the terms for
to imitate the mouth of a waterfall. there as second and at The stone the most the chief
were derived
The stone is placed
of that religious
system.
its side a little mound is raised. lantern and the nearest tree occupy important stone. the garden, spot, nest to that of A well is situated The
For a chief tree, pine or oak is prcfcrablc, and care should be taken to secure a finely shaped one; as this is the prominent of the whole garden. tree is planted chief one. on the island. feature The second important It is better to for the Trees foto the in species from the is a pine, tree should bc be of thick
at the left side of
and it should be decorated as the flat stone in the center touch, and it or the very is to be deroom, or a as a finishing
model shows. mrlst be placed last . sitting
have here a tree differing If the latter second some heavily around liage, the cascade so adding
hears the name of Taikyoku, Since this flat garden of a drawing signed at the front
foliaged should
chosen, or the scheme mav be reversed. an effect of power
room, the effect of the whole should In this style of decoratwo or of to only stones are the foremost
give an idea of sublimity. gardening, tion and trees are limited are the principal They can
rushing torrent, and if two or three bran&c; can be arranged the cascade, the Evergreen taste. greatly to hang over the center of result is vcrv pleasing.
three specimens. Trees garden. ground, ornaments a piece

il
trees are suited for this purpose, the number of trees map 1~ to simulate a
but a few maples may be added with good Then, increased, in order
beautify
of
even without a single stone.
HOW-
ever, they must not be planted
too thickly,
147
THE
CRAFTSMAN
them Rikiu, preferred to have the nearest trees the tallest, decreasing in height with the increase of distance ; but Oricle, for instance, held exactly the contrary opinion. Stones form the frame of a garden. Even one stone placed The anincorrectly will mar the whole grace and beauty. cients believed in having stones nine in number: four straight and five flat ones, as a charm to drive away the evil spirits. However, that Buddhistic superstition set aside, this form is to be observed ; for, without these nine For be stones, a garden will not look formal. surface, avoided. or which are split, should
Tokyo:
garden of a nobleman
as it will confuse the garden, and thus take away the beautiful effect of the trees. Trees which grow on a mountain must not be planted beside a lake, as the original place of their growth should be closely considered in transplanting. Except the plum and the cherry, trees of deciduous leafage must not be planted in the front part of a garden. Trees which, by their spreading branches, would cast shadows over the water, should be placed near a bridge, and a lake. Such disposition will serve in hot summer time to give a cool, refreshing look to the scene, and add much charm on moonlight nights. The position of trees in a garden should be carefully guarded, in a row. must so as not to give The garden-artist in planting them a look of posts standing endeavor
stepping-stones those which have a rounded
A stone basin of water, beside its use for washing the hands, serves to ornament a garden. In front of a large guest room, an ornamented basin is placed to add to the
that each one of the trees be seen plainly and to its best advantage. Some masters, among
148
JAPASESE
beauty of the scene. In the case of a verv
GARDENING
of placing. by groat
. . . The whole country,

artists. There of admires: pattern,
every in
small garden,
sometimes a basin is introduc~~d wcrc formerly placed
square inch of it, is thought the beautiful traveler a certain curves
out and handled is no accident
as a sole ornament. The stone lanterns in the precincts of both Shinto and Buddhist In earlier as is in gardening of the lantern
the trees that the these trees have and the result labor unwere to be
so justly decorative
temples and also on the wayside. ages they were introduced a decoration. in a garden, the position
been trained and shaped and forced to form is-perfection. der the delusion \lTe in the West that if Nature
As is the case with everything It may be put near
very difficult to choose.
allowed to have her own sweet way, she would always be beautiful. gone much farther that Nature But the Japanese have than this: they realize do the right trees will She is
the lake to let its light reflect on the water, or, with equally good effect, it may be placed among the trees to give an idea of tl glimpse of light in the depth of a forest. one. A wooden lantern may be used in the place of a stone
does not always
thing ; they know that occasionally exactly how to adapt and help her.
grow up to form ugly lines; and they know to them like some beautiful musical instruwith har-
T
placing
ment, finer than any ever made by human HE proper placing of objects is not the hands, play way on but still an instrument, only forms an exact almost science, a religion but also it with monies to bc coaxed out. on Nature, as with a kakemono landscapes trees, And the Japanese or a flower in a possible form, in mountains, for has
not only in a concentrated
,Japanese.
When you just arrive in Japan, with the perfect You

filld
you arc at once impressed of everything surrounded from yourself pictures, journey picture;
room, but also in the biggest
about you.
; dragging
rushing
by a series of beautiful to the hotel is a the combination to In bit it-everything
colossal
cataracts-nothing Any ordinar!in Japan sense than the
every street that you see on pour the station shop front, round about
is too much or too great an undertaking these masters of decoration. little baby almost boy who is horn decorative a greater
cvcq
of the many streets, the town in relation the mountains fact, you chance to look at, forms a picture. the whole of Japan is one perfect
finest painter
here in the West.
149
ABOUT
mat, with the bottle of hot sakd in Inhere are other accessories used by hand the aesthetic, but these are the essential ones.
SAKE
bottles shown is one of Satsuma fdence, with four shaped like a chrysanthemum,
her
leaves around the neck of the bottle which, overlap the petals of the conventionalized flower. This is an antique piece and a good I the fine, even crackle and specimen of Satsuma, being entirely undecorated, and of vellum-like surface for which this ware is esteemed in the country where it is made. A novice would, perhaps, scorn the square, brown bottle (in the middle of illustration), and believe it to be a common thing in pottery ; yet it is Bizen, the hardest ware produced in Japan, one which endures from fifteen to thirty days firing. One of the characteristics of Bizen (which most resembles Banko) is that any decoration which it may
The great masterpieces of Japanese metal work are, of course, the old swords and temple-bells ; yet among the precious specimens of the art, old wine-kettles are frequently classed. Usually, they are of iron, with lids of bronze. The ornamentation of the sakbkettle is generally an engraved, or an inlaid design, with a subdued, but wonderfully telling background ; the glitter and high polish so greatly esteemed in the West never being The Japanese were the only oldsought. time metal-workers to inlay iron with the precious metals, gold and silver; the great
richness of the effect produced can be seen, and appreciated, in the pieces of armor left over from s&&kettles, the Middle Ages. Beautiful dating only from the last sho-
of Chikusens. Canary-yellow would seem to be a favorite color of this popular artist-potter diums of his art. of the New Japan, and The body of this bottle sakk-bottles and sakk-cups the favorite meshows a clear yellow glaze, and about the white neck is one of the old standard borderdesigns in blue. Another favorite color of Chikusens is heliotrope and this he daringly and successfully combines with blue. If the collector of china finds his enthu~ siasm dying and the many sacrifices of his life not w&h sakk-cups. while, let him begin collecting
gunate, are to be-found, even now, usually in brass iepoussk, with the dragon, or the heavenly-dog for a motif. The favorite shape of the sakk-bottle would appear to be the gourd, the earliest ceramic form of Japan; indeed, the gourd has come to be looked upon as the sign of the sakk-shop, or Japanese liquor store. In the illustration, the largest of the four sakb
151
THE
CRAFTSMAN
The Japanese sakbcups press
artist-potter
knows that affairs, and moods :
pine branches; the peony;
quotations from
are frail, perishing different
the sages and poets of the empire ; Fuijisan ; and cherry-blossoms which apparently float about in the hollow of the cup. The full moon with a flight of wild geese has always been a favorite motif with the Japanese and is to be met with even on little sak&-cups. It illustrates one of the favorite old classic poems of Japan :
The moon on an visible
therefore he ventures to be brave and to exmany decorative moods which would be quite out of the question were he working on so permanent an object as a vase ; he seldom repeats himself and a collection of saWcups is never monotonous. All are dainty, admirable, and all are doll-like in capacity ; generally they arc circular in form, with only occasional ones shaped like the corollas of flowers (the morning-glory and cherry-blossom), or with five, six and eight sides. A collection of these cups might broadly be divided into three groups : those on which the design is stenciled ; those on which the design is hand-painted ; and those showing a plain, solid color. The cups with the stenciled design are naturally the cheapest, yet not always the least beautiful or desirable. Among the commoner stencil patterns may be mentioned
autumnnight
of wild geese
Making
the very number
flying past, With wings intercrossed, In the white clouds.
(Explanatively, ment of
rhythm is the first requirepoetry; rhyme is not
Japanese
sought or desired.) Other highly esteemed designs are the Ho-ho bird, which is a composite of many birds and therefore the most beautiful of all ; the tortoise with the wonderful, curly tailfringe, which never begins to grow until after his five hundredth birthday, and which
accordingly
signifies longevity ; leaves
of
well-known sakd, fermented from the modest, upright, useful bamboo ; and rice and apparently no stronger Fuji with an ascendant dragon, which means than German beer. This wine is drunk hot success in business and triumph over all obstacles. Celebrated Japanese landscapes are\ from little, shallow, flaring cups; usually of The s&t is served from bottles porcelain. sometimes painted on the more pretentious cups, also the tonzoye. Thick books have simple in shape, with gradually neck. tapering been written about the significance of this ancient symbol, which, by the way, is the crest of eight old d&mio families, as well as the trade-mark of several enterprising American corporations ; but the Japanese are content to believe that the great meanings of the tomoye are Good and Evil, Light and Darkness, Time and Eternity, and the great Old Imari cups show the There are a great variety of sakt
HE
universal wine of Japan is the
bottles, some with wide bottoms to use on shipboard or at picnics; others with a bulbous expansion, that they may float when placed in hot water; others made tapering to a point below, so that they can be stuck in the ashes. Receptacles for sakk are made with large areas of heating surface, or a vessel may be filled with hot water, with accomodations for a narrow cylindrical sakd bottle. Reside the usual form of sakd cup, there is one made in the form of a mask with a long nose, so that the wine must be drunk before the cup is laid down ; others are made with a hole in the bottom, over which .the finger must be placed ; so that the holder is forced to drink the liquor at once. In company, a very important vessel is used to hold cold water, in which the guest first rinses his cup before passing to another with whom he wishes to drink.
-Edward S. Morse (Mmeum of Fine .Ivts, Boston) in Catalogue of the Morse Collection of Japanese Pottery?
lb3
principles of Nature.
a design of seven little boys at play; modern pieces show only six. Carefully selected, one-color in the Chinese Renascence ;-that
s&d-cups, the Japa-
when seen all together, induce one to believe nese potter may finally succeed in reproducing (perhaps surpassing) all the old Chinese One really can find, now and then, glazes. splendid bits of sang de boeuf, apple-green, moonlight-blue, turquoise-green, fmdle rose, russet-moss-dappling, and emperors yellow. Sometimes, indeed, it is only so
trivial a thing as a surface a bit too highly glazed that prevents one firmly believing that the effort is veritable Old Chinese.
THE
WILLIAM DAYOT. FRENCH T. DANNAT. TRANSLATED BY IRENE HEN
CRAFTSMAN
being complete in the depths of its social strata, in which, before their final mingling, so many, and such refractory elements con-
BT ARMAND FROM SARGENT THE
W
in IS89 we can enjoy prising ination, sions.
the work of the youthful school of painting display 85
American
is shown in the formal of a universal
exposition,
and in 1900,
or yet amid the more of a Parisian gallery, of individ-
modest surroundings ual accomplishments technical able to formulate, to the originality Less fortunate acteristics masterpieces their Hogarth, borough brilliant faithful of
the varied spectacle skill;
and of the most surbut we are still unart, due expres-
as the result. of our exanof these different than the English, crystallized race and in the they
a clear idea of a national
the Amcrthe charform still of await whose and
icans have not rapidly their of art,
their Reynolds, arc like
their Gains-
: t.hose great
canvases mirrors,
primitives, expansive
such
in which are reflected, with accuracy and distincthe and subject, that this geniuses
such admirable
tion in choice of treatment essentials of the Anglo-Saxon It is but production only ment; borough after just long to say centuries of indigenous
countenance. sudden occurred fer-
of national
that, perhaps,
Reynolds
and Gains-
would never have made permanent, brushes, the raand of Mary of the Van tend and rage. a fevered throng, the picturesque Here is a mysterious a confusing world, crossed of thr frori complexity, Lely, of Nelly OBrien not
by means of their luminous diant faces Robinson-those Englishwoman-had Dyck and LargilUre the straits of Dover. acknowledged great
154
perfect
prototypes Peter
providentially Then, unity
too, it must be
that the moral republic
American
is still far
qualities of which the painter
WILLIAM
has not yet been able to conceive and to renIt is true that American deer adequately. painting still awaits its Edgar Poe.
T. DANNAT
fact there results the strange disconcerting variety of styles, manners of vision and technical methods which characterize a col-
A Spanish qnartette
Forced up to the present time to study their art in Europe, young Americans, perhaps instinctively obedient to hereditary influences, are attracted toward the most From this dissimilar centers of instruction.
lective exposition of their works.
Thus the
whole is at onee an assemblage of specimens showing the rapid and effective power of modern interpretation, which is often superficial, and a too general expression of com155
WILLIAM
ner. Then, after the crisis, of which we his action was an exshail soon speak, the artist imprudently abandoned-although the times-the cusable effect of the tyrannous fashion of strong technique which had Smuggler, Women, his and won for him such brilliant and legitimate successes in his Aragonese Quartette, his peasants. expression violet. At this point, it would seem necessary to present to the reader the artist whose laborious efforts and pangs
to
T. DANNAT
Saxon blood, he is adroit and formidable ; and, with his automobile, he was among the first to make a record of high speed. Nevertheless, M. Dannat is not a happy man. anxiety, But the sole cause of his constant of his absorbing pre-occupation,
assumes singular dignity, when it is understood to proceed alone from his passion for
his Spanish
He abandoned his first style a naturalism, elegant and
in order to seek the fine, delicate shades of of slightly superficial, clothed in ultra-modern
of conscience we undertaken
have, perhaps presumptuously,
describe in a few pages. As Raffaelli has pictured him in the por-
trait shown at the end of the present rapid study, Dannat is tall, slender, blond, and highly distinguished in bearing. We must add, however, that this living image is not an accurate representation of the Dannat of 1904. The brow has widened by the loss pierced at expression of almost of hair, a veil of melancholy, times by a fugitive
cruel irony, envelops the countenance, which was, for so long, almost consciously illuminated from within by the radiance of a perpetual joy, born, doubtless, of satisfaction in success. And yet, at first thought, M. Dannat would appear to control sufficient elements of happiness to place him above the need of envying the most fortunate of men. For he possesses health, fortune, talent, faithful friends, beautiful models and masterpieces art, from his desire to advance, from his too pronounced and illy-justified former works,-above disdain of his all of those which he
167
of art. He is also an enthusiastic sportsman. As a fencer, although of Anglo-
THE
CRAFTSMAN
temporaries. For this mental attitude he can not be reproached. The uncompromising spirit of his critical deductions is furthermore possessed of a pictorial severity, often persuasive and always interesting.
executed while he was still obedient to a formula prescribed by fashion. If he thus consigns to the dust-heap his
IKE the majority low-countrymen, America in his
of his artistic felM. Dannat He left was youth.
scarcely twelve years of age when he landed in Germany, and, since that time, he has States. made but brief journeys to the United He began by studying architecture in Hanover and in Stuttgart, and then suddenly abandoned that career for painting. In the latter art, he received his first lessons at the Academies of Munich and Florence ; arriving in Paris in 1879, at the age of twenty-six. fluence of He there fell under the invarious masters, among whom and Munkacsy,-of of the Aragonese
were Carolus-Duran by the examination
the last named most of all, as may be seen Smuggler (Museum of the Luxembourg) Quartette, which is one
and the Spanish
of his best works and is now contained in the Metropolitan Museum, New York. Let us add that, at this date, Munkacsy, whose first manner was abundant in splendid material qualities evidenced through a display of rich and dark tonalities, and whose conception was simple and dignified, had as yet painted only The Pawnbrokers Last Day of a Condemned Man, The Story of a Hunt, the Shop, and Milton dictating Paradise Lost to his Daughters ; also,
The dancer
that his native originality
had not yet been
hopelessly lost in the composition of great dioramic, religious canvases, which may be considered as the grave of the artists gifts. those of his con-
own early efforts, he is not exempt from a certain severity regarding

158
WILLIAM
Dannat derived .nothing from this master color-qualities, save most distinguished which he assimilated and subsequently expressed with great individ.ual inventive spirit and breadth of technique. Quickly escaping from the influence of Munkacsy and, at the same time, from the perilous lessons of the old Dusseldorf masters, Dannat showed the madness which uni-
T. DANNAT
or heliotrope, This lively, frankly slightly upon walls intensely white. unexpected, harmonic, incontestably arit was said, although every one linmanner was skilful,
tistic, aristocratic,
superficial,-and
gered with visible satisfaction before these fresh and cheerful canvases. Dannat alone passed scornfully before his own works, as also before those of his fellow-
Spanish
women
versally seized the painters of the period ; carrying them into light blue, pearl-gray, and soft dawn-violet. The spirit of the times, confident in the new ideas, created beneath the soft caress of a highly developed modern touch, and upon backgrounds devoid of laborious preparation, slender silhouettes of women, Botticellian in contour and proportion, whose gestures, sweep of the
workers; while the contraction of his brow and the sarcastic curl of his lip said as plainly as words : Truly, this. I am sickened at the sight of all
arms, and rotary motion of the hips were repeated in shadows intensely blue, purple,
Shortly afterward, the rumor spread abroad that the brilliant artist was aban159
EGINNING ceased to
with exhibit
1896, Dannat at the Sa.lon.
THE
CRAFTSMAN
made the heroic decision of ceasing-not deed to paint-but pictures, for a period of eight years. inThis
doning himself madly to the art of fencing, and that he had forever laid aside his palette and pencils. Happily the rumor was false.
at least to exhibit his
interval, with the fervor af a Benedictine friar, he devoted to the study of the technical methods of the old masters, from Piero della
vv
EAHY
with successes which he justly irri-
Francesca to Watteau ; recalling, at a timely moment and in presence of the rapid and lifeless decline of the great part of modern paintings, that circumstances and experiences obliged him to study all branches of his craft ; since the technical instruction of the painter is almost wholly neglected time. Indeed, does not each one to-day, paint as best pleases his own fancy? Look at Nature, and then work ! er ! Thou shalt learn unSuch is the word of aided the craft of the paintcommandment pronounced by the modern master. Therefore, the young artist strives, alone, without advice, without models, plunged in of the deepest ignorance methods, to patch his canvas at the present
esteemed as light;
tated by the applause offered to depths of his
the victors of a day by gilded ignorance; troubled also in the profound artistic conscience by the disquieting rctro-
Portrait
of William
T. Dannat, by Raffaelli
with color;
too often forget-
spect of innumerable failures which already crowded the history of the modern school of painting within a period of twenty years ; foreseeing that the hour was approaching when painters of talent, anxious to prolong t,heir dreams in their works, would abandon their false methods and make the question of technique the object of their most absorbing care ;-in
160
ting that a painter who learns his trade by himself, has, as Sir Joshua said, a fooI for his master. We may say in truth that M. Dannat is one of the most restless artists of his timerestless in a worthy and noble sense. his anxiety And would doubtless increase, did
hc know that Lemoyne one day declared in a mood of discouragement that thirty years study of the craftsmanship of painting was
a word, understanding
the trend
of the artistic movement about him, Dannat
WILLIAM necessaryin order to compose a work worthy

of preservation. But so long a term of years will not be necessary, we hope, for M. Dannat successfully and to to penetrate the most compliample profit
T. DANNAT
1900, will have no longer the right to declare (and this is an opinion confined to him-
cated mystery of old methods, derive from the eloquent lessons of the great masters. In order to hasten his researches, to confirm his opinions, has he not had the aston* ishing courage to dissect, so to speak, certain of the masterpieces which adorn his private collection, and, through the aid of rasping tools and of and Goya, enduring
solvents, to extort from Titian, Rubens, Reynolds among their magic of and others, the secret of the magnifi-
brush-work,
cent chemistry of their art? Certainly, from these longcontinued meditations, from these cruelly hard experiments, interrupted by sword-exercise and by restful journeys in his touring-car, there will be born, within a short space of time, works of masterly and assured technique, in which the graceful, picturesque visions of the artist shall be forever fixed in the most brilliant and solid of mediums. And then M. William Dannat, appointed commander of the Legion of Honor in Aragonese smuggler self alone) that this high distinction was prematurely conferred upon him. -From Art et D.koratiom, March,
1904.
161
THE
POTTERS
ment
HAND
among architects that terra-cotta, both ,r and treatment, should resemble
in color rtoW
of building stones is more frequent. than any other color, while the lines of the stone cutting machines are constantly imitated upon the clay surface. A building possibly This is a double lie when used upon a steel structure. constructed of stone could not attain the height now commonly
reached in steel, and if the building be of
Alfred vase: thrown by F. E. Walrath: H. W. Jackson
glazed by
of decorative
work which were not to be
repeated were modeled direct in the terracotta clay. Such a clay would be composed with a view to its being burned. It would not be as plastic as modqling clay, but would, nevertheless, move freely in the fingers, and was well adapted to broad and massive effects. motive. Such work, however; while sound in It was prompted purely by comIt was cheaper to principle, was not undertaken from the right mercial considerations.
have the artist model in the terra-cotta clay than to make molds and use them when only a single piece was required. Moreover, the subject of such modeling was rarely good. The larger.part of the modern production of terra-cotta is far too ornate. in color. It is also false There seems to be a general agreeAlfred vase, three feet in height: thrown and glazed by F. E. Walrath 163
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Alfred
built pottery
in Indian
style
steel a facing of stone is no protection to the frame. Clay must and will assert itself in the near future, not only as regards color, being recognized as clay by the man in the street, but also in its function as the only real fireproof material. This is a digression made only to point out the individuality of clay when used, as every material should be used, in view of its natural qualities. It is, however, in the studio and in producing objects of household service that clay is found at its best. This point has been reached through a long period of evoThe struggle has been hard, but at lution. length it seems that truth and simplicity are to prevail ; that the artist is again to come into contact with his client and to impress his life upon many homes, without the intervention of machine and mold. The art nature is essentially imaginative.
164
It perceives more than can be seen by the layman, and should be united with a dexterity which shall convey the vision to others. The artist is the eye, as the preacher is the voice, of the people, but before the eye can tell the brain what it sees, the nerves and arteries must be trained and active. The skill of the hand must exhibit the imaginations of the thought, or the people will remain untaught. Nothing can be more attractive than working in clay. mind. The fascination of the plastic earth long ago took possession of the primal
The untutored savage, wherever and whenever found, took delight in fashioning vessels of clay. At one time, they were simply for containing food, at another they received the ashes of the honored dead ; and if art be the expression artistic. of mans joy in his work, then truly -these primitive pots are Joy finds a language in many ways,
THE
YOTTERS
HAND
Alfred built and wheel-made pottery
whether it be in the inimitable masks of Yucatan or the figurines of Tanagra ; the of the Mings or the priceless porcelains Anything
of an idea, the visible presentment of an informing thought. The power of expression secured without labor. is not to be
flowing glazes of Thomas Inglis. produced by ones own exereven the tions acquires thereby a special value,-a poor thing, but mine own,-and savage who produced an enduring work in clay must have felt something of the pride of parentage. The possibilities of clay are becoming
Ruskin has said that it cannot be expected that such a gift can be bestowed upon one who will give no price for it, and though he spoke specifically of pictorial expression, the statement is of general application. manipulation Clays are willful. Perhaps that is why they are so human. The art of is the outcome of long and
more fully recognized year by year. As handicraft weaves its spell around the community, certain lines of natural expression appear to be in evidence. One of the most prominent of these is in the use of clay. The children found this out long ago, and are But such work as this is imitative and not exWhat is desired is the realization
arduous practice, and many failures must be faced before the ideal can be realized. this, perhaps, clay is peculiar. In Basketwork and textiles can be touched and re:
touched, colored and manipulated, with the knowledge that the worst, or best, is known. Metal work and jewelry are finished when the tools and baths have done their work, but of pottery it may almost be said that when
165
always happy when making mud pies. pressive.
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Underglaze,
wackle
UKI
mett
effects
)Jy Alfred
rtudanta
the clay leaves the hands of the potter his work is but begun. of the form, Whatever the beauty how_ intricate soever be the
plastic clay, the Indian women would roll it into thin cords, and, coiling these in spiral fashion, would weld them together by finger and thumb. The work thus produced was not so perfect in finish as that formed upon the wheel, but, on the other hand, it exhibited a special quality which the wheel did not afford. In pottery which is fashioned by the hand method, there is a certain vibrant undulation of surface which at once removes it from comparison with tool work or machine finish. Not that the potters wheel is to be classed as a machine ; but in shaping a piece desire to turn and polish the clay until it assumes a mechanical quality. This is so impossible in hand-shaped work that it ceases to be desirable and the plastic character of the substance remains in evidence. The introduction of this method into
plastic expression or the incised design, the ordeal of the fire is inevitable. This fact constitutes at once the potters trial and his triumph, and gives to clay work its fascination and its fallibility. A piece of pottery is never made until it has been burned. The fire not only translates it from earth to the pride of permanence, but it produces the final color which has hitherto lain dormant and often unsuspected. It is but a short while since it was believed that clay work could not be produced without special appliances. The wheel was difficult, if not impossible, and molding was undesirable because of its lack of individuality. Then a study of Indian methods opened the way for
166
by the wheel there is an almost irresistible
clay
building.
Taking
a very
CRAFISIMAN
similar back scats,
HOUSE
and with the china-cabinet There of proportions. chairs, and are also to be of slatas suscomfortable electrolier table. or music-
mentioned,
noted a serving
table, a sufficiency exceedingly
a wrought-iron
pended low over the dining In the two principal room, the woodwork corresponding
rooms ,just described, is of chest,nut, stained and the movable
as well as in the hall and lihry,
to a rich brown, while the floors are of oak, in shade,
r_.___- ._-._......
T----
T ----
by
two
large left
wooden
beams;
the plaster and in the
being
rough
under
the float, again
tinted to a pale orange ; the last named color, in brighter blues. The furnishings simple : monizing the large of this room are few and rectangular table harsideboard already shades, appearing rugs, which have backgrounds of greens and
with the broad
175
fllrnitr:re tllC prow:s
is of the 1iLttCr Wood, trCatCt1 by kuown as fuming. rear bedroom and its dcpcndeut
flOOlT of &rIi gl?L~
ture or hilt in that direction. not alpacas point -bllt it alwass
My needle is and does it is true, west and
slow to settle, varies a few degrees, due southwest, settles

The
The large dressing
100111 tlarc
and it has good authority

South, soutt1ac!at.
for this variation between fiiture side. lies that u;aV The outline like one been
house
lllil~)lC!, with woodwork
and furniture
p:tlltry, ttle
of the
s:uuc llli~tcri;Ll, trc:ltCd in a lighter In

of ttlC
shade.
WOO(lWO~li
kitchcw illld
to me, iNlt1 ttle earth ed and which :I circle, of those thought

owupics
sCen15 more unexhaust-
(arolina
pine is natural
finish : ttw wainsof four feet, green in

tllc
richer
on that
coting
reachiflg
to a height being similar.
n-odd
hound rnv walks would be, not or rather which curves,

I
with the WiLlIS atwve paint,Cd in light and the ceiling 1%~ \valls of tile bathroom white to :I distirnCc floor, painted appearing eighteen
tuste
of
but, tl parabola, cwnctar\~ 0rbit.s
have
arc tiled feet

ill)OrC
to be nowreturning
ttle plarc of tlic sun.
in this
four
C:IW opening and round, ter of

Sillldtll wvct or an time, wwt.
\vest\vard, in which my iri-cwlute soinctimes, I decide,

walk I go into Only will
with
the
relnaindCr
of
the
height at
:llld
turn round for a quarfor a thouthe south-
in light
blue or green ; a gold line and again
.j ust above the tiling inChcs bclow~ the ceiling. detililS are lfft
IlOW, that
until
I Eastward
Eurthcr
of ttw
to the will
by force ; no busi-
occupant
of the house: already
but all cstab-
ht
westward
I go free.
Thither
these will hc easily arranged of building listicd. Altogether, that this, aTIt1 decoration
upon the basis
ncss leads me. wildness and
It is hard for me to believe Iandscapcs behind or sufficient the eastern that the freedom but
that I shall find fair horizon. of a walk forest stretches 51111,iInt1

in it
it is believed by the projectors wil! bc found a5 plcasSpilCiOM :i rcsitlencc as
I am not escitccl thither, which

tllerc
by the prospect western

towns
the fiftlk of the series of (rafts-
1 believe toward
man HOI~WS for 1904, ing, coi~ifortat~le alld

can bc ilSSllWd
I see in the
are no longer
horizon
or cities
uninterrupted
the setting me.
throl.:gh
the espenditurc
of
four tho~rsaiid dollars.
of enough consequence
to disturb
I,ct
mc live where I will, on this side is the and ever I am I should not the cite more and more and withif I did not I
City, on that the wilderness;
W
nivsclf that particular
lca~ing HEX I go out of the houw for :L as yet whither and submit me, I some pasI drawing bclicvc vailing lnust Europe. walk, uncertain
into the nildcrness. ttlat son~ething of
lay so 1nucl1 stress on this fact, tcndeuC_v \~:llk toward --Hem!/ my
will bend my steps,
like this is the preCountrymen. and not toward
t,o itly instinct
to clccicle for toward
find, St range I finally
and \vllilllsiCi~l RS it may seem, settle southwest,
Oregon
wood or 11~Cad0wor descrtcd
D. lhorenu in Wall&g
116
SUMMER
HOME
A SUMMER
HOME FOR FIVE HUN-
mere approach to the plan which I have suggested, could be produced for five hundred dollars, an increase in the number of the
DRED DOLLAR& EDITORSNOTE.-AS a result of an inter-
owners of summer homes would speedily follow. This opinion confirms in my mind the from fifteen hundred to belief that there are many persons having an income ranging encouraging three thousand dollars, who are waiting for suggestions upon this subject, such as can easily be given by your Magazine. It is difficult to answer your question as to the amount to be justifiably spent upon a summer home, by a man earning the salary
_-_
esting and somewhat extended correspondence, The Craftsman herewith presents the elevation, floor-plans and description of a summer cottage, designed by a young business man of the Middle West to meet his personal requirements, and to be erected at a cost not exceeding five hundred dollars. Since that which is specific and intimate is now everywhere preferred to the abstract and the general, it is here permissible to introduce direct quotations from this amateur architect when he says in allusion tc his correspondence Magazine : with the
ASSUMED
the priviamong
L_
lege of passing your certain of my fellowworkers, who agreed that if a I letter about
THE
CRAFTSMAN
one thousand feet from the shore of Lake Michigan, with an outlook upon the entrance to a harbor marked by a glistening light-house. white is of The immediate landscape
bare of trees; but to the west lies the lake, with a shore line hidden by a fringe sees an undulating country second growth timber, while, to the east, one accented here with and there with red roofs contrasting
the green of fruit orchards. The attractions of the place induced me to follow the efforts of my friends, and I believe that I have, perhaps, produced germ-plan, a which, capable of variations in
detail, may prove useful to many persons circumstanced similarly to myself. The absolute requirements in my own case were: three sl,eeping rooms, a living room and a kitchen; before mentioned ; but I am able to cite facts in two cases which may, perhaps, serve as useful illustrations. One instance is that of a young lawyer who built a bungalow (twenty-four by twenty-six feet) at a cost of three hundred twenty-five dollars ; devoting the greater part of the outlay to exterior effect, and leaving the interior plain to the limit of crudity. The second amateur builder, the manager of a real estate office, erected for four hundred dollars the usual type of cottage produced by country carpenters. My own summer home will be situated near the property of the two young men mentioned, and the claim which I make for it is that it represents my ideal, modified by location, limitation requirements.
178
-1
a bathroom
proper
being impossible, as no water-supply plant exists in the immediate vicinity. On the
of
capital
and space
The site is a high hill at a distance of
A
first floor, the living
SUMMER
HOME
matched, color. The describe interior of the cottage I shall not deto in detail, as the furnishings vertical boards, painted in cream
room and kitchen have
both an outlook to the west, south and southwest, and the kitchen opens upon the porch to afford meals. The building does not contain timber, a single purstick of unnecessary poses of economy, are excluded. Stock and, for convenience in serving open-air
manded by my own needs, or acceptable my ideas of fitness, might tasteful to others. ever, to offer suggestions of finishing First, exposed building fastened tacks from lap, I permit myself,
easily prove dishow-
window- and door-frames size sashes, set with with T or
for several methods room. may be left green ; or, may be with an burbc teiiand :L
the walls of the living stained with
four, eight and twelve panes of single-thick, c*ight by ten glass, The with inner cording the exterior rough are hung strap hinges to the dressed two by four studs. of the cottage surface The exposed walls is covered and and the with special ten or twelve inch drop siding, trim-
the studs and joists and the whole to the studs
paper in blue, red or gray, and finished paper of frieze, decorator. building above
large-headed
or nails,
eighteen-inch instead
to be procured Again, paper, may
side dressed.
any interior
mings are stained brown, a color which, acto the surroundings, may vary from tones, or \:~a Dyck to raw- or burnt-umber
tacked to the studs, and headed with a paper frieze, as in the second plan. or twelve-inch window-openings matched (a may be run to the tops of Finally, the doorof and dressed boards six and
offer any other effect lying within this scale. The gable ends, as they appear tion, are formed from in the elevadressed, narrow,
height
THE
half feet), and finished by a six-inch frieze. molded with above it a paper a six-inch edges board with covering boards
CRA.FTSMAN
shelf, building They spected the fact of the present Hall of Records on the same spot. were of good stock, those representfamily, and much reas is shown by by their neighbors, atives of the Crolius
A variation or beveled board of the thus
of the last method might be made by using at the base, and a four-inch the joints battens, with
uuder the shelf, perpendicular forming he panels.
that they held the office of alderterm, for the same ward: John, and then Clarkson, that they cared
man, term after first, the father, the son.
I will add that the ceiling formed by covering burlap, by thus the joists with uncolored the fabric with ceiling. These four plans for in place edges: molded
may properly second-floor boards long and in holding forming
One does not fancy
particularly great
to make their name famous, but could they have known
they were just the men who would have felt satisfaction that a piece of their ware would be found intact a thousand a hundred wheel. How this quaint old jug quisite bit of Rookwood because simple. Atkinson, a graceful repetition came to occupy with an csa place of honor cheek by jowl The jug miles away and more than on the years after it was thrown
eight-inch
panels with somewhat the effect of a beamed the treatment of
the walls arc equally Through the adoption
to be reconm~ended as of expenditure. of any one of them which can be effect,ed of the mistress of the
to both effect and economy
is a tale interesting, is now in the posJr., of Fort, in by
the house will be made ready for the decorat ion and arrangement only by the hand house.
session of Mrs. 1. B. &swell, Wisconsin, way and in type. Oh, which
who told its story will lose much
She replied to my no, we did not think
eager questions: A (:LARKSON CROLIUS M. SHORT. Potters Streets, Hill, which forof Reade to New York, ,JUG. Blfamily--but about it. ETWEEN and Cross Even
it of any special interest, except to our own it is old, very old, and I have story centa few l,LI%ABElH always been t,old such a characteristic In the early part of the nineteenth ury my ancestors lived at Middletown, miles from Utica, girl, print N. Y. day, Grandma Dodge,
B
families, Scant
180
merly rose at the junction
One hot summers
City Hall Park there is no obvious the hill itself ceased to odd years ago, and t,lle two who potted or two,
who was then a young She saw this *jug not resist the
connection.
drove into t,own with money to buy a dress for herself. and could
be, some ninety
Rcn~n~ey and Crolius,
in a shop window temptation and the jug
there side by side for a generation annals exist
to buy it ; for it was harvest time, was exactly what she needed. and it task to carry a field lunch
n-cre swept aside by the march of progress. to Show the successive down of the two potHill to the stcsps from the tearing
It was Grandmas
to the men every day at ten oclock,
teries and the leveling of Potters
was difficult to keep the coffee as hot as they
The Clarkson Crolius Jug
181
THE
liked it. the wire bale was fitted ;-for Grandma sprigged instead. never even
CRAFTSMAN
the plastic clay) is partly free hand, partly made with a hand stamp, and is painted blue, under the glaze. at the rich brown. one-quarter The body of the jug is a and it is twenty-six It has a height of eleven and inches,
See ! there are the little holes where it had a handle looked
and a pewter cover in those days. frocks, but carried home the jug Good service it did, too, until the
inches at its greatest girth.
family came West, and, even here in Wisconsin, as long as there were fields to harvest and lunches to carry, it continued its labors. So, when my grandparents moved to the city, the old jug went with them to enjoy a well-earned rest. EDITORSNom.-The At first thought it seems strange that collectors find so few things fashioned by the early potters of our own country. But the ware made in the old days of the trades, when the potters workshop was attached to his dwelling, was mostly serviceable things: preserve and spice jars, jugs, churns, butter crocks, milk pans, and other things for domestic use. These were generally left without decoration, except such as were intended for gifts or for other special purposes. Among the best shapes were the preserve the popularization fragment century. following plea for of art is here given as the ART OR NO ART? WHO SHALL SETTLE IT? WILLIAM MORRIS.
an effort to save and to make known every which came from the pen.of great literary craftsman of the nineteenth Originally written as a contribution to a propagandist journal, it is reproduced with the purpose of adding yet another angle of vision-however differing slightly from those already established-
through which to view the many sided and brilliant genius of William Morris.
jars, but even these were soon cast aside, when housewives had learned the canning process. Therefore, it gives us an agreeable sense of stability to read in a good round hand the lines traced by Clarkson Crolius one hundred six years ago. At the top, just below where the pewter cover must have fitted, we find the designation : No. I ; while on the full curve opposite the spout occurs the inscription: York, Feb. 17th, 1798, Mfd Crolius. New by Clarkson
HE
workman of the present day
may well think that art is not a matter which concerns him much. To speak bluntly, he is not wealthy
enough to share in such art (there is little enough of it, all told) as is going in civilized countries. His earnings are precarious, and his lodgings precarious also, and, to boot, stowed away almost always in the dirtiest corners of our dirty cities; so that, at the risk of offending worthy people who are feebly trying to bestow some scraps of art on their poorer brethren, it must be said that the workmans home must be bare of art. Indeed, the attempt to bring beaut,y
Also, nearly concealed beneath one handle, stands the word : Blue. The lettering is scratched in the green ware.
182
The
decoration
(also wrought
on
ART
OR NO
ART
Middle class supremacy
into such homes would be a task to break the heart of the most patient artist in Europe. That shabby gift of the crumbs that fall from the childrens table must be taken back again, for there is no such thing as cheap art, and workmen can buy only what is cheap. On the other hand, if the workman takes it into his head to go some day to the galleries of art, that he may try to understand the raptures of us artists over the works of past ages, how does he speed on his educational errand? -the What does he find? door shut in his .face on the one day
than the brutes.
has brought us to this at last, that such art as there is left is used (whatever its merits may be in each case) as a toy for the rich, while the workers are debarred from having any art, either in their work or their homes ; that is to say, that the workers are doomed by capitalism to live without the pleasure which is necessary to humanity. Yes, middle class supremacy ! For things were very different all through the Middle Ages, from the twelfth to the end of the sixteenth century ; while the middle class was being Throughout formed from the enfranchised serfs, yeomen, and craftsmen of the guilds. that period, at least, all manufactured goods, everything that admitted of ornament, was made more or less beautiful ; nor was the beauty charged for as a separate article; since all craftsmen were more or less artists, and could not help adding beauty to the goods they made. been working It is easy to see that this could not have happened if they had for the profit of a master. They worked, on the contrary, under such conditions that they themselves were masters of their time, tools, and materials, and, for the most part, their goods were exchanged by the simple process of the user buying from the maker. Under these circumstances it was a matter of course that a man, being master of his work, should choose to make it pleasanter to himse1f by exercising upon it that love of beauty which is common to all men, till it is crushed out of them by the mere bitter struggle for life called competition for wages, and by subjection to a master who also is struggling for profit This system of against other competitors. a man working for himself leisurely and happily was infinitely better, as regards both
in the week on which he could carry out his attempt to learn something from the study of his own property-the say. National Gallery, It really does take an artist to under-
stand the full force of this stupendous joke of the defenders of religion against common sense and common honesty. It would exceed the limits of a newspaper article to show how far the workman is from having any share in art when he is at his work, but my workmen friends, at least, know all about that ; for even those who are engaged in making the wares which, in the wretched slang of would-be cultivation, are called art objects, the organizers have to work always as take good care shall be too machines, or as the slaves of machines; and of labor that neither the quality nor the quantity of the art in these art objects grand. Here, then, is the truth, which we
artists know full well, that those who produce the wealth of civilized society have no. share in art. So entirely are they cut off from it, that many, or most of them, it is to be feared, do not even know of their loss in this matter. Yet I am bound to assert here and everywhere that art is necessary to man unless he is to sink to something lower
THE
CRAFTSMAN
THE DULL LEVEL OF LIFE. BY WILLIAM MORRIS. title of this second writings of
the worker and his work, than that divisionof-labor system by which the profit-grinding of rising commercialism supplanted it; but of course it is impossible to go back to such a simple system, even if it would not involve -as it would-a return to the whole hieOn the rarchical, or feudal state of society.
EDITOR'S Nom.--The reprint William Morris
from the journalistic
reflects a discouragement thought
born not alone from philanthropic The Dull Level of Life
other hand, it is as necessary for the existence of art as it is for the well-being of the people otherwise, that the workman should again have control over his material, his tools, and his time ; only that control must no longer be of the individual workman, as in the Middle Ages, but of the whoie body of workmen. When the workers organize work for the benefit of workers: that is to say, of the whole people, they will once more know what is meant by art ; but if this social revolution must), does not come about (but it art will assuredly perish, and the for the
and sensitiveness to the World-Sorrow. emanated from from the the smoke and fog capital, of London,
sordid streets and distressing sights of the as well as from the desire to set It is the the an impression made upon wrong right in the moral world. result of
aesthetic sense of the writer, his involuntary personal cry for beauty, quite as truly as it is an exposition of socialistic doctrine.
rich will have no more of it than the poor. It is most important, therefore, workers to take note how capitalism has deprived them of art. For that word means really the pleasure of life, nothing less. I beseech them to consider it not a light thing, but a most grievous wrong, that their work should be barren of attractiveness and their homes barren of beauty ; and I assure them that this wrong is not an accident, not the result of the carelessness and hurry of modern life, which a few well-meaning men of the middle class backed by money can set right. It is not accidental, to be met by of the poor to palliatives and temporary remedies, but it is the result of the subjection the rich, and, at the same time, is the most One obvious badge of that subjection. thing only can amend it: the outcome of that class-struggle now happily in progress, and which will end by abolishing all classes.
184
NE of the chief terrors, real or affected, which afflicts the middleclass man in thinking chances of that Coming of the Slav-
ery, which Mr. Herbert Spencer so bewails, is a fear of the suppression of individuality. Our Socialist lecturers are all familiar with this objection, which seldom fails to be raised at question time in meetings where those are present who have any claim to be considered educated. To us Socialists looking round on the present state of society, the anxiety, when genuine, seems not a little ridiculous, considering the manner in which individualism founded on the gospel of commerce of has guarded this precious the milljewel individuality. Truly
hand, who is as much a part of the machincry of the factory where he works as any cog-wheel or piece of shafting is, need not be very anxious about the loss of his individuality in a new state of things; the
work girl passing sewing-machine viduality meal clerk, for if she were willing
days and nights might the bc excused of
over her perhaps
moncst hideous gifts,
thing waste if they
for of
their special to be thrust commercial would by

hit]l)Y
gifts,
their
iridividu:Llity,
aside by the war : which and of due cothCJJl.SC~VcS
to barter the said indichance a square or lawyers to be, in the to find little individThese and
were really
considered
nwa11~
a day : nay, the bankers educated enough
wisely organized, iiperation tion

iIJl(l
as he is supposed
change Create
the whole face of civilizaliVC.S t0
may be mean-spirited contemplation uality of
solace for his life of mean drudgery the theoretical
and others.
As it is, what is their condito the working classes?
tion if they belong
secured to him as a prime blessing
We know very well that they are born and bred drudges ; that they have just so much education masters. vidualism, prosperous worlds life: about higher bestowed on them as will not hindrudgery profitable to their That that is their fate the condition in the lump: of even the a fair ideal der them from
hy the system of free contract. for that eager life of
such as these pay a very heavy price indeed the world ; that which the man so glorifies freedom from a low level of life
cant of the smug well-to-do

11owadays.
and so besotted are we with the cant of indiworking men is thought
It does not need many words to
show that the fear of death by starvation, which is the only motive to exertion that the anti-Socialist individuality nary workers; can see, does certainly among the millions destroy of ordi-
result of all the thousands amongst
of years of the it aims no
or, if there is any further the well-to-do, improvement improvement emancipation
but it must be furthermore
than a gradual workers, short
; while
of these is from must
rLsserted that what breaks down their spirit, and reduces them to a dead level indeed, does also injure rarer gifts. that genius bering really broken useful minds men of more exalted minds and It is indeed the fashion will break through out of them. of those to say all encumRut is it who have
higher than a gradual better-off still drudgery to stop of
which
improvement,
; while below the better-off

gulf
still be the terrible It is strange that Socialism,
of the residuum. as it does at the
circumstances, so? We know
and will even be bet-
while this ideal satisfies people, aiming of drudgery, should seem to the developwhich,
t,ered by struggling through work too for
total extinction anyone
the adverse circumstances, fame and honor and done the world, have though their and have we as who been narrowed
to be a threat against
and have gained often
ment of individual few exceptionally of this threat not genuine of putting gument
talent or genius, lucky persons.
at the best, at present,
is only possible to a The fear places
their hearts soured in the bitter combat ; but of those whom adverse circumstances utterly world crushed, which has come of their misery While of these and the loss to the
is of course in many
at all, and is only another way the determination but of the rich to arwho to those with such people,
keep down the poor; is impossible: genuinely
know and can know nothing. So much for men of genius! to men of good ordinary may be called men of talent,-it gifts,-those
feel the fear, we may say finally too bold to hope that in a
that it is scarcely
is the com-
state of society to which a class of drudgers

18.5
is 110 longer
uecessary,
education
will not for to
and
to emulate
each
other
in producing is what of sowould average
only be universal, :L few ; and that tlcvclop people :ulythiug xny gifts
but will be both more libit is to-day it will be its function which or the children science, higher literature, arts, or or dcsirnblc
pleasure Socialism ciety
for themselves aims at: to judge it defends
and others, by the state so eagerly, of a shabby
eral, and wiser for all, than
the aim of middle-class
individualism, which
or older
may have toward
stem to be the creation of dull discomfort community, misery

or1
t,lic handicrafts,
for a large
class of the
which may be useful
relieved
only by a mass of dire and by idle and in-
to the community: fiirthermorc, that, ns it will be pleasant for those who possess such t&its to use them, they will not deprive tllcmsclvcs of this plcasure merely because they arc not clrivcn to t,lic exercise It, is :L Illilt,tC!r t!!liitics
;lS of COllrSC tllat the
the one hand,
solcnt waste on the other.
of their oppor-
THE
CRAFTSAIEN
OF PERSIA.
BY
f:icxllt,ics hp the fear of tlcath by starvation. for the clcvclopmcnt of the higher
I,. A. REED Vor I rerncmber stopping by the way
1:LcuItits of the whole pcoplc will bc fountlcd,

lrilltvtl
soriirlizccl intlividual
at SOII~L
use of that iLl)O\Vy 011 tlw sock1 lil\)Or :&kc1 by marhinery, whirh at, present, for the service of profit. : how far mnchinc ;
t,O Wll:lt CXteIlt
is in opcr:dion
produrit lllily,
tioti lllily bC CiLlTiNl

time
or other,
llscful
bc limited
work
bv the intLIld tllC
T wzs I
Persia attained period of Shah Abbas thcrcnfter the sfcrct discovered, the invasion of making and of Mahnmd, 1721, when it was again ever. Tllcsr painted turned rcfiet, upon or dark to the light,, they
To watt-11 R potter thumping his wet clay, And, with its all obliterated tongue, It murmured: Gently, brother, gently, pray!
:tft,cr the time of Rhnyynm its greatest
that
ccld)rit,y
in the field of ceramics.
During the I (1X%-1@28), was reuntil in forwcrc being rose, flourished
(rcasc of lcisurc, pleasure in c~spect to result
and CilSC of life, which from
Wflet pottery
wc may of
the development of speculation, that
the Afghan,
SoCii~lisnl, these arc matters liop~ ; but

one
lost,--perhaps tiles ; but
on which diffcreilt minds will have different thing is certain: it will bo 011~ of the chief aims of a socialized st.atc to liltlit plcasurcless labor t,o the utt,ermost. The cruslling weight of this pleasurcless IilbOr, laid with such cruel indifference on our lives by the present anarchy, is what individuality is languishing under ; from Socialism it has nothing to fear, but all to gain. 10 LISA the forces universal gaining all, leaving
186
iridcsccnt grounds
fliWl1 with
purple and gold : amethyst, emerald and ruby seem hidden in their depths. The sccrcts of many of the wonderful colors arc now lost ; but, during the centuries abov< niuncd, the ccraniic art of Persia was in full flower. The designs were not necessarily confined to :I single piece. The work was often iLP ranged like a carpet : a single or thirty device estcndtiles, and ing over twenty square
of nature for the equal
by means of purpose their of for lives, livelihood
coiipcrat~ion generous and
t~hem free to enjoy
CRAFTSMEN
being surrounded by a border delicately the walls and the and at the the effect to The entire of painted in vines and flowers. In the sacred tomb at Mashhad, are covered with superb decoration, men who entered it in disguise, risk of their lives, pronounce be one of Koran gold extreme brilliancy. is there presented in combination
OF
carried wore Koran blades dogs.
PERSIA
to great the arms perfection. of Persia The warriors flashing upon to have from the of Nadir Shah (1736) from the infidel passed
who won the victories
buckler and shield ; while passages wcrc which sometimes gave inlaid no quarter years
in azure letters in hues ;
Scarcely the military
a hundred accoutrements
high relief, projected t,hc whole producing splendor. At this period,
upon a background with iridescent a matchless too, Chinese
since this burnished armor was laid aside for of Europeans. also hanThey The artists in metal produced showed great successors products, skill in working
chromatic craftsmen
mcred ware in brass, silver and copper. and found ready Under the austhe place of its tints metals in combination
the precious
were invited to the Empire pupils among the Persians. pices of the former, called Kashec, production. delicacy Of from Kashan, this
with enamel, and their
are still active at Ispahan ; while which are characterized often by the use gold and upon show-
a new ware was created the prevailing
from Behbehan, near Shiraz, come even finer of rich blues and other fine colors; enamels being a ground ing often of polished copper. leaf,
were black or deep blue, treated with great of touch, and applied with a few master strokes. A rare white porcelain also reproduced always ings; ribbed during It was of translucent while a peculiar of great value was the Abasside period. and mold-
blended together Oriental:
The design and other scattered are,
in these pieces is typically the cypress, traced upon the palm
specimens of the flora of the East, which are a background with golden snow-crystals. stars as delicate and minute as The objects so wrought
milky whiteness, glaze g2ve
or fluted with delicate of a pearl.
to each
picre the appearance
for the most part, vases, trays and bowls. The pen cases, or kalcmdans, subjects of much artistic box, from out, effort. arc also the They arc conin One which in the form inches
From metal brass, scarcely which watered craftsmen
an
early
age
there used
were iron, and
skilled
TllCSC
usually made from pclpier m&d, of an oblong vex; length, contains They signs, scenes; In being ten to twelve
workers copper,
throughout silver to and those surface
Persia. gold, of the
with a top slightly
successfully
steel, their
and about two inches in width. disclosing a drawer
weapnns of war included inferior gave The wavy appearance to the
blad,es which were Damascus. steel, of effect
end pulls
pens and a small brass ink-holder. painted with floral deand even battle it. schools are of
187
of this prepared
are elaborately landscapes,
figures,
silk, was probably
reached in both
some of the work being so fine that Shiraz and other cities,
cases by the same means. The inlaying of shields, helmets, breastplat,es and swords with gold and silver was
a glass is required to appreciate maintained to perpetuate
the traditions
THE
the embroideries These display wrought ground peculiar heavy and intricate often or
CRAFTSMAN
woven jewels, thousand ration. The tiles and porcelains, Persia, wrought, front together with her the inlaid shields of costly continue enamels to be in the and helmets, the blades and breast-plates and silken fabrics, if they of the fabric about one hundred forming and fifty designs, dollars must remain for the value the base of the deco-
to those localities. in chain The scarlet,
with silken thread, may be white,
stitch, upon broadcloth,
silk or velvet. gray,
purple, crimson, or black ; and the work may be done in colors, of silver and royal stones. Tapestries derful fabric broidered be obtained ing elaborate From North, and from are wrought and color. in silks of wonThe richly emfamily, or wrought When with threads made for the gold.
these works of art are often with pearls and precious
will always hold her people craftsmen.
further ornamented
rank of the worlds
THE
REVIVAL
OF
ITANI)I(:RAFT.
shawls of Cashmere
and Kirman de-
BY W. M. BANGS.
are now exceedingly sign, in exquisite
rare, but they may still of color and havof the far which of the
in the palm leaf or cypress softness floral borders. peoples the sentinel mountains cities
the primitive
E
cates present, ciation
VEN
to the passing of the public matter To the
observer
the
attitude important esting.
toward any interhis
is always
artist-craftsman is naturally At and apprethat
the sentiment own intentions the
of the masses regarding and productions, which
protect Persia from the inroads of the Turk, from all the principal products Shah, these beautiful t,he world. They come also from the far South, where from Niris, flocks feeding on and where some of coloring which for the wool is obtained the shores of Lake magical sible property a purity and are given to
of intense moment, since this sentiment indiadvance the outlook of beauty, is possible. is encouraging,
there is noticeable not yet sufficiently as is possible acter. self. art life. While mercialism and of artistic
a certain popular and a growing, vigorous,
although
demand
of the water makes posbrilliancy in the North. Shiraz, years, was the capital of which city of four thouare still
articles of daily service shall be as beautiful within the limits of their inforfeiture of charitfor the public tended use and without This is fortunate
which is unattainable They more than a thousand
come, too, from
It is no less fortunate be developed become among
for the craftsdesire that and of modern that comsuccessful never has the people, part
of ancient Iran, in the vicinity the flocks feed at an altitude The wrought for priceless silken
man and for those who earnestly beauty an integral
sand feet above the level of the sea. carpets and for the tomb for the mosques to cover royalty. of the
it may not be disputed the mood endeavor, necessary for
One million dollars is said to have been paid a carpet prophet, and although the greater part of
is the foe of peace, of simplicity yet prosperity
this price represents
the value of the inter-
harmed anyone,
except as it has encouraged
REVIVAL
idleness by lessening tion. only the need for
OF HANDICRAFT
producan important craft. Beyond influenced They question, the various Expositions and the public. direcwhich have been held in America have deeply the craftsman have led the former in practical factor in the revival of handi-
That kind of harm, however, will not the productions of those so inspired, To the enmore : whose rightly shown, is
he suffered by those who love their work, and mark the happy always revival of handicraft. and is often is something To one
every artist, appreciation, a fine stimulus needed. couragement it is
tions and toward useful ends; but their best and most powerful They have, influence has been exof public and force taste. of eserted upon the development development. demand, may Ry weight
To the artist-craftsitself.
man, public appreciation opportunity involve sacrifice working ductions personal
at the least, marked
stages of
materials are costly and whose prolabor other than his own, Demust cease. Every shinmeretriof The fussy ThC is not all-sufficient.
ample they have created a more enlightened and thus, if reasoning they display. the spirit of war is aroused it was to the several slumber, the gentle arts Therefore, some time prior period, and for in a circle a be forgiven, have stimulated
mand must exist, else supply The public and is subject
is, of course, of many minds to many wishes. Many
wider proper Whenever
ing shield has its reverse. is legion. hunger for
from its occasional inevitable Civil War, during that for
cious articles find ready sale, and their name The so-called art-departments stores are crowded. fish-nets and chromes, the department decorations ally removed find costly preferable ccpting deadly which spirit, the dom
of peace suffer neglect.
while the conflict was impending, to its close, art-production
its active
is by no means satiated. from the articles gratifying, which the forms older
years subsequent in the United importance popular position in the correc apJ
wcalthy-although or inharmonious
the price labels are usuin ill-chosen too often and clutter acwith or amid collections-far
States was a matter of little ise of the term-lacked The Philadelphia marked, -trongly of if, indeed, Possibly all Exit did its in-
to tile public ; that handicraft_lation, and, that so lacking,
display
to simplicity imitations
and sincerity: reproduce designers, place
was little practiscd. of 1876
accuracy preserve and giving
not cause, the L\ 4 .kening. fluence w:lk most ing the app. tainly, wrought the
without
renewing
felt in stimulat-
them ready while
ciatic.n of painting display many
; but, cerartisticallyThe
incongruous wealthy
surroundings. classes,
Others amohg acknowledging full freecompetent the de-
articles of use had a beneficial effect became a part of the betterment. now happily and
their own limitations to skilled and architects partment service. tressing
by granting permit
upon the aesthetic sense of the public. spirit of the exposition public Various followed clearly period. spirit, efforts and to its lasting in handicraft, of a share of
and thoroughly decorators,
store to obtrude
itself in table arof daily of the as
ticles, for instance,
and in objects
to the good of their projectors
In spite of these more or less disevidences, the better attitude and must be recognized
to the pleasure
the public,
owe their birth to this stimulating
public is obvious,
189
When Midway tures of
the demoralizing the Columbian
plensurcs Exposition
of the feashall
feet will be largely us, there is good straint is valunblc; of blame. as harmful so worthy Among ular beauty lives,
negative.
It will show is often
and of certain other doubtful the great
reason to believe, that re-
that overdoing
h avc been forgotten, indication of
enterprise possibilities. purcduThey the fine of trainto rebuilders.
as doing nothing,
if not, indeed, of the popof of our daily or more efof
will be rcnncmbered, perhaps, architectural erected The buildings, frank,
chiefly for its
the many indications of the or adjunct,
for temporary
appreciation as a part, none is more
importance
posts, wcrc necessarily cative to the majority indicated, ment, plainly form their
shams ; but they were of the visitors. decoration
and, in spite of their structure, enough, and
encouraging,
apt to result in good, of commissions forts of public buildings lic places. change such commissions general with beginning past long, stacles for
than the appointment the artistic the decoration
in their arrange-
to supervise
municipalities,
results obtainable, plan lations
when architects the work of
and the adornment
of pubto
ing and acknowledged and to direct Moreover, by revealing
skill are employed the harmonious the painter
It is questionable conditions. their
how rapidly But, certainly, they of very of obas the at the
will be able materially appointment, the repetition before such
which can and should exist between and the aponce with the art of the architect, they the development demand. Such of tasteful, influence,
the arts of the sculptor, decorator influenced preciative asserted, force.
should be able to prevent offenses, they and, may effect
possibly, beauty:
the removal
to municipal
does not easily or quickly
lose its Expoalof
statues in which patriotism heroic expense of cultivated representatives themselves. taste.
and admiration The appointis an act of the therefore, it
deeds have been exalted
At the more recent Pan-American sition though for at Buffalo, widely gardening causing no different,
less important, was the exhibit of
ment of these commissions
of the people;
landscape without
and the suggestions scenery natwill be or foshometo doubt. attack upon
may be said that it is an act of the people To say that the act of appointthat the results dcfeeling, of a Other mcnt, is more important it is a manifestat.ion wish for better things fication in one way manifestations appreciation
the artistic
rearrangement violent That
ural conditions. permanently tering environment, The response a demand
this exhibit in promoting
pcndent upon it is not too bold a statement ; of proper or which will find gratianother.
effective there
for more beautiful is no reason manifested. altogether at St.
and appreciation
of the pubtoo early Louis, of to will of ef-
abound of the sentiment and to which reference made. reshas already
lic were agreeably It is, of course,
been so insistently
say in what direction Purchase Exposition,
the coming
Louisiana
While it is inevitable that the palatial structures should exhibit the highest
idences of the very rich and other important attainment of our architects, to observe that regard it is more agreeable for fogm and proper
mark or direct the growing appreciation; and intention indicate
development
but the reports
progress
that its salutary
tlccorittion homes, which might and beauty &onc. stantly
fiIldS aptly
expression
in
simpler
to manufacturers tcrpriscs working employ oughly arc yet

find,
of silver ware, whose onrepresent large outlay.
and that, even now, in city streets, be termed architectural ORSCS of charm
necessitat.c large capital and whose materials designers trained, find good reason to with t,radition, to sccbk inspiraIl1:IIiUf:lc:t,llrcrs protlucctl by llillltllPd,
deserts, there arc occasional wherein love cannot Time &ending
Yet these manufacturers
. . . laid cvcry
influence. which arc
of talent, who, while thorconversant Thcsc articles
fail to wield a con-
and happy
able and willing Nature. that
In furniture, adjuncts, ity, pleasantly handicraft. furniture enough
and the textiles
t,ion from
one of its component tlic growing
parts or its nccessarp dei~i:~nd for simplicbcaut,y, is no less of
moreover,
1~nllllllC~~:Llld Cliasing-tool jccts only iuost indicative
skilfllllp
w&h the resultant Although, displ:Ly-room,
gain the highest favor ; that, iutlectl, the ol)of 1liLlldiClYlft arc%not tlian tlrc machinefrotll :L bet,tcr artistically
shown than in other bran&s there arc
to be sure, in every pieces wish that the hoofs on var-
made articles,
but, arc also bcttcr
to make the observer
business point of view. T,acc makers arc 110~ VCP_V sllccc~ssflll, if their product,s IlilVC! artistic whatcvcr thy This ViIlllC. lll(L pul)lisliers of hoks, iiiuy be tlic llave hccn has
woodman had spared the tree ; that their adhesive glue were still in countless Western useful nish had been pcrmittcd purpose ter articles are supplied t.o indicate important vidual feeling, the higher indication, which plains ; that their disfiguring in tropical forests; demand. however, shall
to serve its original yet bctA exists, more pcrin sufficient number
literary value of the works whicll they issue, have recognixcd-perhaps, forced to recognize-mtlw bct,tcr workmanship. binding since. public demand for demand bet t,cr press t11osc \VllO to advertise arc, their
been met by bcttcr typograplly, work and bcttcr obtained issue books a decade Evrn
haps, in the demand for furniture design present technical skill, and
of indiartistic for
tllan tllosc wllich
a regard
intended
merely
suitability. In stained glass, small windows orations people sess appropriate are offered qualities of and dccof the and to the homes design, material,
their wares, find that the more artist,ic, and thcrcforc, more attractive these publications they :~ccoiiiplish the more certainly cffcctivcly purpose. It is to English WC mainly worthp life. that beauty discovery, pottcrics of that at, present, services as are those ~110 desire by the lend is 191 owe such table be given arc read and the
for selection, ,which posto those of more imPurveyors of personal of jewelry, adornment, to in design
do they
manipulation and other claim for
superior articles
portant productions.
the attention In various ways:
now deem it wise, in their announcements, their wares excellence and workmanship, the monetary cious metals. Important as is the support
a share in our daily by inhcritancc, have gained decorators or by pur-
rather than to dwell upon
by wise assimilation, potters
value of their gems and preof the public so
chase, the English most valuable
secrets of glaze and method. The glory of Shres
The best and most artistic them their talents.
to all artist-craftsmen,
it is particularly
THE
no more predominant, of Continental portant America,
merit
CRAFTSMAN
present time, hc will be certain of appreciation as well as for to obtain some nicasurc and plcasurc,
and the productions In

0th
potteries are no longer so imas once they were.

in them
: :t sentiment
the advancc-
artistically
which will be operative iiicnt of his craft.
for his own welfare
table wares arc produced if not, That indeed,
which,
no doubt, arc serviceable ; hit is rare, condition. lacking.

})OlXrq'
altogether
Ijut, certainly, services
t.his is only a temdemand exists for by tlic of such articles imwith which they with the
TllC
these superior ported,

ilIT
is evidenced
nmribcr and the quality

and by
I I
ture
in tWCIlty-five, Yet
is not often
StiLyillg 1llUCll
iu the U&cd
in less tlic 0llC Oneida same
St,ates that
place foi
there is a record of any piece of furnillunclrctl C:o., SCiLrS.
the pleiMlllY2
regarded
by those acquainted mill follow of American ways their The potteries of after
West.ernvillC, an old
N. Y., is a
collections American
of a few important supply
l~ouscs.
there is away,
grandfathers
clock ticking position
the de-
which with the new year of 1903
mand, and production another triumph Indeed, ticles, worthy of their American purposes in other
in this branch will be handicraft. arthe and of

Tl1cv .
said to have stood in its present hundred years. venerable William Declaration the clock. thousand-acre the Indians remain Floyd, of time-piece was built
The home which holds this by General of the and the old as well as of a tcnfrom one of the signers
and in other have shown projectors, productions
Independence,
have proven
by successful
results the skill charm and
house has weathered Built
the storms
craftsmen.
in the center
of these potteries havccharacter, have been described ods of the potteries
trace of land acquired in 1788,
grace ; but they need no mention here. treated,
the lands have gradacres still homestead. and there reand necessary the old
in detail, and the methin recent nunsIt only remains to
uitlly been sold, but four hundred surrounding The old mansion is well preserved, hare been no changes pairs. It is of its interior furnishings beyond Colonial
bcrs of The Craftsman. --most further notably
add that the success of these establishments that of the Rookwood--is appreciation himevidence of a po$ular no
architecture,
form a feast for the There are some rare from England to and was left of General The house belongs Sic&,
of handicraft. In truth, self from to do so. pression, inan can emancipate his own time and place ; but of should now least wish desired csof the the public For if, in pursuing
lovers of the antique. pieces of furniture over a century ago.
imported
ill1 men t.hc craftsman
the widow of Admiral lrcr by her father, Floyd.
the grandsort
he will trust
192
FROM
GEORGIAN
TIMES
and favorably other branches hold direction The from They of expenditure both influence of housein the ccon-
omy and refinement. present a wholly represent illustradifferent objects by tions have been selected class of cabinet-making. such as are purchased well-read ing by from contact
more or less refined and people : rangthose with the whose good
eyes have heen educated models to those who, by imitating FROM GEORGIAN EVERAL man chairs, TIMES. quired, or arc in process of selections have acsome of connoisseurs, degree of knowledge months since The Craftspresented sideboards pretentious illustrations of and other necesfurniture, offered in pieces An examination in illustration might
gaining
S
comfort tation who
and taste themselves. of the pieces here shown lead to the objection built of mahog-
that they, being necessarily therefore, A
sary articles of household
any, can be owned by the affluent only, and, can have no place in a plea for the of good household argument might art. be urged popularization further
hclected from
the shops to buyers whose desire for display blinds them to all considerations and beauty. was accompanied are largely drawn The of fitness, presen-
by a plea from the
for the education working governed which
of such buyers,simplicity they
classes,-toward
of taste ; since, were their purchases by this consideration, objects be durable, material ; would acquire would simplicity structure would of daily use, because of which
can not mask faults and very
eventually
please their ownunobtrusiveness,

193
ers by their
FROM
GEORGIAN
TIMES
class of Ame&an seekers of
as a large
Colonial furniture have come to regard him. The qualities sought by Chippendale in his cabinet-making adaptability fisst glance. were beauty, strength and to use, and that all three are The eye follows with extreme or cabriole leg,
present. in this example is evident at the pleasure the bandy
carved at the exact point where heaviness of effect is desirable, and ending in the balland-claw foot, which accents the idea of stability. The same union of beauty and strength occurs in the splat, which is joined to the back of the seat, thus giving firmness to what were otherwise the weakest point of the chair. The models which we are examining were not created in order to provoke comment They were the reupon their originality. sult of study, intelligence, enthusiasm. All the famous Georgian cabinet-makers, beginning with Thomas Chippendale, wrote treatises upon their craft, which they regarded as a special branch of architecture, and as worthy of parent art itself. serious consideration as the The brothers Adam were, as the London Theater district could It was against this unforstructural device that Hepplewhite
tunately rebelled, not only separating the splat from the seat, but even cutting away the back at this point, and so produc-
indeed, architects,
about the present Adelphi
once testify ; while Hepplewhite and Sheraton were as studious as their predecessors, although the first, through his love of the graceful, often turned aside from the strict laws of construction. In examining the examples which we have chosen for illustration, it is well that we proceed according to the fame of the models after which they were made. The first to be noted are therefore the two arm-chairs built in the style known as Chippendale : one of them being fully typical of its designer,
196
THE
CRAFTSMAN
as restricted greatest century. to the productions of the it is cabinet maker of the eighteenth As a most familiar object,
ing a chair which, although graceful, was But with Chippendale extremely. fragile. the regard for beauty and strength was the same and the two qualities are always closely joined in his work. In borrowing the clawand-ball foot from the Dutch joiners, refined and developed the original design. giving solidity to the splat, hc In
here introduced to show the wide prevalence at that period of good designs, which cxtended, as one writer has remarked, to the furniture used by poor people. And in support of this statement it is but necessary to add that the model of the wooden-seated chairs with railed backs and sides, known under the name of Windsor, and now so highly prized, is said to have been found in a peasants cottage by one of the Georgcs, in a stroll about the village of the Merry Wives. This anecdote, whether it be a legend, or yet the statement of a real occurrence, is equally significant, and constitutes in itself an argument for simplicity factor in good art. The sideboard standing as our first illustlation, is of a later period than the chairs, since Chippendale, in works of similar character, never went beyond the serving table. The slightly swelling forms and particularly the different planes of the various compartments of this piece point to the inmuch upon the subject of perspective. inet making, fluence of Sheraton, who thought and wrote This as in all other branches of as a
he was rare-
ful to embellish it with piercings wrought in infinite variety of floral or purely linear Furthermore, he echoed his prinforms. cipal lines in his details, so binding together the parts of his design and m&king it capable of exciting instant admiration. The other chair, with its straight legs and cross-braces, is not recognizable, like the other, by every one who knows the name of It belongs to a later period Chippendale. of the artists life, and is not included in the famous book of designs which he published at the middle of the eighteenth century. There are touches of Continental influence in the arms, and such an infusion of lightness into the design as might at first cause But the changes question of its parentage. have not marred the structural qualities of Chippendale, and the piece remains firm and Something in the swell of the durable. lines would reveal its maker, even if its authenticity were not, as it is, established beyond doubt, while a close variant of the chair is treasured in a New England village. Qualities of excellent structure may be claimed also for the small round table with the pillar-and-claw recognize standard, in which we of a member of a large family
is a valuable study as showing that in cabcreative work, there are no abrupt changes, but rather a constant evolution which gradually changes the characteristics of a style; bringing certain points into prominence, diminishing non-essentials, and obliterating yet other original features. In this model Chippendales union of strength and beauty no longer exists, but the influences of the brothers Adam, Hepplewhite and Sheraton combine in presenting tistic object. a pleasing and ar-
old friends often yet seen in their original This, homes in Massachusetts farmhouses. too, is practically a Chippendale design, if we consider the name in its broadest sense: that is, as applied to a period, rather than
FROM
The circular pillars and double-bedded feet, animal is clearly Empire,
GEORGIAN
of the position center earlier,
TIMES
two of its six legs, whose by the drops from form, In its and this greatest or the the of too piece of a and of a equi-distant is still indicated of the piece. quaint
table, with its which is
cess of evolution
style known as English heavier than the French period,
wavy lines at points high-boy being reached
work of the same due to the influNapoleons to the reminisart of
but just as plainly society in and Egypt.
beauty :
ence upon campaign connoisseur cence, apart values. plicity from and
reminiscent
Therefore,
Dutch house-fronts, free and fantastic that good simple
and, later, becoming in outline. of the modern adaptation pure actually
the table is a historical as it should its artistic and while
It may fur-
which,
be, stands quite serviceable simto atadding claims
ther be said in favor model, of
it is no inaccurate an antique to figure life.
It stands the test of solidity, convenience, details which gratify the highboy
but a reproduction
existing,
those qualities tention other, The from learned
the eye,
and worthy
in the setting
In concltision, or Georgian
story of Colonial
in our pages
as a piece of Colonial second to none chair. dates be [EDITORS Nom-The is so widely meaning, here to syllable used without its term high-boy knowledge Its of its last
cabinet-making
unless it be to a Chippendale individual the from piece here illustrated 1730-1740, the broken-arched types decade
that it may not be out of place suggest derivation. word bois is the French (wood), the
as may
pediment. earlier the from
with the torch-like forms general making,
ornaments ; the straight being Following
which also occurs hautbois, boy
in the same combination instrument, into oboe. Highappro-
and the stepped-top trend of
in the name of an orchestral now Italianized and low-boy
of the same object. the high-boy
development
in cabinetin the pro-
were therefore
shot upward
priate names given by our ancestors to their household chests of greater or lesser height.]
the original
square chest, losing
197
THE BY \. THE THE
CALIi~OlLNIA GkX)HGI< SOUTHWEST time WHARTON SPANISII
MISSIONS. JAMES. OF MISSIONS
Rejoicing ident I~sucn diers, This sent
and grateful, Fathers work in Fcrmin
the earuest Francisco with
presde six solOn the
I th A
Luis Serra and
Stl.iLinCd
>llld Gregorio to begin occurred and

suddenly,
Amurrio, at, San Juan August,
Capistrano. work was auspicious, to lx San from
1775. October, scemcd
of the
founding relations
Fag3 h l,re:rking.
of
San
WCIY
thirtieth begun, when Diego. going

on
of the following everything

as
Obispo,
:~llllost
between SerlX for his comnlisimporto 1x2
Gorcrnor
if God news conrcrts the efforts.
lind ce:wxl came things were
favornl~lc, well.
tc>rriMe Ihcrc Sixty 3, and of their the Who
:~ppe:ws pl;lint. sionar_y, tant soldier, tlwi those duct restrained the of
to
have
had
just
c:nise
apparently
had been baptized at and strarito

\vas the of of sprinlipriestly of tllc th
I%0 religious
entliusiastic, of furthering work, believed
impulsive himself
desirous
Octolwr in
priests were
rejoiced alarmed &)rigincs

wll:lt
the success hack hostile. gtw kneel

ling
But tlic Indians white-faced
by a cold-blooded, to rvlioin routine s:~lvation his his fellow soldiers the work hc and
and
official-liiindctl Indians. his letters Scrr;l and
mountains were these their tt strange

that niystic The
was more importiuit the

opened
of
causing hefore
of with
brother God?
C~Otllpli~illCd that
F:tges
niissi0n:rrie.s when their of the interfered devoted
; that
niissionarics with
hc
tricmiing
cerwion~ demon in tlw
supported
evil conthe
wb2r? was
rcndcrctl
,jcaIousy
t~wakencd
hasts men-of
un:kr-ailing ni:kn:;geiiwnt iii& sions. In tention c:A the
; tli:ct
tingNi7~cl,slIe,c--tlle tritws ahit
medicine
of the stations
and the punishto his own of the Alisreccivcd Kivcra wxc of the the at-
San
Diego, attack
who which
arranged sliould colijurers, after fired
a ritl 1lw tllc itnd

of
of ncopllytes,
ficrcc
nwn
midnight of the bad
uses the propert,_v main,
f:wilitics complaint
and
tllcm forever Exactly haptisln night, the cnctl csritcd Arrow

011 the
of tlicsc :l month
foreign and
medicine. a day were converts, buildings of Spanish

tllc?
this
from
the Junta. removed, Governor money the
in Mexico. in his place.
ITages y ManMore plwctl to adtliHe the iiiiThis is
of the sixty the mission persons

fhlCS :mtl
at the dead of blood awrkensued. roared following ceased the t)ody from and
and
was ultim:~tcly :Lppointcd rrtission:~rics, proceed tional also powers portant

iL
elcrcn by
and supplies
yells
one
of ZLl1ordc conflict side, gun-sliots
ilt ScrriLs dispowl, to missions ol~t:~incd
and he was authorized cst:d~lislmicnt he l~d from pl:~nnctl.
savages.
0h.T;
A fierce while the fell.
wcrc fired on the and lighted lmstilities
which authority
fl:ut~cs The had
in Both
liiglicst
ncconi~):lliilrlciIt Intli:ws morning, the Father

so
the scene.
of the (liurcli s:~crwiient generally

iLIld his mid
to administer only
as the of
and Sp:kards wllcn had
of confirmation. conferred
but
rigllt,
upon
I)ishop
enemy
withdrawn, creeli, from eighteen
of head
hishop
was r:iw,
supwiors, tlic visits
(l;lliforni:t
JILU~C was discovered with t)lous
in the dry twd clubs,
so rcniok
of a neiglif~oring to foot naked, and bearing
Inwised stones
it was privilege
dcetrictl to Serru.
appropriate
to
gr:lnt,
this
arrow
wounds.
199
Bells of San Juan Capistrano
Mission
The sad news was sent to Serra, and his words at hearing it, show the invincible missionary spirit of the man : God be thanked ! Now the soil is watered ; now will the reduction of the Dieguinos be complete ! At San Juan Capistrano, however, the news caused serious alarm. Work ceased, the bells were buried and the priests returned. The next Mission to be established was that of San Francisco. Captain Anza selected a site near a spring and creek, which was named from the day,-the last Friday in Lent,-Arroyo de 10s Dolores. Hence the name so often applied to the mission itself : it being commonly known even to-day as Mission Dolores. coo Lieutenant Moraga
was ordered by Rivera to establish a fort on the site selected by Anza, and on July t-26, 1776,-that memorable year in American annals-a The next day, a building of tules was begun and on the twenty-eighth of the same month mass was said by Father Palon. In the meantime, the vessel San Carlos was expected from Monterey with all needful supplies for both the preeidio and the new mission, but, buffeted by adverse winds, it was forced down the coast as far as San Diego, and did not arrive outside of what is now the bay of San Francisco unti1 August 17. The two carpenters from the San Carlos, with a squad of sailors, were set to work on the new buildings, and on September 17 camp was pitched there.
Ruins of San Juan Capistrano a01
THE
the foundation took place. of the British cenaries, York ceremonies army, of
CRAFTSMAN
but, owing formal October brother, 9. to the absence Happy of Moraga, friend the until and dedication Palon, did not take place was Serras to celebrate of the church high
the presicEio merof
On that same day, Lord Howe with his Hessian in the city of New
was rejoicing
mass at
in anticipation 17,
of an easy conquest the day, day father, of the Saint
this dedication
named after Cambon,
tlie army of the revolutionists. September maha of stigFranyear ! imagine dreams not, could our seraphic
the great founder Noccdal To-day tllc clanging

Cill'S. All
of his order, and none the Fathers
less so were his assistants, and Pefia. the Mission
cis,--1~1c1I1or~~l)lc tlic importance of the most
memorable The
is within a square of cable strucwith space is built
I,ittle did that band of Spaniards of their act! vivid imagination would
1~11sof the San Francisco the surrounding stone and adobe-covered Mission, brick together
over. wooden, days.
The
have conceived what the course of a hundred and twenty-five roundings Orient, climbed, building, cnterpriscs inhabitants years show on the to tllc site of their insignificant, the home of echoing camp and its surhalf a million
ture which now occupies t&-roofed A modern the graveyard,
the site of the old from old rises at its ago, the
is a11 that survives church
: a great city, the *tCWiLy

nearly
side, and there where, a century homes of the Indians shops and forges Catholic Just before and looms,
; the hills which they laboriously

the clangor foundries of bells ; the and great shipinto the ships of
stood, with their worknow stands a of the Mission Fathers witadvanced and vigorIndians ; them Months rc-
bustle of factories,
school building. the founding battle. the Spanish of San Mateo the San Francisco
sugar-refining
and other gigantic
; the silent bay changed

place of a thousand
of San Francisco, nessed an Indian from the region attacked ously
busy merting
Natives
aI1 nations and tonnages. It Was tllC cstablishnicnt followed 9, which r0111:t11w. by that predestined Of tlliLt plXSitliO, on October and of the Mission
burning tllc
their houses and compelling shores of the bay.
t,lre name of the future
to flee in their tule rafts to the islands and opposite before clapsed turned, these defeated Indians
great An&can
city, born of adventure
and thus the Fathers of their souls.
at San Ranto work

SCYlX
F
and clay
cisco were afforded ATHERS July. Ialon Aided thirt,y of by by and (ambon hat1 i\Iorboth wit11 of St. for the salvation In October paid been hard at work since the end of Licutcnant fifteen feet, On from feet long,
an opportunity
of the following
vcar,
his first visit to San Francisco, mm tlic Golden be to God Gate, that 1~ now
and ~11et1, csour
aga, tllcy built a church fifty-four a house and structures 3, the day Francis, were brought being roofed bunt,ing wood,
sai(l nlass on tllc titular saints day. standing clairncd filtllcr,
plastered
: Thanks
St. Francis,
w-it11 tules. and flags
October the ships
with the holy continent.
proccsTo go
preceding
the festival
sional cross of Missions limit of the Californian farther
has reached the last
to decorate
the new building;
hc must have boats.
CALIFORNIA
MISSIONS
Santa Cmz Mission, now destroyed
T
They
HE same month in which Palon dedicated the Northern wending Juan Mission, their way Capistrano, found from the the Serra, with Father Gregorio to San Amurrio
planted brush Virgin,
the cross, erected an enrama.da, or shelter, Santa and on January Clara, 12, 1777, the new Mission to the one of the early conBy the end of bap-
said mass, dedicating verts of Francis the year,
and ten soldiers, S L <an Diego foundation year previous materials Mission. and With
of Assisi.
of which had been delayed by the San Diego without delay
there had been sixty-seven 3, 1777,
massacre. the
tisms, eight of which were of adults. On February of Alta or Neve, Rivera. Angeles, the pueblo gels. For days Father among River. definite many of the years,-indeed Jesuits,-when ever since the the revered missions the Pimas, arrived the new Governor Felipe de and superseded the pueblo title of the AnNucva California, established
disinterred
the bells and other buried founded his customary zeal, Serra 1,
at Monterey
caused the bells to be hung and scunded, and said the dedicatory 1776. The original mass on November location of this Mis-
He quickly the latter
of San Jose, and, a year or two later, Los under the long Sehora, Queen of of Nuestra Lady, reina de 10s
sion, named by the Indians proximately frightful it. Aroused lishment was found the Indians they named of by orders Rivera the eighth had four Tares. from whose pathetic
Sajirit, was apof the
the site of the present church, ruins speak eloquently earthquake which later destroyed Viceroy BucaA place and which Tom&
Angeles,-Our
Kino was at work among the Yuma Indians
rclli, Governor
hastened Mission.
the estab-
it had been purposed
to establish
on the Colorado was anything Francisco Then,
near the Guadalupe rancher&, Here
River, where
But not until 1775-6 accomplished.
Father
GarcCs (the diary of whose various expedi403
tiotih
\ViLS
rrccntlp
published)
and
TOIdS
With founded
these sad events in mind the Fathers San Ruenaventura Serra sermon. himself The on M&A the came 91, dcdifrom preached Indians
Eixarcll
visited the Yumas,
on the site of
wllat is now the United States Indian School, and were well received by a local chief named 1iLlnla. The order for the cstablishmcnt on March 20, 1780. of ltlissions :Lt this point was ultinlately (&3ieral (rois, fateful stubbornness t,his man, conditions, given by With the
178%
catory their
picturesque
conical
huts of tule and of the Cross, and was lnrgrr in Caliwith numbers of Santa
straw, to watch the raising the gathering than fornia; at any previous together month,
at this dedication ceremony
unfamiliar ordcrcd
with the dnngrrons introduction elsewhere.. t,ogcther different live promiscuously
more than seventy
Spaniards
of a system of n~:uingen~cnt alfrom that which obtained and Spaniards in the pueblo. no temporal Indeed, and of were to There conIndians
their families, of Indians, The Rarbara next
with large
being there a.&embled. the presidio and later the MisSerra visited all the confirmaat Monand in January, the two Northern His last days
was established,
was to be no distinct mission for the former, and the priests were given trol over their converts. modern tors and military named La situated Tndian later, town, where lived in proximity, teachers, Purisima now it was a natives as passemi-
sion of the same name. In the end of 1783, Southern 1784, terey. Missions returning friend Missions to administer to San Carlos
colonists
tion to a11 the neophytes, he returned Then he visited
with the priests under a kind The
government.
pueblo
was
of Santa Clara and San Francisco, home in June. Crespi, by the death of his beloved and embittered authorities for His last act was face of Nature.
Conception, stands.
GWC&
and was nm 1 A little de Ricuficr side. unfordestined of
on the California school
side, where the
were saddened
and brother,
Rarrcncche
were its missionaries. y San Pablo
by contests with the military what he deemed the right. look out upon the beautiful its wealth of verdure, -all on gave joy earth ing to his bed, he fell ended. Valley, Hc and friend (armrlo rests. Palon
San Pedro
was established, These tunate
some eight or t,en miles farestablishments, in colonization
to walk to the door, in order that he might The ocean, the sky, the trees, the valley with the birds, the flowers Returnby his now asleep, and his work in the to his weary eyes. was buried niission dust t.here his
ther down the river, on the California were fateful experiments
to offer sad proofs the Yumns, anything martyrdom butcheries. Governor terrific awful slavery
was
of t,he determination to others. preparat,ions soldiers men met
shown even to-day, of their belief and finally Priests, Rivrrn
not to yield They for and an to a This
were the scenes of pathetic
at his bclovcd
of rnde and terrible settlers, perished in the
himself Forty-six
His successor as the president sions was Fermin Francisco the time of his appointment, in charge at San Diego. the directorate San Fernando,
of the Misu-ho, at
attack. fate more
Lasuen,
and the women frightful the Yumas. than
were left death.
was the priest College of
He was elected by Feb-
the last &tempt
made by the Spaniards
of the Franciscan
to missionize
in the City of Mexico,
CALIFORNIA
ruary 6,1786, appointment; cised. and on March X3,1787, according the Sacred Congregation at Rome confirmed his to him the same
MISSIONS
ocean and islands beyond. look, it is doubtful equals it. December 4,1786. Various obstacles had been placed in the way of the priests. Governor Fages wished to curtail their authority and sought to make innovations which the Fathers regarded as Indeed, for outif any other Mission dedicated on
It was formally
right of confirmation which Serra had exerIn five years this Father confirmed no less than ten thousaptd, one hundred thirty-nine persons. Santa Barbara was the next Mission to
Wine tans at San Josh Mission
be founded. beautiful
For awhile it seemed that it at Montecito, now the of its suburb
detrimental in the highest degree to the Indians, as well as annoying to themselves. and humiliating It This was the reason of the Mission. Its site
905
would be located
and picturesque
larger sister; but President Lasuen doubtless chose the site the Mission now occupies. Well up on the foothills of the Sierra Santa Inez, it has a commanding view of valley,
long delay in founding Santa Barbara. was the same with the following It had long been decided upon. was selected.
The natives called it Algsa-
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Saint Augustine, I said mass, and raised a cross on the spot where the establishment is to be. gladly Many gentiles came, old and young, enlist under the Sacred Standard. September 25, Sugert, an assured of both sexes, and showed that they would Thanks be to God ! On Sunday, Indian chief of the neighborhood,
It was to be dedicated to the most cupi. pure and sacred mystery of the Immaculate Conception of the most Holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Queen of Heaven, Queen of Angels, and Our Lady : a name usually, On December 8, however, shortened in common parlance to La Purisima Conception. 1787, Lasuen blessed the site, raised the Cross, said mass and preached a sermon ; but it was not until March, 1788, that work on the buildings was begun. An adobe structure, roofed with tiles, was completed iu 1802, and, ten years later, destroyed 1)~ earthquake. At this time, several shocks occurred ; the last one throwing down the walls of the Mission and those of all the other buildings, including the houses of the neophytes. The earth yawned and emitted water and black sand : the crevice thus made on the hillside behind the church having never closed. Subsequent floods completing the destruction of the building, the spot was abandoned, and, in November of 1818, a church on the present site was begun. In 1884, the Indians revolted, drove out the priests, captured the buildings and held possession of them for some days. In these disturbances the second church was dambuilding of the present church, which was dedicated on October 4, 1825. Nine years later, it was secularized, and thus it will be seen that its short existence was varied and turbulent. The next Mission founded by Lasuen was that of Santa Cruz. On crossing the coast range from Santa Clara, he thus wrote: I found in the site the most excellent fitness which had been reported to me. I found, beside, a stream of water, very near, copious and important.
206
by the priests and soldiers that no harm should come to him or his people by the noise of exploding formal founding. (ommandant foundation. gunpowder, came to the Mass was said, a Ye took posthe
Iileum chanted, and Don Hcrrnencgildo Sol, of San Francisco, session of the place, thus completing
To-day nothing but a memory remains of the Mission of the Holy (Iross. Lasuens third Mission was founded ill this same year, 1791. He had chosen a site, called by the Indians Chuttusgelis, and always known to the Spaniards as Soledad, since their first occupation of the country. Here, on October 9, Lasuen, accompanied by Fathers Sijar and Garcia, in the prescnce of Lieutenant Jose Arguello, the guard, and a few natives, raised the Cross, blessed the site, said mass and formally established the mission of Nuestru Senora cJela Soledad. One interesting entry in the Mission books is worthy of mention. In September, 1787, two vessels belonging to the newly founded United States sailed from Boston. The smaller of these was the Lady Washington, under command of Captain Gray. In the Soledad Mission register of baptisms, it is written that on May 19, 1793, there was baptized a Nootka Indian, twenty years of age, Iquina, son of a gentile father, who in the year 1789 named Taguasmiki,
aged beyond repair: a fact which led to the
On August 28, the day of
CALIFORNIA
was killed by the American edly Gray), Captain belonging years no of Washington, Boston; For founded: templated, reasons. six new Gret (undoubtthe vessel called of
MISSIONS
hard to believe that he would not have knowr more of the interior been forced Various nearest locations Governor, proval country, even had he alone. to make the explorations investigations in order for the proposed Borica, who
to the Congress
were made by the to select the best missions, in turn and, in
* : mIssIons
acre
priests
then,
in 1791,
four
were establong conof a variety
lished, and one in 1798. x These, were delayedfor It was the purpose established,
1796, Lasuen reported the results to the new communicated them to the Viceroy was given establishment in Mexico. APand orders issued for the
of the Fathers
to have the new missions farther inland than those already that they might
of the five new missions.
reach more of the natives: in the valleys hills. were
those who lived that thr knew Bay is as
On June 9, 1797, Lasuen left San Francisco for what is now the Mission then called the Alameda. The San Josh, following
and on the slopes of the footmen of the presidio They Even in 1.794, No exploThis shown by
And yet it must be confessed not zealous explorers.
Fathers and the military
day, a brush church was erected, and, on the morrow, the usual foundation curred.
SOI11.
ceremonies oc-
little of the inland country. were almost rations in marked the early Kino charge, unknown contrast explorers
The natives named the site OroyBeautifully situated on the foothills, peak near by, it offers an portion of Bay region. At first, a structure visited was in
the eastern shores of the San Francisco to them. even had been attempted. to the spirit Had
with a prominent the San Francisco ,a church; erected,
extensive view over the southern
and by such priests
wooden structure with a grass roof served as but later a brick which Von Langsdorff
and Garcks. during
the latter been in of office, it is
Lasuensterm
THE
1806. This has now totally
CRAFTSMAN
nurselings, the Indians, arc very seldom
disappeared however, re-
and a very modern church occupies its site. Some of the other buildings, Sisters, who have an orphanage ity. The chief attraction This ing buildings illustrated lies in the great wine main, and are now owned by the Dominican in the vicinwine tams, was made to the in the remain-
under the necessity of trusting
themselves
to the waves, and if such a necessity occur, they make a kind of boat for the occasion of straw, reeds and rushes, bound together so closely as to be watertight. they contrive called to go very shore to the other.
7mbxz
In this way one
easily from
herein.
Boats of this kind arc The oars conoccupant,s row on the
and sold throughout churches for rooted ; for, cently
the country
by the Spanish. which tlic
sacramental
uses, but, within Superior making reof for
the last few years, the vines hare been upas the Mother the said to the writer,
sist of a thin, long pole somcxhat broader at each end, with somctimcs other. For the nest Mission two sites were suggested ; hit, Hallesteros liousc, point as early rrectcd and as June 17, C~orpor;~l a church, missionaryat tbc guard-house San Bcnito. on one side, sometimes
wine is not an appropriate women.
occupation
granary
called by tlic natives Popcloutchom, Eight.
:nid 1)~ the Spaniards, and 3Iartiarcna, cated to tlie saint
dilys later, I,asucn, aided by Fathers (atal:i founded tllcl Mission tlcdiof that, day, San .Juao
Bautista. Nest singular the ea&st to us at this date that means of coilmiunicawere by water the Fathers had no boat says of in order, bctwccn tlic two nlissioiis of
San Antonio It seems :Ilthougli was that lrcnvenly aided number Mission tions. with detailed Miguel day hands
de Iadua most militia, San
and San I,nis Obispo, glorious prince of tlic Tla5siicn, of a large the cercmonv llr~s propordealing clmrcli~~s, of by
il
of the
Miguel.
t,ion between the missions of Santa Clara, San Jo& and San Francisco, and soldiers at San Francisco or vessel of any kind. this : Perhaps on the Bay of San Francisco,
by Sitjar, of Indians, form, a cvcntiially In
in the presence performed on July grew
in the usual
25, 1797. to large chapter, interior
Langsdorff
subseqrlent of the
the missionaries are afraid
the interiors description
of the Mission since as priests. ~was~est
lest if there were boats, they might facilitate the escape of the Indians, who never wholly lose their love of freedom and their attachment to their native habits; they therefore consider it bettor ,,x,G=o thnin x,LCc> C C...1llL L.lC.1nnrnrnxx-: \LIIIIIUIIIcation with one another to the means afforded by the land. :0!3 The Spaniards, as well as their
S~H tothe
will be given; almost exactly of the original
it remains
decorated
~~4&4krltand&ey on September
lhlmetz.
cstablishcd, re-
8, bv I,:~sucn, This
aided bv Fathc~
is the Alission recently
CALIFORNIA
stored by the Landmarks geles. After Lasuen for extended correspondence Borica, between and Governor a site called which de to disand San parlance Club of Los An-
MISSIONS
of San Antonio from San Luis evicted detached known de Pala, twenty miles east were or Agua Calientes, Warners Ranch. campanile, of the world. here, Club, they alof and Bishop Rey : to which place from belfry,
removed the Palatingwas, recently This which When or small chapel are
by the natives Tacayme, locating was to bear the nameof Francis. tinguish Thus it be&be
was finally chosen San Luis, Rey necessary (Obispo),
has the picturesque throughout
the next establishment,
the pictures
the Palatingwas
were installed
between the two saints of the same
they were much incensed to find the chapel under the control of Los though Conaty Angeles, most the kindly entertained of the Landmarks for whose president feelings, bitter
name: San Luis, Bishop has eliminated spectively Rey. Pegri Lasuen,
Luis, King ; but modern American San Luis with Obispo the
the comma, and they are reand San Luis honored Father the conducted by
ministrations appointed
of Bishop and they
(the recently
and Father
Santiago, glad
the diocese)
calmed their hostility
ceremonies concerned
on June 13, and the hearts of all were made the subscNo of fifty-four as Pegri. children. For
quent baptism
other priest beside Serra was so beloved and is now so honored Luis Rep, hc left sons, large trades. church To thirtyat San perSan Luis Rey Mission, aa restored in the model by Don Antonio Coronel
four years he conducted a population numbers this
the Mission
and, when finally driven from it, of five thousand of and mechanics day, many whom were blackin other the received the priest he sent to them with reasonable outraged distemper With branch greater cordiality, they have been of there again the inall the at t,he by the white-washing paintings the founding of the, work Bancroft placed l%gard
smiths, carpenters,
and buildings
which his unwearied of the Franciscans of the from
industry and zeal erected, as by far the finest architectural in California. its grandeur restoration, The working its former be changed tianizing young Father of monuments An idea may be gained and simple majesty Father OKeefe forces shown in the illustration. is now of at his disits work will and christraining of
terior of the chapel, which obliterated time of Pegri.
venerable
of San Luis Rey this of President regards Lasuen as a praise. him
with the limited greatness, from Indians
posal to restore the Mission to something although to the the education
t,erminated.
man than Serra, and one whose life. on June 26, 1803, of was
009
and work entitle him to the highest He died at, San Carlos Estevsin Tapis and was buried by the side of Serra.
priests for the mission field. to this Mission that founded the chapel Pegri, in 1816,
It was as an adjunct
now became president his direction
the Missions,
and under
THE
founded Santa Inez, virgin and martyr. sermon to a large congregation, Commandant 1804. Carrillo,
CRAFTSMAN
of day, not a brick of its walls remains: the only evidence of its existence being the few old pear trees planted early in its history. There are those who contend that San Rafael was founded as a direct check to the southward aggressions of the Russians, who in 181% had established Fort Ross, but sixtyfive miles north of San Francisco. for this belief, although There seems, however, to be no recorded authority it may easily be understood how anxious this close proximity of the Russians made the Spanish authorities. They had further causes of anxiety. complications between Mexico The and Spain, Under chain
the nineteenth mission, that
Tapis himincluding 17,
self conducted the ceremonies, preaching a on September
With Lasuen, the mission work of California reached its maximum power. Doubtless the fact that the original his immediate successors it began to decline. was completed, was an influence in the decrease of activity. For thirteen years there was no extension. A few minor attempts were made to explore the interior country, and many of the names now used for rivers and locations in the San Joaquin Valley, were given at this time. Nothing further, however, was done, until in 1817, when such a wide-spread mortality affected the Indians at the San Francisco Mission, that Governor Sola suggested that the afflicted neophytes be removed to a new and healthful location on the north shore of the San Francisco bay. A few were taken to what is now San Rafael, and while some recovered, many died. These latter, not having received the last rites of their religion, were subjects of great solicitude on the part of some of the priests, and, at last, Father Taboada, who had formerly been the priest at La Purisima Conception, consented to take charge of this branch mission. The native name of the site was Nanaguani. On December 14, Father Sarria, assisted by several, other priests, the ceremony of dedicat?on to conducted
which culminated in the independence of the former, and then the establishment of the Empire, gave the leaders enough to occupy their minds. The final establishment took place in 1843, without any idea of founding n new mission. The change to San Rafael had been so beneficial to the sick Indians that (anon Fernandez, Prefect Payeras, and Governor Arguello decided to transfer bodily the mission of San Francisco from the peninsula to the mainland north of the bay an d make San Rafael dependent upon it. An exploring expedition was sent out which somewhat carefully examined the whole neighborhood and finally reported in favor The report being of the Sonoma Valley.
accepted, on July 4, 18R3, a cross was set, up and blessed on the site, which was named New San Francisco. Father -explaining reasons for Francisco San Rafael Altimira, one of the explorers, presidente-Seiian that San now wrote to the padre
San Rafael Arc&gel. It was originally intended to be an asistencia of San Francisco,. but it was always governed exactly as the other missions, although there is no record that it was ever formally raised to the dignity
210
what he had done, and his so doing ; stating could no longer exist and that was unable to subsist alone.
of
an independent mission.
To-
CALIFORNIA
Discussion authorize followed, and Sarria, the suchimself cessor of Sefian, who had died, refused to the change ; expressing astonished at the audacity of those who had dared to take so important a step without consulting the supreme government. Then Altimira, infuriated, wrote to the Governor, who had been a party to the proposed rcmoval, concluding came to convert his tirade by saying: gentiles I and to estab-
MISSIONS
settled, was formally Sunday, April 4,1824, Indies. dedicated on Passion by Altimira, to San
Francisco Solano, the great apostle to the There were now two San Franarising from this conand ciscos, de Asis and Solano, and because of the inconvenience fusion, the popular names, Dolores
Solano, and later, Sonoma, came into use. This Mission is now in a ruined condition. For many years it was used as a hay barn, but in 1903 it was purchased by the Landmarks League of San Francisco for $5,000. It is to be repaired and converted into a museum. From the point now reached, the history of the Missions is one of distress, anxiety and final disaster. practically ended. Their great work was
lish new missions, and if I cannot do it here, which, as we all agree, is the best spot in California country. Governor Argue110 assisted his priestly friend as far as he was able and apprised Sarria, that he would sustain the new establishment ; although he would withdraw the order for the suppression of San Rafael. A compromise was then effected by which New San Francisco was to remain a mission in regular standing, but neither San Rafael nor old San Francisco were to be disturbed. It is not an inspiring subject for speculation. Where would the modern city of be, if the irate Father and San Francisco for the purpose, I will leave the
A few statements as to population at this period may prove of interest, as showing from what the Missions have fallen since 1320-30. In 1824 Sonoma had six hunneophytes ; San Diego, hundred twenty-nine. dred ninety-three
one thousand eight
In 1826, San Luis Rey had two thousand eight hundred sixty-nine. In 1824, San Gabriel had one thousand six hundred fortyfour, and San Fernando, one thousand twenty-eight.
plotting politicians of those early days had been successful in their schemes? The new Mission, all controversy being
811
TIXl-3 CRAFTSMAN
CHIPS FROM THE CRAFTSMAN great Birds, Craftsman, and model, by force Hans of thinkSachs, has qualof factors in the problem of creation. WORKSHOP HE insects and earthworms being, were enough
to fill his vision and his mind, to exhilarate his physical taining little and, best of all, to afdays of discouragein toil. He saw his and earth inas one bird the ing constantly of his great protoTeutonic ford him a lesson which should give him suspower brothers during of ment and of isolation stinctively often work was performing
1
ities.
type
assimilated
certain
Confined to a limited space, and putthoughts
the air
ting aside, for the most part, his life of work. spring The
their tasks, all unposwhich great. calls The
the great world outside, he lives contentedly But as the days lengthen and the air becomes soft, the German love of invades his being and German songs other day, he was possessed he followed over by the over to rise to his lips. spirit of an old ballad, at his bench, again one another air and words, and, as he wrought and which were joined
sessed of that human sense of proportion, erring building as accurate, and singing, whose small and another existence,
fulfilling
ends of his brief human fellows. architect,
quite unlike the his work
love for
is lost in his hatinting on every side, curious of the grass, and feeding, without
desire to excel his flowers, choosing of their world. of their
The insects were awake and flying of the spring knowledge of fertility, in the vegetable and the tree-trunks;
in the closest sympathy:
Too narrow grow my heart and room; I hasten forth midst joy and bloom.
power as transmitters primary Finally, spurned whom importance and trodden they
He obeyed the summons and went into the open, that he might watch the looms of God as they were weaving ture. He was present of energy outworn life. he could and that great conservation mutation forms of of the new robe of Naat the operation of the new in ab-
the worms were delving were benefiting, labor, would cease. yet refuse
in the soil, eager which, in as
upon by the very men without
miracle called by scientists material Unlearned into
their infinitesimal we know,
: that is, the transin facts
the earth
to yield,
and all life eventually Unprofessional insects ars doctors eloquent, day and worms, degree. more caps
active
teachers these, the birds, unprovided with scholof the spring the the and destitute on that of toil
and theories, speculation,
not lose himself subjectively
become
and gowns And
sorbed to the point that lay about him. savant, processes limitations happy half
of ignoring
the beauty
yet they were more than
He could not, like the the marvelous by his the less from
persuasive man
pierce the secr&s of themate-
to the
simple
rial universe, half understand to thoughts
learned of the universities, arsenal and treasury knowledge, of the world. The Craftsman seen. bench, He confident., and consequently
who control
of Nature ; but restricted arising
of scientific and social the attention
sight of externals, also content, activities, 912
he was not, perhaps,
for this reason. and to leave
He was forced, but of small the unquestioned
believed what his eyes had with courage to his be, as every man should
to watch the working
returned
BOOK
and necessary ; above all, willing, Sachss son-in-law, Walter, in Meistersinger, to acknowledge Nature.
REVIEWS
sonnet ! Ahnost a new axiom is announced A picture is finished when about are a sitOne Incidents drags in the sentence:
that his part in the worlds work was actual like Hans Wagners that he
all trace of the means used to bring the end has disappeared. entertaining, as when Whistler
Id
put aside hard and fast rules to learn
wisdom from
tcr over Paris to find a brown necktie that just suits the rest of his brown garb. is reminded reading JAnres A. McNm~,r, Jcromc of Balzac chasing over streets, are ex-
BOOK
REVIEWS EU1LLIXTIONS SIOXS or Eddy.
many signs, to find a name that just The illustrations The book is artistic a French dic-
ANT) IS~PRFZS- fitted his creation. by its simplicity, proof-reader tionary his spelling. Philadelphia Company a $2.00.] had
cellent and w-cl1 chosen.
WI~ISTT,KR, by Arthur
but one wishes that the consulted an English one for
WC are such a busy peoto take our are in and
plc that we are quite inclined knowledge quotation popular Impressions by Arthur collection essays, which one book. ings of of rather books, demand. Warner The
and occasionally
in installments ; hcncc calendars, libraries Recollections
[Recollections and London:
of James A.
McNeil1 Whistler,
by Arthur Jerome Eddy. J. B. Lippincott 296 ; price,
of James A. McNeil1 Whistler, Jerome Eddy, incidents, than increasing is of this kind; extracts purpose interesting, through runs. AS so is the and short
; illustrated ; pages,
a biography
THE ART or ENGR~~VING. of new educational new form of college lecture system. mails, cended many nearer methods, fessor recites and the pupil
In this age
when the prosimply listens, a loaned the through
the man was always
It can bc read anywhere, at any time, curiosity which the pIot-novel Jerome Eddy. Whenever hide-and-seek the genius de-
has arisen-the
yet one can leave off and never feel the cravmands. Yet one wishes for more of WhistThe auaphe is be. the high art of Whistler sketch, ever must
By studying a lower grade to the lectures
clerk has asBetter It
proprietor.
ler, less of Arthur hiding pears nfany able. himself. in this as
than type-written some; it is usually understands of Engraving, dents text-book, many suggestions an expert implements them, especially illustrated,
is the book.
thor has not yet discovered
costs less for the student; his subject specially
it is less cumbcrbetter. compiled The Art
written by a person who as a stunot yet
charming,
of the WhistIcr In respect he says:
epigrams
are invaIukind of
offers much assistance and to the engraver This book gives the knowledge needed,
to the different After
pigments,
all, it is not so The wit When
in his art.
much what one uses, as the way it is used. A truth for life and all other arts. of Whistler is often shrewd wisdom.
to be used and the way to USC in mathematics. so clearly All are so well
the preliminary
Rossetti showed him a new picture, then read his sonnet on the same, Whistler Rossetti, take out the picture exclaimed: and frame the
given, that the reader Then it gives simple
cannot mistake them. first exercises,
so simple that if you fail in 213
THE
CRAFTSMAN
Charles Dickens was far from being an artist ; but he often used a phrase that just fits its object. Who ever walks over the Tiber to the Castle of St. Angelo without remembering that Dickens called those statues which guard the bridge breezy maniacs? In this book, he gives the Coliseum and its past in another phrase : A ruin, God be thanked, a ruin ! G. W. Steevens pictures the peculthat English iar charm of India in some of her temples; he also shows the incongruity enterprise and Indian magnificence make in their century combination. nineteenth Pierre Loti, in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, sees all the poetry that sentiTh&ophile Gauthe ment gives to the name; whether the actual spot be fa.ct or tradition. topic. tier g&s to Spain and takes its Giralda as a Its bronze statue overlooking Sierras and speaking fice. to the angels who
them you may as well surrender the art. The chief topic of the book is the engraving of letters: block letters, script, the looped, the fancy, the stalwart old English, and, finally, the fanciful cipher, until it seems as if all knowledge had been given that would change an amateur into an expert. graver, done.
SUCh
knowledge is valuable, not only to the enbut to one who wishes engraving It teaches one to know right ways. and to
To do any piece of work in its best way makes life better worth the living, know how to do a piece of work in its best way, simplifies the task of getting such work done. Therefore, this book is valuable to [The Art of Engraving : the owner of gold and silver, as well as the worker therein. A Practical Treatise, with Special Refer-
ence to Letter and Monogram Engraving. Published by the Keystone, Philadelphia ; illustrated; size, 6x9 inches ; pages, 199; price, $1 .OO.]
HISTORIC BUILDINGS."
passed we shall ever associate with that ediNo one quite equals Ruskin in discovplaces and showing us He gives ering out-of-the-way
One has only

BY GREAT
the beauty of that neglected field.
to look at the table of contents in HISTORIC BUILDINGS DESCRIBED ?TT~I~.~~~" to appreciate
us San Donato, at Murano, with all the sentiment of a fervid Catholic, a faithful Puritan and a true artist. One must seek the book for the continuation of this story. Works as great, writers as good, are to be found there. You can sit in your library and, with the best of gilides, make a tour of [Historic Buildearths noblest temples. ings, as Seen and Described by Famous Writers, edited and translated by Esther Singleton. Company ; New York: illustrated ; Dodd, size, Mead and 81,$x51/2
the value of this of the famous
book.
Here are forty-four
buildings of time described by a large and varied line of classic writers, so that each is seen in a different light. just how to picture John Addingarchitecton Symonds understands all art and knows a piece of ture, since this is the union of all the arts. Beautiful Orvieto is his best theme. -He shows us the church, a monument over a dead volcano, the elaborate faqadc like a frontisbeauty multiplied many fold, yet still beautiful. Then he gives us its pictures, from the angelic Angelico, the placid Bartolommco,
914
inches ; pages, 340 ; price, $1.60.3 Of the making of books on Oriental rugs there is no end. Mr. Mumfords Since the publication of elaborate volume in 1900,
piece,
the
turbulent
Signorelli.
BOOK
three others have appeared. these, How
by Mrs.
REVIEWS
THE
The latest of has just classiShe has
DESERT, by J. C. Van Dyke.
TO KNOW ORIXNTAL RUGS,
With sand and desert winds for his palette, the author of this book has painted a fascinating picture of the Colorado desert. beginning of the formation-how The a sea dried
Mary
Beach Langton,
come to our notice.
Mrs. Langtons
fication, by charts, is excellent. added to descriptions tory and geography.
of rugs, maps, hisYet this volume lacks
up; the gradual changes wrought by the winds; the desolation which finally reigned supreme,-are all told. But this grim waste of shifting sand is not unpeopled. There are plants, wolves, coyotes, deer, reptiles and birds, all engaged in a fierce struggle for existence. The special adaptation of each to his mode of life proves that in the desert only the fittest may hope to survive; for only those whose claws, color, or strength of limb mark them above their fellows can even gain food, to say nothing of being able to escape their enemies. The commonplace t,hings of nature-the sky, clouds, the light, air, and color-all seem endowed with beauties unsuspected by everyone save the author. Facts hitherto buried in government reports bccoine intensely interesting. We want to know how light makes color, how the wind levels mountains, and how prairie dogs live without water. These facts are explained with wonderful clearness and attractiveness Desert. in The *John C. Van Dyke. Scribners pgcs, Sons ; [The Desert, by New York: Charles
what all its predecessors have: the spiritual element in the Oriental rug. The antique rug is a religion wrought in color, and only some knowledge of the development of ornament will show how much more is meant in them than meets the eye. We are glad to have Mrs. Langton protest against the rugs made in factories, though by hand, under the supervision of Western merchants, with colors and figures ordered from America. This is almost worse than aniline dyes, for it is a desecration of the lofty ideas, held tenaciously by a people whose religion is seen at its very best in these fabrics. Every line, each figure, the varying colors,-all have a meaning to the Mohammedan weaver. The factory-made rug is a soulless subeven a copy. stance, not a creation,-not
We are also pleased to have Mrs. Langton value the rare old rugs of wool above the shimmer of silk: It is well for a rug-buyer to read every book published on the subject. Some help is to be gained from each. ot,her books. Mrs. in Langton has said some things not given in She is quite unprejudiced her estimate of the various kinds of rugs, :t11 d sccrm able to give each its true value, and about as clear a description as words can furnish for the indescribable things of beauty which are a joy forever. to Know Oriental Rugs, Langton. Company ; New York: illustrated ; [How and by Mary Beach D. Appleton size, 5Xx73/ J. C.
size,
43/4x73/~ inches ; 1,. B.
233 ; price, $1X5.]
ll~?: 01.n FURNITYJRE BOOK, by N. Hudson Moore, is a valuable addition to t.hc literature of the subject. It is a portable in size to or even vo1umc, sufficiently convenient to be held in the hand.
rest on the arm of a reading-chair, technical or descriptive work.
It is not a purely It resembles

916
inches ; pages, 238 ; price, $%OO.]
rather a book of annals, in which appear the
THE
people upon proper a of a past time, moving stage, and projected It offers concrete background. popular,
CRAFTSMAN
with profit the pages of the Old Furniture Book. gather (lolonial cessful Therefrom predecessors the cabinet-maker in the craft can and many reasons why his Georgian in their structure a
like actors against instruction kind not al-
of a special, Miss
were suc-
ready provided Singletons fathers
by such extended treatises as Furniture of our ForcFurni(lolonial
and their use of their patrons, in the
materials ; why they pleased The illustrations are
and Lockwoods
and why their fame and works are lasting. well-chosen st.rict sense of that much abused compound adjective; since they would give one ignortreated a of the results for composconfiby ant of the styles of the centuries explanatory from discussion text. arc types, This
ture in America. ardor
It will prove most interof hard study, certain flowers of facts. Yet this of
esting to that large class of amateurs whose cools at the thought and who desire to gather knowledge, highway of regularly-posed
rather than to travel the stony is not made in criticism of the book, Mr. It simply Moore,
definite idea, even if he were deprived excellence than the fact that the pieces rather
last statement the arrangement from being the character give
selected
which is far indicates acting in and is
desultory. which
ites, and it further teacher. N. Hudson profusely [The
serves to inspire
dence in the writer in his quality Old Furniture Philadelphia Moore. illustrated;
of a public Book,
the interest of the majority, to his studies centuries. clghteentli But
has chosen to the amateur
of the seventeenth
: Frcdcr-
ick A. Stokes
and C'ompany ; one vo1umc; price, $?.W.]
not the only type of reader who can follow
James McCreery & Co.

Upholstery Art Department. Stuffs for drapery or upholstery have been selected to blend with the latest Art Furniture and the new tones of wood in which it is reproguced. Taffetas, Fabrics. English
Among the latest are,-Scotch Cretonnes and Craftsman
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THE,
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CORRESPONDENCE
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
1mean these things to you-an assurance of health as far as lies in per1feet sanitation-comfort and pride in the luxury of their snowy purity and beautiful design-satisfaction at the cost. Lef USfellyou more.
If you are planning a partml or entlre equipment, our expert will gladly help you With the pr()blem We would also like to nitary designers nd you our book,
ccM6DkRN
BATHROOMS,
,w,;;&;;;;;:&r;
It is beautifullv illustrated. and &ves the eroert advice of gether with deialled prices. Free on request.
The fixtures in this bathroom cost approximately $94.00 at factory (not mcluding piping and labor). We are enthusiasts on Shower Bathing, and publish a readable book entitled For Heautys Sake, which not only gives our views but tells atmootthe St,&,& Portable Shower. Its free to all who love to bathe.
*O&.aand Stmmroom in %don:

PZ Holborn Vladuct
W.P.NELSON
197
COMPANY
:: :: :: :: CHICAGO
WABASH
AVENUE,
L ARE, A VALUABLE, AID TO THOSE WHO ARE. ,ENDEAVORING TO MAKE THEIR HOMES AN EXPRESSION OF THEIR HOME LIVES. QUPON RECEIPT OF A REQUEST AND DETAILS ABOUT THE ROOMS TO BE DE;CORATED WE WILL SEND SAMPLE;!3 OF
*ND
WALL PAPERS DRAPERIES
WITH SCHEMES FOR CARRYING OUT THE, HANGING. (LWE WILL SEND A REPRESENTATIVE, ANYWHERE WHEN THE NATURE, OF THE WORK REQUIRES IT. UHE WILL CARRY SAMPLES OF THE. LATEST DESIGNS, AND SKETCHES IN COLOR SHOWING MODERN IDEAS OF INTERIOR DECORATION AND FURNISHING.
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
We will make it easy for you to buy an OSTERMOORMattress To overcome the possible fears of any doubter
We Will Send C. 0. D.
o any point East of the Mississippi River, any OSTERMOOR you may ,elect from size list below-if you dont like it, simply refuse to accep t after examination. We pay all express charges and take 211 rigk >ur 30 nights free trial should calm the fears of buyers elsewhere The sale of more than
1
neans that the magazine readers are growing wiser and now realize hat no article could be as extensively and consistently advertised for s( ong a time if it were not genuinely good. The OSTEKMOOK Mattres: Lasreached that point in the appreciation of the people where it canno be said to have any competition.-30 Nights FreeTrial
Sleep on the OSTBRPOOR thirty nights free and if it Isnot even all you have hoped for. if you dont believe it to be the equal in cleanliness. dur%!t%~d zf:~::fez~ asked.
Send for Book nailed FREE
Church Cushions
We have cushioned ~~~000 Churches. We make and renovate quicker and cheaper than you imagine. Old cushions taken in exchange. Now is the time to make plans and get esti. mates for renovation during Spring and Summer. State your needs and send for our handsome Cushbook, Church ions-mailed free.
Our g6-page illuminated book, The Test of Time, treats exhaustively the mattress question, and gives scores of letters giving unanswerable 9 feet 6 &~te ride. $8.35 statements of praise from promment persops fully sf&v+,sblbr. 10.00 qualihed to make them. It also describes and *f-t4gte-, Il.70 beautifully illustrates OSTERMOOR Cushions and 4 t&a nMe. ;o ltd. 13.35 4& e4z dQ. 15.00 Pillows for Window Seats, Cozy Corners and Easy It is an Chairs ; Boat Cushions, .Church Cushions. All6fe8t.3iuche41ong. encyclopredia of comfort and good taste-may we Express Charges Previd. send it? Your name on a postal will do. Please In two pans. 50 cents extra. Special sires at wecial prices. send for it to-day, lest you forget.
Tl%YEk~;2ZiK:A --no questions
t Mattress4 Ortwcrmom.
New York
Look Out! Dealers are trying to sell the just as good kind. Ask to see the name *O~TERMOOR* and our tradeanal bel, sewn on the end. Show them you cant and won; be fooled. Its not if its nor an pressed. prepaid by us. same day check is received. Estnnates on cushions and samples of coverings by return mail.
Fdt
OSTERMOOR
& COMPANY.
Agency: The Alaska
124 Elizabeth
Feather
Street,
Montreal
Canndian
and Down Co.. Ltd..
Kindly mention The Craftsman
Waterways of the Southern Pacific

Elegant New Passenger Steamers
Weekly
Between
NEWYORK@NEWORLEANS
FIVE DAYS ON THE DEEP
with Connecting at New Orleans
SUNSET
For All
LIMITED
TEXAS, NEW and CALIFORNIA
l-HENCE
Points in LOUISIANA,
MEXICO,
ARIZONA
F GOLDEN GATE::E ORIENT

Steamers of the Pacific Mail S. S. Co.,
Occidental
Leaving
and
Sun
Oriental
Francisco
S. S. Co.,
Toyo Kisen Kaisha,

Ten I)ays
about Every
for HONOLULU,
YOKOHAMA,
All Pozizts
NAGASAKI,
in
HONG
KONG,
and
CHINA
FREE AND
and
JAPAN
PAMPHLETS, RESERVA. as follows: PACIFIC
FOR MAPS, TIONS,
ALL TIME
INFORMATION, TABLES, ANY
ILLUSTRATED STEAMSHIP
RAILROAD AGENT
ADDRESS
OF SOUTHERN
ITO Washington H9 - Broadway, 1)
Street, BOSTON NE\V YORK CITY
109 South Third Sreet, PHILADELPHIA 210 North Charles Street, BALTIMORE 129 South Franklin Street, SYRACUSE
The land of vineyards and orchar&, of shining sea and snow-capped mountains, health-giving air and revivifying climate, the vast health resort to which the American people repair each year in increased numbers, is best reached via
TheOVERLANDLIMITED
the luxuriously appointed daily train from Chicago. Less than three days en route;electric-lighted throughout. Its splendid equipment is the result of such painstaking study and liberal expenditure as to fully meet the requirements of modern travel on what is undoubtedly the most luxurious train in the world. Solid through train with buffet smoking car, barber, bath, unsurpassed dining car service, Pullman drawingroom and private compartment sleeping cars, superbly fitted library and observation car, with Rooklovers library, telephone, individual electric reading lamps and other devices for the comfort of travelers, eaves Chicago via the
ICAGO, UNION PACIFI NORTH-WESTERN LI yat 8.00 p. m. A second fast train to San Franci
d Los Angeles leaves Chicago daily at All agents sell tickets via this line.
I I.
35 p.m.
cent stamp for hooklet on California, or2 cents for pamphlet describing The Orerland Limited and the route.
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
An illustrated Monthly and useful character Magazine of the most fascinating
. . . . . For ALL the family
Summer
Exchange
of Children
By EDWARD Illustrations
S. MARTIN
by HENRY MCCARTRR A
Rare Antigue Furniture

at the St. Louis Exposition
By DOROTHY DIX. (r Illustrated
l#%a
#_Y=l
1
By
T..e Home tfieSchool of Cfiaracter

WILLIAM DEWITT HYDE, LL.D. President Bowdoin University rll
A Dainty Lowe Story &In Attracthe

Fully illustrated.
By ANNE
OHAGAN
Home
of Modern
BRAGDON
cost
By CLAUDE
rrYIESE are onlv a few of the fascinating and he1 ful 1 features of the M ay Good HousekeeDin& T% ey merely suggest the rich variety and broad scope E not only of the May issue. but of Good liousekeeping for the whole year. 10c. B Copy. $1.00 *Year
#g
>#
I
haa
Swmer
Excbrrnw
of Cblldrsn
FOR SALE
EVERYWHERE
The Phelps Publishing Company, sa L%22:lrce

Springfield, Mass.
Publishers
Chicago. 111. Marquette Builtling
Kindly mention The Craftsma,,

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__ .._____________..___.................................................................................... __ ____ ____~_

he will tell you atta&d

way, the parks of any

that the health rate of to the completeness

a city is in proportion of the park system.

This being allowed as a truism, it naturally follows tllat tile dcsirabilitg

nor do they meet the

or else the appropriation w:~s originally reserved

member of the fraterhimself as near

o~ltcomc of an intelligent S:LJ-that the growth fairlr begun. of

If he is city hrcd, this is Iakc ,just om consumption : it has at :I&

against Square. into

11~ marclwrs swerved and turned temporarily,

hevond controversy that its

is fresh nir and forest life.

then, as we must, that the closer we the death

~nac(shuman beings, the grrater

and took Inion

on the subject But of

I think that 1 have shown how parks profrom the inroads

seen what parks do for a city, let

skirt5 the park, and tllc

11sturn to inquire what they do for the cititile

; yet the north side of

~li~dii;;Oll Sq~:arc is still a residence section.

Washington crossing prcwving

Square has similarly preventing

IliltCtl its neighborhood,

pletcness of its park system. Before

let us admit as an the reproduction of

alI human, as well as other ani-

nlatc, effort is toward the spceics, directly

Streets, ago. around

Boylston street, as far as the Public Library, while ~Vilsllirlgton

main flow of the stream of business dcwlop-

which, on entering The orig-

have been created by tearing block of buildings million dollars.

in some of our cities at a

thwarted it for that purestensivc it by two

p:lrk a.cross the street, flanking

nex-rr has and never

town, no matter how small, should provide its growth by having

Houlogne-SW-Mer: New park near old fortifleations

provided for, at the same time that streets

If they tread out all the grass, by that

1llUCh adthcdc A great Aside

to bc considered is the accessibility places for

wllo know about

tliings, that have chanced to see it. did they do with it i of

I3iit how abont tllc chilocc:~sion:~11y falling

.._________.._.................................................................................... __~_

I:~lld 11:~ I)CCI~suggcstcd, l~i~I:l~ ~:u&Y~s