Twisted pair cable: A twisted pair consists of two conductors each surrounded by an insulating material.

Twisted pair cable consists of a pair of insulated wires twisted together. It is a cable type used in telecommunication for very long time. Cable twisting helps to reduce noise pickup from outside sources and crosstalk on multi-pair cables.

Twisted pair cable is good for transferring balanced differential signals. The practice of transmitting signals differentially dates back to the early days of telegraph and radio. The advantages of improved signal-to-noise ratio, crosstalk, and ground bounce that balanced signal transmission bring are particularly valuable in wide bandwidth and high fidelity systems. By transmitting signals along with a 180 degree out-of-phase complement, emissions and ground currents are theoretically canceled. This eases the requirements on the ground and shield compared to single ended transmission and results in improved EMI performance. Interference from devices such as a motor can create unequal noise over two parallel lines. The line that is closer to the devicereceives more interference than the one that is farther. If however, the wires are twisted around each other at regular intervals, each wire is closer to the noise source for half of the time and farther for the other half. Both receive the same amount of noise. The noise from two wires cancel each other out at the receiver. 1.Shielded Twisted Pair Cable: Shielded twisted pair is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions as a ground. It is used to eliminate inductive and capacitive coupling. Twisting cancels out inductive coupling, while the shield eliminates capacitive coupling. Most applications for this cable are between equipment, racks and buildings. Shielding adds usually some attenuation to the cable (compared to unshielded), but usually not because in the case of balanced transmission, the complementing signals will effectively cancel out any shield currents, so shield current losses are negligible. 2. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable: The most commonly used form of twisted pair is unshielded twisted pair (UTP). It is just two insulated wires twisted together. any data communication cables and normal telephone cables are this type. UTP comes in several categories that are based on the number of twists in the wires, the diameter of the wires and the material used in the wires. Category 3 is the wiring used primarily for telephone connections. Frequency range is suitable for transmitting both data and voice. Advantages of twisted pair cable: Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Structured Premise Cabling permits many communication protocols to reside in the same wire bundle. Examples include voice, data, and CCTV video and control. UTP system is Color-coded cabling . A good UTP system gives better interference rejection than coaxial cable. TP is less expensive than dedicated coaxial or fiber. TP is physically smaller than coax and many other cable types . TP is a very easy media to install and reconfigure . TP is extremely easy to terminate . In many cases, the wire is already installed .

Category1 Category 2 Category 3

:Cabling that meets the minimum requirements for analog voice or Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).

Category 4

Category 5 Category 5e Category 6

:Used for voice and data, up to 4 Mbps. Also known with name Grade 2 :Used for data, up to 10 Mbps Required to have at least 3 twists per foot Standard cable for most telephone systems Also used in 10-Mbps Ethernet (10Base-T Ethernet) :Used for data, up to 16 Mbps Must also have at least 3 twists per foot as well as other features Used in Token Ring :Used for data, up to 100 Mbps Must have 3 twists per inch! :Used in Gigabit Ethernet Rated frequency is 100 MHz :Used in Gigabit Ethernet and future technologies Rated frequency is 200 MHz with some requirements specified for 250 MHz

Applications of twisted pair cable: Telephone network: Twisted-pair cables are used in telephones lines to provide voice and data channels. Within buildings To private branch exchange (PBX). The DSL lines that are used by the telephone companies to provide high data rate connections also use the high-bandwidth capability of unshielded twisted-pair cables. For local area networks (LAN) 10Mbps or 100Mbps. Local area networks, such as 10Base-T and 100Base-T, also used UTP cables.