Ansys Training Manual

Page 218 Intiouuction to ANSYS
INTRUDUCTIUN TU ANSYS

RH Tecbnologies,
2u1, uieen valley, Bavuhan
Pune-411u21
Phone :( u2u)667S178S
Email: infoihtechno.com
0RL: http:www.ihtechno.com

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 219

TABLE UF CUNTENTS

Intiouuction ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
0bjectives .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Lectuie Notes ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Concepts: Intiouuction to ANSYS ...................................................................................................................... S
ANSYS Funuamentals ............................................................................................................................................. 4
About Ansys ............................................................................................................................................................... S
Finite Element Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 8
ANSYS Inteiface ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
uiaphical 0sei Inteiface ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Batabase anu Files ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Lab Woikshop ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Woikshop 1: Intiouuctoiy Woikshop .......................................................................................................... 16
Woikshop 2: uetting Staiteu ............................................................................................................................ 22

ANSYS BASICS
Intiouuction ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
0bjectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Lectuie Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................... Su
Plot ANSYS Entities ............................................................................................................................................... S1
Plot Contiols ............................................................................................................................................................ S2
Picking ........................................................................................................................................................................ S4
Cooiuinate System ................................................................................................................................................ SS
Select Logic ............................................................................................................................................................... S6
Components ............................................................................................................................................................. S8

Page 22u Intiouuction to ANSYS

Lab Woikshop ......................................................................................................................................................................... S9
Woikshop 1: Ansys Basic ................................................................................................................................... S9

SULID MUDELINC
Intiouuction ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
0bjectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Lectuie Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4S
Nouel Symmetiy .................................................................................................................................................... 44
Impoit CAB ueometiy ......................................................................................................................................... 4S
ueometiy Cieation ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Top-Bown Noueling ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Bottom -0p Noueling .......................................................................................................................................... Su
Lab Woikshop ......................................................................................................................................................................... S2
Woikshop 1: Impoiting IuES ueometiy ....................................................................................................... S2
Woikshop 2 : Impoiting SAT ueometiy ....................................................................................................... S4
Woikshop S: Impoiting SAT Assembly ........................................................................................................ S6
Woikshop 4: Impoiting Paiasoliu ueometiy ............................................................................................. S8
Woikshop S: Impoiting Paiasoliu Assembly ............................................................................................. 6u
Woikshop 6: Pillow Block (Top - Bown) .................................................................................................... 6S
Woikshop 7: Connecting Rou (Bottom -0p) .............................................................................................. 7S
Woikshop 8: Connecting Rou (Impoit Clean 0p) ................................................................................. 8S

FE MUDELINC
Intiouuction ............................................................................................................................................................. 89
0bjectives .................................................................................................................................................................. 89
Lectuie Notes .......................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Element Attiibutes ................................................................................................................................................ 91
Nesh Contiol ............................................................................................................................................................ 92


Cieate Nesh .............................................................................................................................................................. 9S
Lab Woikshop ......................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Woikshop 1: Silo .................................................................................................................................................... 94
Woikshop 2: Pillow Block ............................................................................................................................... 1u4
Woikshop S: Connecting Rou ........................................................................................................................ 1u8
Woikshop 4: Cottei Pin .................................................................................................................................... 112
Woikshop S: Impellei ....................................................................................................................................... 11S
Woikshop 6: Wheel ........................................................................................................................................... 12u

MATERIAL PRUPERTIES, LUADINC & SULUTIUN
Intiouuction .......................................................................................................................................................... 12S
0bjectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 12S
Lectuie Notes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 126
Befine Nateiial .................................................................................................................................................... 127
Loauing & Bounuaiy Conuitions .................................................................................................................. 128
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................... 129
Lab Woikshop ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1Su
Woikshop 1: 0sei Input Nateiial ................................................................................................................ 1Su
Woikshop 2: Nateiial Libiaiy Input ........................................................................................................... 1S4
Woikshop S: Loauing & Solution - SB Biacket ....................................................................................... 1S8
Woikshop 4: Loauing & Solution - Connecting Rou ............................................................................ 141
Woikshop S: Loauing & Solution - Wheel ................................................................................................ 14S

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Intiouuction .......................................................................................................................................................... 146
0bjectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 146
Lectuie Notes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 147
Element Types ...................................................................................................................................................... 148


Nateiial Piopeities Requiieu ........................................................................................................................ 149
Loaus & Bounuaiy Conuitions ....................................................................................................................... 1Su
Solution 0ptions .................................................................................................................................................. 1S1
Post Piocessing .................................................................................................................................................... 1S2
Types of Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 1SS
Lineai Static Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 1S4
Non Lineai Static Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 1SS
Noual Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................... 1S6
Tiansient Bynamic Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 1S7
Buckling Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 1S8
Lab Woikshop ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1S9
Woikshop 1: Lineai Static Analysis - Lathe Cuttei .............................................................................. 1S9
Woikshop 2: Nonlineai Static Analysis - Laigeu Beflection Aicheu Beam ............................... 17S
Woikshop S: Noual Analysis - 0 Biacket ................................................................................................. 18u
Woikshop 4: Tiansient Bynamic Analysis ............................................................................................... 18S
Woikshop S: Buckling Analysis .................................................................................................................... 19u

THERMAL ANALYSIS
Intiouuction .......................................................................................................................................................... 19S
0bjectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 19S
Lectuie Notes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196
Element Types ...................................................................................................................................................... 197
Nateiial Piopeities Requiieu ........................................................................................................................ 198
Loaus & Bounuaiy Conuitions ....................................................................................................................... 199
Solution 0ptions .................................................................................................................................................. 2uu
Post Piocessing .................................................................................................................................................... 2u1
Types of Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 2u2
Steauy State Analysis......................................................................................................................................... 2uS
Tiansient Theimal Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 2u4

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 22S

Lab Woikshop ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2uS
Woikshop 1: Axisymmetiic Pipe with Fins.............................................................................................. 2uS
Woikshop 2: Transient Thermal Analysis of a Fin ............................................................................. 212


Module
1


Introduction
Ansys enables you to uo vaiious types of finite element analysis such as Stiuctuial, Theimal, Fluiu
Flow, Electiomagnetic, Coupleu Fielu etc. You can cieate soliu mouel, FE mouel anu Postpiocess
the iesults using u0I moue as well as commanu piompt. You also have the ability to uo paiametiic
moueling foi youi uesign optimization stuuy.

Ub|ectives
Aftei completing this mouule, you will be able to:
Iuentify coie ANSYS Capabilities.
Know how finite element analysis woiks
0se ANSYS piouuct launchei
Navigate the ANSYS menus anu toolbais.
Nanage ANSYS Batabase anu files.


Lecture Notes
Youi instiuctoi will uelivei the lectuie using sliues. Foi youi benefit, theie aie lectuie notes shown
below each sliue in the following section.
You may use the space below to take youi own notes.

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page S

Training Manual
RH Technologies, Pune www.rhtechno.com
Preprocessing
Solution
Post Processing
APDL
Concepts: Introduction to ANSYS

Concepts: Introduction to ANSYS
ANSYS is a poweiful, finite element analysis tool useu to cieate soliu mouel, FE mouel anu vaiious
types of analysis uuiing new piouuct uevelopment. ANSYS helps to caiiy out stiuctuial, theimal
fluiu flow, electiomagnetic, couple fielu, NvB, Ciash analysis.
ANSYS is mainly consists of thiee main steps
Piepiocessing
Solution
Post Piocessing
These concepts aie uiscusseu in uetails on the following sliues


Training Manual
Pre Processing
Importing solid model from other CAD software
Creating solid model in ANSYS
Creating FE model
Solution
Define Load & Boundary Conditions
Define Analysis type
Run the analysis
Post Processing
Review the results
ANSYS Fundamentals

ANSYS Fundamentals
PreProcessing
Eveiy Finite element analysis tool iequiies CAB geometiy as input to cieate FE analysis. This
piocess of cieating oi impoiting the soliu mouel anu FE mouel is calleu as piepiocessing. In ANSYS
soliu mouel will be eithei uiiectly cieateu in ANSYS using soliu moueling commanus oi it can be
impoiteu fiom othei CAB softwaie. FE mouel is nothing but is then cieateu fiom input geometiy to
caiiy out iequiieu analysis.
Solution
0sing ANSYS solution menu you can apply uiffeient loaus anu bounuaiy conuitions to youi pioblem
anu uefine the suitable analysis type. ANSYS solves the iequiieu analysis using its solvei.
Post Processing
0nce the ANSYS solves the submitteu analysis usei can ieview the iesults using Post Piocessing
tools. You can take the images, sections anu also see anu cieate animation of the iesults.

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page S

Training Manual
Product
ANSYS
ANSYS Workbench
CFX
ICEM CFD Solution
About ANSYS

About Ansys
Product
ANSYS family of piouuct incluues,
ANSYS - Auvanceu nonlineai mechanical anu multiphysics FEA solution capabilities
ANSYS Woikbench - Complete enviionment foi geometiy moueling, mesh manipulation,
stiuctuialtheimal analysis, anu optimization, which is tightly integiateu with CAB
packages
CFX - State-of-the-ait CFB solveis, incluuing the coupleu, paiallel CFX-S solvei
ICEN CFB - Poweiful meshing tools with geneial pie- anu post-piocessing featuies,
incluuing ICEN CFB foi geneiating complex CFB giius anu AI*Enviionment foi cieating
with sophisticateu stiuctuial FEA meshes


Training Manual
Capabilities
Structural
Thermal
Fluid (CFD, Acoustics, and other fluid analyses)
Low- and High-Frequency Electromagnetic
Coupled Field
About ANSYS (cont.)

About ANSYS {cont.]
Capabilities
ANSYS is a complete FEA softwaie package useu by engineeis woiluwiue in viitually all fielus of
engineeiing. Paitial listing of the capabilities:
Stiuctuial
o Lineai
o Nonlineai
Nateiial, ueometiic, Contact
o Bynamics
Noual, Baimonic, Tiansient Bynamic, Spectium, Ranuom vibiation
Explicit Bynamics with ANSYS LS-BYNA
Theimal
o Steauy State anu Tiansient
Fluiu (CFB, Acoustics, anu othei fluiu analyses)
Low- anu Bigh-Fiequency Electiomagnetic
Coupleu Fielu


Training Manual
Applications
Aerospace
Automotive
Biomedical
Bridges & Buildings
Electronics & Appliances
Heavy Equipment & Machinery
MEMS - Micro Electromechanical Systems
Sporting Goods
About ANSYS (cont.)

About ANSYS {cont.]
Application
Because of vast capabilities of ANSYS it is useu in almost all inuustiies foi FE analysis. Following is
the paitial list of inuustiies in which ANSYS is useu,
Aeiospace
Automotive
Biomeuical
Biiuges & Builuings
Electionics & Appliances
Beavy Equipment & Nachineiy
NENS - Nicio Electiomechanical Systems
Spoiting uoous


Training Manual
What is FEA?
Need of FEA
Finite Element Analysis
Physical System
F.E. Model

Finite Element Analysis
Wbat is FEA?
Finite Element Analysis is a way to simulate loauing conuitions on a uesign anu ueteimine the
uesign's iesponse to those conuitions. The uesign is moueleu using uisciete builuing blocks calleu
elements.
Need of FEA
To ieuuce the amount of piototype testing
o Computei simulation allows multiple "what-if" scenaiios to be testeu quickly anu
effectively.
To simulate uesigns that aie not suitable foi piototype testing
o Example: Suigical implants, such as an aitificial knee
The bottom line:
o Cost savings
o Time savings. ieuuce time to maiket!
o Cieate moie ieliable, bettei-quality uesigns


Training Manual
Working with ANSYS
Interactive Mode
Batch Mode
Starting ANSYS
Command Line
Product Launcher
ANSYS Interface

ANSYS Interface
Working witb ANSYS
Two ways of woiking with ANSYS: Inteiactive anu Batch Noues
Inteiactive moue allows you to inteiact "live" with ANSYS, ieviewing each opeiation as you
go.
Batch moue allows you to submit a batch file of commanus which ANSYS iuns in the
backgiounu.
We will mainly covei inteiactive moue in this couise.
Starting ANSYS
Commanu Line Stait-up
o Allows you to stait ANSYS by enteiing a commanu at the system level.
o Not uiscusseu in this couise, uetails can be founu in the 0peiations uuiue.


Training Manual
Product Launcher
ANSYS Interface (cont.)

ANSYS Interface {cont.]
Starting ANSYS
Piouuct Launchei
o Allows you to select anu stait ANSYS piouucts anu utilities.
o 0n 0nix systems, issue launchei1uu to biing up the launchei.
o 0n Winuows systems, piess:
Stait > Piogiams > ANSYS 1u.u > ANSYS Piouuct Launchei
Piouuct Launchei has foui tabs,
File Nanagement - 0seu to specify the Woiking Biiectoiy anu a }ob Name of youi choosing.
The uefault }ob Name is "file".
CustomizationPiefeiences - set memoiy options, iun a custom veision of ANSYS, uefine
paiameteis, set the language to be useu by the uiaphical 0sei Inteiface (u0I), anu specify a
uiaphics Bevice (2B oi SB).
Bistiibuteu Solvei Setup - set up Paiallel Peifoimance solving options.
NFX-ANSYSCFX Setup - set up ANSYS Nulti-fielu solving options foi ANSYS anu CF


Training Manual
Graphical User Interface
Output
Window
Icon Toolbar Menu
Abbreviation Toolbar
Menu
Utility Menu
Graphics Area
Main Menu
Input Line
Current Settings
Raise/Hidden Icon
User Prompt Info
Command Window Icon
Model Control
Toolbar
Contact Manager
Icon

Crapbical User Interface
uiaphical 0sei Inteiface (u0I) consists of,
Nain Nenu
0tility Nenu
uiaphics Aiea
Icon Toolbai Nenu
0tility Nenu
Input Line
Commanu Winuow Icon
Nouel Contiol Toolbai
Raise Biuuen Icon
Contact Nanagei Icon
0sei Piompt Info
Cuiient Settings
0utput Winuow


Training Manual
Save and Resume
Clearing the Database
Files
Jobname
Extension
Typical Files
jobname.log
jobname.err
jobname.db, .dbb
jobname.rst, .rth, .rmg, .rfl
Database and Files

Database and Files
The teim ANSYS Jotobose iefeis to the uata ANSYS maintains in memoiy as you builu, solve, anu
postpiocess youi mouel.
The uatabase stoies both youi input uata anu some iesults uata:
Input uata - infoimation you must entei, such as mouel uimensions, mateiial piopeities,
anu loau uata.
Results uata - a set of quantities that ANSYS calculates, such as uisplacements, stiesses,
stiains, anu ieaction foices.
Save and Resume
Since the uatabase is stoieu in the computei's memoiy (RAN), it is goou piactice to save it
to uisk fiequently so that you can iestoie the infoimation in the event of a computei ciash
oi powei failuie.
The SAvE opeiation copies the uatabase fiom memoiy to a file calleu the uatabase file (oi
ub file foi shoit).


Training Manual
Save and Resume
Files
Jobname
Extension
Typical Files
jobname.log
jobname.err
jobname.db, .dbb
Database and Files

Database and Files {cont.]
Save and Resume
To iestoie the uatabase fiom the ub file back into memoiy, use the RES0NE opeiation.
The uefault file name foi SAvE anu RES0NE is jobname.ub, but you can choose a uiffeient
name by using the "Save as" oi "Resume fiom" functions.
Clearing tbe Database
The Cleai Batabase opeiation allows you to "zeio out" the uatabase anu stait fiesh. It is
similai to exiting anu ie-enteiing ANSYS.


Training Manual
Save and Resume
Files
Jobname
Extension
Typical Files
jobname.log
jobname.err
jobname.db, .dbb
Database and Files

Files
ANSYS wiites anu ieaus seveial files uuiing an analysis. File names aie of the foimat jobnome.ext.
}obname
o A name you choose while staiting ANSYS, up to S2 chaiacteis. Befaults to file.
o Can be changeu within ANSYS with the FILNANE commanu (0tility Nenu > File >
Change }obname).
Extension
o Iuentifies the contents of the file, such as .Jb foi uatabase.
o 0sually assigneu by ANSYS but can be uefineu by usei (ASSIuN).


Training Manual
Save and Resume
Files
Jobname
Extension
Typical Files
jobname.log
jobname.err
jobname.db, .dbb
Database and Files

Typical files
jobnome.log: Log file, ASCII.
o Contains a log of eveiy commanu issueu uuiing the session.
o If you stait a seconu session with the same jobname in the same woiking uiiectoiy,
ANSYS will oppenJ to the pievious log file (with a time stamp).
jobnome.eii: Eiioi file, ASCII.
o Contains all eiiois anu wainings encounteieu uuiing the session. ANSYS will also
oppenJ to an existing eiioi file.
jobnome.ub, .ubb: Batabase file, binaiy.
o Compatible acioss all suppoiteu platfoims.
jobnome.ist, .ith, .img, .ifl: Results files, binaiy.
o Contains iesults uata calculateu by ANSYS uuiing solution.
o Compatible acioss all suppoiteu platfoims.


Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Introductory Worksbop
All of the featuies shown in this woikshop will be explaineu in uetail in latei chapteis. The
puipose of this shoit woikshop is to intiouuce the stuuent to the inteiface by plotting some iesults
of the mouel solveu by the Instiuctoi at the enu of Chaptei 2.
Task 1: Upen ANSYS witb tbe Launcber
1. uo to START > Piogiams > ANSYS 1u.u > ANSYS Piouuct Launchei
2. Fiom the uiop uown menus at the top, select "Simulation Enviionment" as "ANSYS" anu
"License" as "ANSYS N0LTIPBYSICS"
S. Fill in Woiking Biiectoiy specifieu by the instiuctoi anu the }ob Name "woikshop2"
4. Click "Run" at the bottom of the Launchei

Intiouuction to ANSYS

Task 2: Resume Database
1. Click the RES0N_BB Icon
This will iesume the uatabase in the woiking uiiectoiy with
"woikshop2.ub"
Task 3: Plot tbe area, lines and nodes
1. In the 0tility Nenu, click on "Plot", then "Aieas"
2. Also, plot "Lines" anu "Noues"

This will iesume the uatabase in the woiking uiiectoiy with the cuiient filename,

Plot tbe area, lines and nodes
In the 0tility Nenu, click on "Plot", then "Aieas"
Also, plot "Lines" anu "Noues"

Page 17
the cuiient filename,

Page 18

Task 4: Plot Results
1. In the ANSYS Nain Nenu, click on the ueneial Postpioc
2. Then click on Plot Results > Contoui Plot > Noual Solu
This will biing up a winuow wheie you can select postpiocessing (see the next
sliue)
Intiouuction to
In the ANSYS Nain Nenu, click on the ueneial Postpioc
Then click on Plot Results > Contoui Plot > Noual Solu



S. Select Noual Solution > B0F Solution > Y-Component of Bisplacement, anu click |Applyj
Note, this was the plot that the Instiuctoi showeu you uemonstiating the match
with theoiy.


4. Select Noual Solution > Stiess > von Nises Stiess
Also, select to plot with "Befoimeu shape with unuefoimeu euge", click |0Kj


Task 5: Exist ANSYS
1. Click on the Q0IT Icon
2. Select "Quit - No Save!", Click |0Kj

Page 22

Worksbop 2: Cetting Started
1. uo to START > Piogiams > ANSYS 1u.u > ANSYS Piouuct Launchei
2. Click on the File Nanagement tab anu select the ANSYS Simulation Enviionment anu an
available license
S. Fill in Woiking Biiectoiy specifieu by the Instiuctoi anu a }obname of "block"
Click on the CustomizationPiefeiences Tab anu 0ncheck '0se custom memoiy
settings' (if checkeu)
Change to SB uiaphics Bevice anu click Run
Intiouuction to
Worksbop 2: Cetting Started
uo to START > Piogiams > ANSYS 1u.u > ANSYS Piouuct Launchei
Click on the File Nanagement tab anu select the ANSYS Simulation Enviionment anu an
Fill in Woiking Biiectoiy specifieu by the Instiuctoi anu a }obname of "block"

settings' (if checkeu)
Change to SB uiaphics Bevice anu click Run

Click on the File Nanagement tab anu select the ANSYS Simulation Enviionment anu an
Fill in Woiking Biiectoiy specifieu by the Instiuctoi anu a }obname of "block"


4. veiify the launchei input by ievi
S. Nouify the u0I layout anu save the changes:
Resize the giaphics winuow (make suie pait of output winuow is visible)
Resize the main menu
0tility Nenu > NenuCtils > Save Nenu Layout

veiify the launchei input by ieviewing the output winuow.
Nouify the u0I layout anu save the changes:
Resize the main menu
0tility Nenu > NenuCtils > Save Nenu Layout

Page 2S


Page 24

6. Collapse anu Expanu the Nain Nenu & Abbievia
7. Review some of the files cieateu foi the ANSYS session:
0tility Nenu > List > Files > 0thei .
List the 'block.eii' file
List the 'block.log' file
Intiouuction to
Collapse anu Expanu the Nain Nenu & Abbieviation Toolbai:
Review some of the files cieateu foi the ANSYS session:
0tility Nenu > List > Files > 0thei .
List the 'block.eii' file
List the 'block.log' file



8. Nain Nenu Expansion Piefeiences
Right Click within the Nain Nenu, click on Piefeiences anu use the settings
shown heie:(Collapse siblings anu uo not Expanu heauings)

Now tiy the following menu paths:
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Belete
Notice how the Cieate bianch closes when the Belete bianch is openeu
Now tiy the following menu path:
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > KP at
centei
o Click on the - next to Cieate
o Click on the + next to Cieate
Notice how the Cieate bianch closes then opens back to the same place (KP at centei)
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > KP at
centei
o Right Click on Cieate anu select Collapse
Notice all bianches collapse below Cieate, anu if Cieate is openeu again it uoes not open to
Keypoints > KP at centei
Right Click within the Nain Nenu, click on Piefeiences anu check Expanu
heauings(Collapse siblings anu Expanu heauings)
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Copy


Notice how Noues anu Elements below Copy aie automatically expanueu.
Right Click within the Nain Nenu, click on Piefeiences anu uncheck Collapse
siblings anu Expanu heauings
(Bo not Collapse siblings anu uo not Expanu heauings)
Now tiy the following menu paths:
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Belete
Notice both the Cieate anu Belete Bianch aie still open
o Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints
o Now Right-Click in Keypoints anu select Expanu All
Notice how all of the bianches unuei Keypoints aie expanueu
9. Review when a jobname changes:
a) 0tility Nenu > File > Change }obname.entei "test"
|0Kj
Notice: the new jobname "test" is uisplayeu in the u0I heauei
b) Select the "0pen ANSYS file" icon on the Icon Toolbai Nenu
Select the "block.ub" file
|0Kj
Notice: the "0pen ANSYS File" icon causes the jobname to be changeu to "block"
c) 0tility Nenu > File > Change }obname.entei "test"
|0Kj
Notice: the new jobname "test" is uisplayeu in the u0I heauei
u) 0tility Nenu > File > Resume fiom..select the "block.ub" file
|0Kj
Notice: the jobname uisplayeu in the u0I heauei is still "test". This methou of opening a
uatabase uoes not change the jobname.


1u. 0se the RaiseBiuuen Icon:
Select the "Pan-Zoom-Rotate" icon on the Icon Toolbai Nenu
Select the miuule Icon in the uppei iight coinei of the u0I winuow to make
suie u0I winuow is maximizeu
Select the Raise Biuuen Icon
o The Pan-Zoom-Rotate wiuget is biought foiwaiu
Notice: the RaiseBiuuen Icon uoes not biing the output winuow foiwaiu
11. Cieate anu use a text file as input to ANSYS:
0sing a system text euitoi, cieate a text file nameu "test.inp" containing the
following commanus.
o FINI
o RES0NE,block,ub
o LPL0T
Save the file in the c:\Couises\Intio1 uiiectoiy.
12. Reau in the cieateu text file:
0tility Nenu > File > Reau Input fiom..
Select the "test.inp" input file
|0Kj
Notice: this simple input file can be useu to automate the iesuming of the uatabase, anu then
plotting of the mouel lines.
1S. 0se the input winuow:
Type the following commanus in the input winuow:
o FINI
o Resume,block,ub
o LPL0T
o APL0T
o KPL0T
Notice: the foimat of the commanu is uisplayeu as the commanu is being typeu
Notice: only the fiist foui chaiacteis of a commanu neeu to be enteieu.
Select the uown aiiow in the iight hanu siue of the input winuow
Notice: how the enteieu commanus aie listeu
Click on the LPL0T commanu anu piess Entei


Notice: how the LPL0T commanu is ieissueu
Bighlight the iesume commanu in the input winuow listing of enteieu
commanus
0se the keyboaiu upuown aiiows to scioll to the KPL0T commanu anu
piess Entei
Notice: how the KPL0T commanu is ieissueu
14. 0pen the ANSYS Commanu Winuow:
Click on the icon just to the left of the input winuow
The commanu winuow may now be moveu aiounu the scieen
Click on the X in the commanu winuow to close it


Module
2

ANSYS BASICS

Introduction
Ansys consists of vaiious entities such as geometiy oi soliu mouel entities, FE mouel entities etc.
While woiking with ANSYS many times we neeu to hanule these entities veiy effectively so as to
avoiu confusion. So using ANSYS plot inteifaces usei can plot the iequiieu entities on the scieen it
is one foim of Biueshow tool. Similaily pan, zoom, iotate anu pick options help useis woik
effectively.
Cooiuinate systems in ANSYS aie having a veiy impoitant iole as it is useful foi mouel geneiation,
loau application as well as iesults viewing.
Select logic & component managei helps usei to effectively oiganize components anu assemblies
Ub|ectives
Plot uiffeient ANSYS entities
Pan, Zoom, Rotate the ANSYS entities
Pick uiffeient ANSYS entities
Cieate uiffeient cooiuinate systems
0se select logic
Cieate Components & Assemblies

Page Su Intiouuction to ANSYS

Lecture Notes

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page S1

Training Manual
Keypoint Plot
Line Plot
Area Plot
Volume Plot
Node Plot
Element Plot
Multi- Plot
Plot ANSYS Entities
/replot
kplot
lplot
aplot
vplot
nplot
eplot
gplot

Plot ANSYS Entities

Page S2 Intiouuction to ANSYS

Training Manual
The PlotCtrls menu is used to control how the plot is displayed:
plot orientation
zoom
colors
symbols
annotation
animation
etc.
Plot Controls

Plot Controls

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page SS

Training Manual
Dynamic Mode
Pan
Zoom
Rotate
Plot Controls (cont.)

Plot Controls{cont.]


Training Manual
Types of Picking
Retrieval picking
Location Picking
Mouse Button Picking
Left
Middle
Right
Picking
Example of
Locational Picker
Example of
Retrieval Picker

Picking


Training Manual
Global
Local
Coordinate System

Coordinate System


Training Manual
Criterion
By Num/Pick
Attached to
By Location
By Attributes
Exterior
By Results
Select Logic

Select Logic


Training Manual
Selection
From Full
Reselect
Also Select
Unselect
Invert
Select None
Select All
Select Logic (cont.)
Select None
Reselect
Also Select
Unselect
Invert
From Full
Select All

Select Logic {cont.]


Training Manual
Component Manager
Components
Assemblies
Components

Components


Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Ansys Basic
1. 0pen ANSYS with a jobname of block in the C:\Couises\Intio1 uiiectoiy
2. Click the RES0NE icon to iesume block.ub
S. Bynamically iotate a mouel with the SB uiivei active:
Notice the Nouel Contiol Toolbai at the iight of the giaphics winuow, shown heie
Click on the bottom most icon to tuin on Bynamic Nouel Noue
0se only the mouse to uynamically iotate the mouel
o (iemembei, left mouse = pan, miuule mouse = zoomspin, iight mouse =
iotate)
4. Plot vaiious entities with
0tility Nenu > Plot >
o Aieas
o Lines
o Noues
S. 0se select logic to select all noues at a x cooiuinate of zeio
0tility Nenu > Select > Entities
o Change the selections to Noue anu By Location
o Click on the X cooiuinates button
o Entei a value of zeio anu piess 0K
6. Plot anu list the selecteu noues
0tility Nenu > Plot > Noues
0tility Nenu > List > Noues
o Theie shoulu be 16 noues selecteu

Page 4u

7. Cieate a component calleu N_XuNoues of the 16 selecteu
0tility Nenu > Select > Component Nanagei
Click on the Cieate Component Icon
Select the noue button anu entei the name

8. Select all the noues at a X cooiuinate of 1 anu cieate a component calleu N_X1Noues
The Component Nanagei can be left open while
9. Cieate an assembly calleu ASSENBLY_Noues out of N_XuNoues anu N_X1Noues
Bighlight N_XuNoues anu N_X1Noues anu click on the Cieate Assembly Icon
1u. Plot the components anu the assembly
Bighlight the N_XuNoues component anu click on the Bis
Icon
Bo the same foi N_X1Noues anu ASSENBLY_Noues
Intiouuction to
Cieate a component calleu N_XuNoues of the 16 selecteu noues
Click on the Cieate Component Icon
Select the noue button anu entei the name
Select all the noues at a X cooiuinate of 1 anu cieate a component calleu N_X1Noues
The Component Nanagei can be left open while selecting noues

Cieate an assembly calleu ASSENBLY_Noues out of N_XuNoues anu N_X1Noues
Plot the components anu the assembly
Bighlight the N_XuNoues component anu click on the Bisplay ComponentAssembly
Bo the same foi N_X1Noues anu ASSENBLY_Noues


Select all the noues at a X cooiuinate of 1 anu cieate a component calleu N_X1Noues
Cieate an assembly calleu ASSENBLY_Noues out of N_XuNoues anu N_X1Noues

play ComponentAssembly


11. Cieate keypoints anu then lines using the Pickei Nenu:
a) 0tility Nenu > File > Cleai & Stait New ..
|0Kj
b) Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > 0n Woiking Plane
Notice: the usei piompt infoimation uisplayeu in the lowei left pait of u0I
Position the mouse cuisoi in the giaphics winuow at an aibitiaiy location
Select the left mouse button to select a keypoint location
Select the miuule mouse button to cieate a keypoint
Cieate thiee moie keypoints using the left anu miuule mouse buttons
|0Kj in the Pickei Winuow
Notice: cieating these keypoints is an example of locational picking
c) Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Lines > Lines > Stiaight line
Notice: the usei piompt infoimation uisplayeu in the lowei left pait of u0I
Select two of the keypoints using the left mouse button
Notice: cieating these lines is an example of ietiieval picking. Also, Notice: only the left
mouse button (anu not the miuule button) is neeueu to cieate lines


Module
3

SULID MUDELINC

Introduction
The puipose of using a soliu mouel is to ielieve you of the time-consuming task of builuing a
complicateu finite element mouel by uiiect geneiation. Some soliu moueling anu meshing
opeiations can help you to speeu up the cieation of youi final analysis mouel
The soliu moueling featuies of ANSYS aie known to have iobustness issues. With caieful planning
anu alteinative stiategies, you can successfully cieate the mouel iequiieu foi analysis.

Ub|ectives
Impoit CAB geometiy
Cieate geometiy in ANSYS
Biffeient Soliu Noueling options


Lecture Notes


Training Manual
Axisymmetry
Rotational
Planar or reflective
Repetitive or translational
Model Symmetry

Model Symmetry


Training Manual
IGES
SAT
Parasolid
Import CAD Geometry

Import CAD Ceometry


Training Manual
Definition
Modeling Approach
Top-down
Bottom-up
Geometry Creation
Volumes
Areas
Lines &
Keypoints
Keypoints
Lines
Areas
Volumes

Ceometry Creation


Training Manual
Primitives
2D Primitives
3D Primitives
Top-Down Modeling

Top-Down Modeling


Training Manual
Boolean Operations
Add
Glue
Overlap
Top-Down Modeling (cont.)

Top-Down Modeling {cont.]


Training Manual
Boolean Operations
Subtract
Divide
Intersect
Common
Pairwise
Partition
Top-Down Modeling (cont.)
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
6
L
5
L
4
Common
Intersection
Pairwise
Intersection

Top-Down Modeling {cont.]

Page Su Intiouuction to ANSYS

Training Manual
Keypoint
Line
Area
Volume
Bottom Up Modeling

Bottom -Up Modeling


Training Manual
Extrude
Scale
Move
Copy
Reflect
Merge
Fillet
Bottom Up Modeling (cont.)

Bottom -Up Modeling {cont.]

Page S2

Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Importing ICES Ceometry
1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi
jobname.
2. Impoit the "biacket.igs" IuES file using the No uefeatuiing option:
0tility Nenu > File > Impoit > IuES.
o Select "No uefeatuiing", then |0Kj
o Click on |Biowse.j button
o Select the "biacket.igs" file, then |0penj
o |0Kj
S. Save the uatabase:
Pick the "SAvE_BB" button in the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File > Save as
}obname.ub)
Intiouuction to
Worksbop 1: Importing ICES Ceometry
Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "iges" as the
Impoit the "biacket.igs" IuES file using the No uefeatuiing option:
Select "No uefeatuiing", then |0Kj
Click on |Biowse.j button
Select the "biacket.igs" file, then |0penj

instiuctoi using "iges" as the




Worksbop 2 : Importing SAT Ceometry
1. Cleai the ANSYS uatabase:
0tility Nenu > File > Cleai & Stait New .
o |0Kj, anu then |Yesj
2. Change the jobname to "sat":
0tility Nenu > File > Change }obname .
o Entei "sat" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
S. Impoit the "geai.sat" SAT file:
0tility Nenu > File > Impoit > SAT .
o Select the "geai.sat" file, then |0Kj

4. Tuin "Noimal Faceting" on:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Style > Soliu Nouel Facets ...
o Select "Noimal Faceting", then |0Kj
0tility Nenu > Plot > Replot


o Pick the "SAvE_BB" button in the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File >
Save as }obname.ub)


Worksbop 3: Importing SAT Assembly
2. Change the jobname to "sat-assy":
o Entei "sat-assy" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
S. Impoit the "ciank-assy.sat" SAT assembly file:
o Select the "ciank-assy.sat" file, then |0Kj
S. Tuin volume numbeiing on:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Numbeiing .
o Tuin volume numbeis "on", then |0Kj
0tility Nenu > Plot > volumes


6. Save the uatabase:
}obname.ub)
8. Change the jobname to "sat-assy2":
o Entei "sat-assy2" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
9. Impoit the ciank assembly by impoiting the inuiviuual sat files that make up the assembly:
o Select the "knob.sat" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "plate.sat" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "socket.sat" file, then |0Kj
1u. Tuin "Noimal Faceting" on:
11. Tuin volume numbeiing on:


Worksbop 4: Importing Parasolid Ceometry
2. Change the jobname to "paia":
o Entei "paia" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
S. Impoit the "biacket.x_t" Paiasoliu file:
0tility Nenu > File > Impoit > PARA .
o Select the "biacket.x_t" file, then |0Kj

}obname.ub)



Worksbop 5: Importing Parasolid Assembly
2. Change the jobname to "paia-assy":
o Entei "paia-assy" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
S. Impoit the "wheel-assy.x_t" Paiasoliu assembly file:
o Select the "wheel-assy.x_t" file, then |0Kj
S. Tuin volume numbeiing on:


6. Save the uatabase:
}obname.ub)
8. Change the jobname to "paia-assy2":
o Entei "paia-assy2" foi the new jobname, then |0Kj
9. Impoit the wheel assembly by impoiting the inuiviuual Paiasoliu files that make up the
assembly:
o Select the "base.x_t" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "left-biacket.x_t" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "iight-biacket.x_t" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "pin.x_t" file, then |0Kj
o Select the "wheel.x_t" file, then |0Kj
1u. Tuin "Noimal Faceting" on:
11. Tuin volume numbeiing on:


12. Exit ANSYS:
Pick the "Q0IT" button in the Toolbai
o Select "Quit - No Save!"
o |0Kj


Worksbop : Pillow Block {Top
Description
Builu a half symmetiy soliu mouel of this pillow block.
When you'ie uone, save the uatabase to p

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using
jobname.
2. Switch to isometiic view:
Click on the Isometiic view Icon in the Nouel Contiol Toolbai
S. Cieate the base of the pillow block:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Block > By Bimensions
o X1 = u, X2 = S, Y1 = u, Y2 = 1, Z1 =

Worksbop : Pillow Block {Top - Down]
Builu a half symmetiy soliu mouel of this pillow block.
When you'ie uone, save the uatabase to p-block.ub.
Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using

Click on the Isometiic view Icon in the Nouel Contiol Toolbai
Cieate the base of the pillow block:
X1 = u, X2 = S, Y1 = u, Y2 = 1, Z1 = u, Z2 = S, then |0Kj

Page 6S

Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "p_block" as the


4. 0ffset woiking plane to location X=2.2S, Y=1.2S, Z=.7S:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > 0ffset WP by Inciements .
o Set X,Y,Z 0ffsets = 2.2S, 1.2S, u.7S
o Set XY, YZ, ZX Angles = u, -9u, u, then |0Kj


S. Cieate a soliu cylinuei having a uiametei of u.7S inches anu a uepth of -1.S inches:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Cylinuei > Soliu
Cylinuei
o Rauius = u.7S2
o Bepth = -1.S, then |0Kj

6. Copy the soliu cylinuei to new location with BZ=1.S:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Copy > volumes +
o Pick the cylinuei volume (vol. Numbei 2), then |0Kj
o BZ = 1.S, then |0Kj

7. Subtiact the two soliu cylinueis fiom the base:


Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Subtiact > volumes
o Pick the base volume (vol. 1), then |0Kj
o Pick the two cylinuei volumes (vols. 2 anu S), then |0Kj

8. Align woiking plane with the ulobal Caitesian oiigin:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Align WP with > ulobal Caitesian
9. Cieate the base of the bushing biacket:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Block > By 2 Coineis &
Z
o WP X = u
o WP Y = 1
o Wiuth = 1.S
o Beight = 1.7S
o Bepth = u.7S, then |0Kj


1u. 0ffset woiking plane to the fiont face of the bushing biacket:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > 0ffset WP to > Keypoints +
o Pick keypoint at the top left coinei of the fiont face, then |0Kj

11. Cieate the aich of the bushing biacket:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Cylinuei > Paitial
Cylinuei
o WP X = u
o WP Y = u
o Rau-1 = u
o Theta-1 = u
o Rau-2 = 1.S
o Theta-2 = 9u
o Bepth = -u.7S, then |0Kj


12. Cieate cylinueis foi the counteiboie anu the thiough hole in the bushing biacket:
Cylinuei
o WP X = u
o WP Y = u
o Rauius = 1
o Bepth = -u.187S, then |Applyj
o WP X = u
o WP Y = u
o Rauius = u.8S
o Bepth = -2, then |0Kj


1S. Subtiact the two soliu cylinueis to foim the counteiboie anu bushing thiough-hole:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Subtiact > volumes
o Pick the two volumes that foim the base anu the aich of the bushing biacket
o |Applyj
o Pick the counteiboie cylinuei
o |Applyj
o Pick the same two base volumes
o |Applyj
o Pick the thiough-hole cylinuei
o |0Kj


14. Neige coinciuent keypoints:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Numbeiing Ctils > Neige Items
o Set Label to "Keypoints", then |0Kj

1S. Cieate the web:
a. Cieate a keypoint in the miuule of the fiont top euge of the base:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > KP
between KPs
o Pick the two uppei fiont coinei keypoints of the base, then |0Kj
o RATI = u.S, then |0Kj


b. Cieate a tiiangulai aiea:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Aibitiaiy >
Thiough KPs
o Pick the 1st keypoint wheie the base of the bushing biacket
inteisects the base of the pillow block at X=1.S
o Pick the 2nu keypoint wheie the base of the bushing biacket
inteisects the bottom aich suiface at X=1.S
o Pick the Siu keypoint that was cieateu in step 1Sa at X=1.S, Y=1,
Z=S
o |0Kj


c. Extiuue aiea along aiea noimal:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Aieas
Along Noimal
o Pick the tiiangulai aiea cieateu in step 14b, then |0Kj
o BIST = -u.1S, then |0Kj


16. ulue the volumes togethei:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > ulue > volumes
o |Pick Allj
17. Tuin volume numbeis on anu then plot volumes:
o Set volume numbeis on, then |0Kj
18. Save anu exit ANSYS:
Pick the "SAvE_BB" button in the Toolbai
o |0Kj



Worksbop 7: Connecting Rod {Bottom -Up]
Description
Builu a soliu mouel of an automobile connecting iou using bottom-up moueling techniques.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "c-iou" as the
jobname.
2. Cieate two ciiculai aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Ciicle > By Bimensions
o RAB1 = 1.4
o RAB2 = 1
o TBETA1 = u
o TBETA2 = 18u, then |Applyj


o Next, set TBETA1 = 4S, then |0Kj

S. Tuin aiea numbeiing on:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Numbeiing ...
o Set Aiea numbeis on, then |0Kj
4. Cieate two iectangulai aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Rectangle > By Bimensions
o X1 = -u.S, X2 = u.S, Y1 = 1.2, Y2 = 1.8, then |Applyj
o X1 = -1.8, X2 = -1.2, Y1 = u, Y2 = u.S, then |0Kj
S. 0ffset woiking plane to XYZ location (X=6.S):
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > 0ffset WP to > XYZ Locations +
o Entei 6.S in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by Entei (caiiiage ietuin)
o |0Kj
6. Cieate two moie ciiculai aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Ciicle > By Bimensions
o RAB1 = u.7
o RAB2 = u.4
o TBETA1 = u
o TBETA2 = 18u, then |Applyj
o Next, set TBETA2 = 1SS, then |0Kj


7. Issue sepaiate Boolean oveilaps on each aiea gioup:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > 0veilap > Aieas
o Fiist, box select the left gioup of aieas, then |Applyj
o Next, box select the iight gioup of aieas, then |0Kj


8. Befine foui new keypoints:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > In Active CS
o 1st KP, X=2.S, Y=u.S, then |Applyj
o 2nu KP, X=S.2S, Y=u.4, then |Applyj
o Siu KP, X=4, Y=u.SS, then |Applyj
o 4th KP, X=4.7S, Y=u.28, then |0Kj
9. Set the active cooiuinate system to be global cylinuiical:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Change Active CS to > ulobal Cylinuiical
1u. Cieate a single line fiom a spline fit to a seiies of keypoints:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Lines > Splines > With 0ptions >
Spline thiu KPs
o Pick, in oiuei, the six keypoints as shown in the giaphics winuow below, then
|0Kj
o Xv1 = 1 (iauius at keypoint 1 in ulobal Cylinuiical cooiuinate system)
o Yv1 = 1SS (theta at keypoint 1 in ulobal Cylinuiical cooiuinate system)
o Xv6 = 1 (iauius at keypoint 6 in ulobal Cylinuiical cooiuinate system)
o Yv6 = 4S (theta at keypoint 6 in ulobal Cylinuiical cooiuinate system)
o |0Kj


11. Cieate a stiaight line between keypoints 1 anu 18:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Lines > Lines > Stiaight Line
o Pick the two keypoints as shown in the giaphics winuow below, then |0Kj

12. Tuin line numbeiing on anu plot lines:
o Set Line numbeis on, then |0Kj
0tility Nenu > Plot > Lines
1S. Cieate a new aiea bounueu by pieviously uefineu lines 6, 1, 7, 2S:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Aibitiaiy > By Lines
o Pick the foui lines (6, 1, 7, anu 2S), then |0Kj


14. Zoom in on the left poition of the connecting iou:
0se the Zoom Nouel Icon in the Nouel Contiol Toolbai

1S. Cieate thiee line fillets:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Lines > Line Fillet
o Pick lines S6 anu 4u, then |Applyj
o RAB = .2S, then |Applyj
o Pick lines 4u anu S1, then |Applyj
o |Applyj
o Pick lines Su anu S9, then |0Kj
o |0Kj


16. Cieate thiee new aieas bounueu by the pieviously uefineu fillet lines:
o Pick lines 12, 1u, anu 1S, then |Applyj
o Pick lines 17, 1S, anu 19, then |Applyj
o Pick lines 2S, 21, anu 24, then |0Kj
0tility Nenu > Plot > Aieas

17. Auu all aieas togethei to foim one single aiea:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Auu > Aieas
o |Pick Allj
18. Fit the entiie mouel within the giaphics winuow:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Pan, Zoom, Rotate .
o |Fitj
19. Tuin off line anu aiea numbeiing:
o Set Line anu Aiea numbeis off, then |0Kj
2u. Set the active cooiuinate system to be global caitesian:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Change Active CS to > ulobal Caitesian
21. Reflect the aiea about the X-Z plane (in Y uiiection):
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Reflect > Aieas
o |Pick Allj
o Select X-Z plane, then |0Kj


22. Auu all aieas togethei to foim one single aiea:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans >Auu > Aieas
o |Pick Allj

2S. Tuin woiking plane off:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Bisplay Woiking Plane
o |0Kj


Worksbop 8: Connecting Rod {Import J Clean Up]
Description
You've been given a CAB mouel of a connecting iou that neeus to be analyzeu.
The geometiy uoes not incluue all of the featuies neeueu foi the analysis.
You neeu to auu fillets, thiu holes, anu cieate a symmetiic mouel to simplify the analysis.


1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "c-iou-fix" as
the jobname.
2. Impoit the "c-iou.igs" IuES file using the No uefeatuiing option:
o Click on the |Biowsej button, select the "c-iou.igs" file anu click on
|0penj, then |0Kj
S. Cieate the fiist thiu hole:
a. Cieate Keypoint at hole centei:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > KP at centei > S
keypoints
o Pick thiee keypoints |0Kj
b. 0ffset woikplane to new keypoint:
0tility Nenu > Woikplane > 0ffset WP to > Keypoints +
o Pick new keypoint at centei of hole

c. Cieate cylinuei foi hole:
Cylinuei
o Rauius = 1, Bepth = -1 |0Kj
u. Subtiact cylinuei fiom connecting iou:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > 0peiate > Booleans > Subtiact > volumes +
o Pick the connecting iou |0Kj
o Pick the cylinuei |0Kj


4. Cieate the seconu thiu hole:
a. Cieate Keypoint at hole centei:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > KP at centei > S
keypoints
o Pick thiee keypoints |0Kj

b. 0ffset woikplane to new keypoint:
0tility Nenu > Woikplane > 0ffset WP to > Keypoints +
o Pick new keypoint at centei of hole
c. Cieate cylinuei foi hole:
Cylinuei
o Rauius = u.4, Bepth = -1 |0Kj
u. Subtiact cylinuei fiom connecting iou:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Subtiact >
volumes


o Pick the connecting iou |0Kj
o Pick the cylinuei |0Kj

S. Biviue volume foi symmetiy:
a. Rotate woikplane to uiviue volume:
0tility Nenu > Woikplane > 0ffset WP by inciements .
o Rotate about X, 9u ueg, then |0Kj
b. Biviue volume by woikplane:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Biviue > volu by
WikPlane
o Select the connecting iou, then |0Kj
c. Belete the bottom half of the connecting iou:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Belete > volume anu Below
o Select the bottom volume, then |0Kj

6. Auu fiist fillet:


a. Cieate aiea fillet:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Aieas > Aiea Fillet
o Pick two aieas to cieate fillet |0Kj
o Rauius = 1 |0Kj

b. Cieate aieas fiom fillet lines:
o Pick fiist thiee lines (lines 2, 12, 18) |Applyj
o Pick seconu thiee lines (lines 1, 1S, Su) |0Kj

c. Cieate volume fiom fillet aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Aibitiaiy > By
Aieas
o Pick the five aieas that make up the fillet volume (8, 1u, 12, 1S, 1S), then
|0Kj


u. Auu the fillet anu connecting iou volumes:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Auu > volumes
o |Pick Allj
e. Auu planai aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Booleans > Auu > Aieas
o Pick planai connecting iou fillet aieas on fiont (Aieas 14 & 16) |Applyj
o Pick planai connecting iou fillet aieas on back (Aieas 12 & 6), then
|0Kj

o |0Kj


Module
4

FE MUDELINC

Introduction
FE mouel is the final entity foi all analysis. It consists of element & noues. You have to veiy much
caieful about choosing coiiect element type, uefine its attiibutes, anu uefine the coiiect mesh
paiameteis which will pioviue the accuiate solution.

Ub|ectives
Biffeient Element Attiibutes
Nesh Contiols
Cieate Nesh

Lecture Notes




Training Manual
Element types
Line elements
Shells
2-D solids
3-D solids
Real constants
Material properties
Section properties
Element Attributes

Element Attributes


Training Manual
Global controls
SmartSizing
Global element sizing
Default sizing
Local controls
Keypoint sizing
Line sizing
Area sizing
Mesh Control

Mesb Control


Training Manual
Free Meshing
Mapped Meshing
Extrusion
Sweep
FE Import
Create Mesh

Create Mesb


Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Silo
Description
0sing select logic, assign soliu mouel attiibutes to the silo mouel below anu then mesh it.
The mouel consists of both shells anu beams.


1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "silo" as the
jobname.
2. Resume the "silo.ub1" uatabase file:
0tility Nenu > File > Resume fiom .
o Select the "silo.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Biing up the "Select Entities" menu anu select the cylinuei aieas:
0tility Nenu > Select > Entities .
o Select "Aieas", "By Location", "Z cooiuinates"
o Nin,Nax = u,12u
o |Applyj
o |Plotj


4. Assign soliu mouel attiibutes to the cylinuei aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > NeshTool
o Select "Aieas" unuei Element Attiibutes:, then |Setj
o |Pick Allj fiom the Picking Nenu
o NAT = 2
o REAL = 1
o TYPE = "1 SBELL6S"
o |0Kj fiom the Aiea Attiibutes winuow


S. Select the aieas of the uppei pait of the cone anu assign the soliu mouel attiibutes:
o Select "Aieas"


o |SELE Allj
o |Plotj
o Nin,Nax = -Su,u
o |Applyj
o |Plotj
o NAT = 1
o REAL = 2

6. Select the aieas of the lowei pait of the cone anu assign the soliu mouel attiibutes:


o Nin,Nax = -6u,-Su
o |Applyj
o |Replotj
o NAT = 1
o REAL = S

7. Select the lines in the cone anu assign the soliu mouel attiibutes:
o Select "Lines", "By Location", "Z cooiuinates"
o Nin,Nax = -6u,u
o |Applyj
o |Plotj
o Select "Lines" unuei Element Attiibutes:, then |Setj
o NAT = 1
o REAL = 4
o TYPE = "2 BEAN4"
o |0Kj fiom the Line Attiibutes winuow

Page 1uu Intiouuction to ANSYS

8. Nesh the lines with BEAN4 elements:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > > Neshing > NeshTool
o Select "Lines" unuei Nesh:, then |Neshj
o |Pick Allj
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Style > Size anu Shape
o Check Bisplay of Element Shapes to |0Nj
o |Applyj
o Check Bisplay of Element Shapes to |0FFj
o |0Kj

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 1u1

9. Select eveiything anu mesh the aieas with SBELL6S elements:
0tility Nenu > Select > Eveiything
o Select "Aieas" unuei Nesh:, then |Neshj
o |Pick Allj

Page 1u2 Intiouuction to ANSYS

1u. Tuin on mateiial numbeis foi "Elem Attiib numbeiing" anu plot the elements:
o Elem Attiib numbeiing = "Nateiial numbeis"
o |0Kj

11. Tuin on ieal constant numbeis foi "Elem Attiib numbeiing" anu plot the elements:
o Elem Attiib numbeiing = "Real const num"
o |0Kj

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 1uS

12. Save the mesheu mouel anu exit ANSYS:
0tility Nenu > File > Save as .
o Entei "silo-mesh.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj
o |0Kj


Worksbop 2: Pillow Block
Description
Nesh the pillow block that was cieateu in pievious Woikshop
0se both fiee meshing anu sweep meshing techniques.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "p_block-mesh" as
the jobname.
2. Resume the "p-block.ub1" uatabase file:
Select the "p-block.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Entei the piepiocessoi anu specify the element type to be S0LIB9S:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Element Type > AuuEuitBelete
o |Auu ...j
Choose "Stiuctuial Soliu" anu "Biick 2unoue 9S", then |0Kj
o |Closej

4. Activate Smaitsize meshing anu fiee mesh the mouel with tetiaheuial elements:
o Activate "Smait Size"
o Set Smait Size level to 4
o |Neshj
o |Closej


S. Save the mesheu mouel:
o Entei "p-block-mesh-fiee.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj
6. Sweep mesh the mouel:
a. Cleai the fiee mesh:
o |Cleaij
o |Pick Allj


b. Biviue the base volume in two in oiuei to make it topologically consistent foi sweep
meshing:
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Align WP with > Keypoints +
o Pick the thiee keypoints uisplayeu in the giaphics winuow below, then |0Kj
WikPlane
o Pick the base volume, then |0Kj


c. Activate "tet-mesh" foi volumes that cannot be swept:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Nesh > volume Sweep > Sweep 0pts
o Select "Tet mesh in nonsweepable volumes", then |0Kj

u. Leave Smaitsize level at 4 anu set global element size to u.12S, then sweep mesh the
mouel with biicktet elements:
o Pick |Setj unuei Size Contiols: ulobal
o Set SIZE = u.12S, then |0Kj
o Select "Bex" anu "Sweep", anu leave the uefault "Auto SicTig" setting active
o |Sweepj
o |Yesj - to mesh volume 6 with tetiaheuial elements
e. Save the mesheu mouel:
o Entei "p-block-mesh-sweep.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj


Worksbop 3: Connecting Rod
Description
Nesh a 2-B connecting iou.
Then extiuue the aiea with the mesh to cieate a S-B mesh.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "c-iou-2u-mesh" as
the jobname.
oi
Cleai the ANSYS uatabase anu change the jobname to be "c-iou-2u-mesh":
0tility Nenu > File > Cleai & Stait New ...
0tility Nenu > File > Change }obname ...
2. Resume the "c-iou-2u.ub1" uatabase:
o Select the "c-iou-2u.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Entei the piepiocessoi anu specify the element type to be NESB2uu anu set
keyopt(1)="Q0AB 8-N0BE":
o |Auu ...j
Choose "Not Solveu" anu "Nesh Facet 2uu", then |0Kj
o |0ptions ...j


o Set K1 to "Q0AB 8-N0BE", then |0Kj
o |Closej
4. Set element size to u.1S anu fiee mesh the mouel with quau elements:
o SIZE = u.1S
o |0Kj
o |Neshj
o |Pick Allj

S. Save the mesheu mouel:
o Entei "c-iou-2u-mesh-quau.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj
6. Extiuue the mesheu aiea along its noimal to cieate a SB biick mesh mouel:
a. Auu a S-B biick element:
o |Auu ...j
o |Closej
b. Set element uivisions along extiusion anu then extiuue the aiea:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Elem Ext 0pts
o vAL1 = S foi the No. Elem uivs
o |0Kj
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Aieas > Along Noimal
o Pick aiea numbei 2, then |0Kj
o BIST = u.S, then |0Kj


7. Change to isometiic view:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Pan, Zoom, Rotate .
|IS0j

8. Save the mesheu mouel:
Entei "c-iou-Su-mesh-biick.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj

9. 0se vSWEEP to cieate a S-B biick element mesh :
a. Resume the "c-iou-fix.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "c-iou-fix.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj


b. Entei the piepiocessoi anu specify the element type to be S0LIB9S:
o |Auu ...j
o |Closej

c. Nesh the volume using vSWEEP:
o SIZE = u.1S
o |0Kj
o Select "Bex" anu "Sweep", anu leave the uefault "Auto SicTig"
setting
o |Sweepj
o |Pick Allj
u. Save the mesheu mouel:
o Entei "c-iou-mesh-sweep.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj


Worksbop 4: Cotter Pin
Description
Nesh the cottei pin mouel below using the volume sweep option. The uatabase alieauy has
S-B element type (S0LIB9S) uefineu along with some line uivisions.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "cottei-pin" as the
jobname.
oi
Cleai the ANSYS uatabase anu change the jobname to be "cottei-pin":
2. Resume the "cottei.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "cottei.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Entei the piepiocessoi anu biing up the NeshTool:
o Select "Bex" anu "Sweep", anu leave the uefault "Auto SicTig" setting active
o |Sweepj
o |Pick Allj


4. Befine element size on souice anu taiget aieas:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Size Cntils > NanualSize > Aieas > Pickeu
Aieas
o Pick the two aieas uisplayeu in the giaphics winuow below, then |0Kj
o SIZE = u.u1
o |0Kj

S. Cleai Nesh anu mesh the mouel again using vSWEEP:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Cleai >volumes


o |Pick Allj
o |0Kj
o Select "Bex" anu "Sweep", anu leave the uefault "Auto SicTig" setting
active
o |Sweepj
o |Pick Allj
o |0Kj

6. Save the mesheu mouel:
o Entei "cottei-pin-mesh.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj


Worksbop 5: Impeller
Description
0sing select logic, extiuue a set of 2-B quau mesheu aieas to foim a S-B biick
mesheu volume of an impellei.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "impellei" as the
jobname.
2. Resume the "impellei.ub1" uatabase file that contains a 2-B quau mesheu mouel:
o Select the "impellei.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Plot elements along with the soliu mouel entities:
0tility Nenu > Plot > Nulti-Plots


4. Auu element type 2 as S0LIB4S anu set the uefault TYPE numbei to 2:
o |Auu .j
Select "Stiuctuial Soliu" anu "Biick 8noue 4S", then |0Kj
o |Closej
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > NeshTool .
o Set Element Attiibutes to "ulobal" anu Pick |Setj
o Set TYPE = "2 S0LIB4S", then |0Kj
S. Befine extiuue options anu extiuue all aieas along line numbei 1:
a. Set the numbei of element uivisions to 2 foi extiuue opeiation:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Elem Ext 0pts
o Set vAL1 = 2
o |0Kj
b. Extiuue all aieas along line 1 anu then plot elements:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Aieas > Along Lines
o |Pick Allj
o Entei "1" in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by |Enteij
o |0Kj
0tility Nenu > Plot > Elements

6. Extiuue all fin suiface aieas (18) anu innei iing suiface aieas (2) along line 2:
a. Set the numbei of element uivisions to 9 foi extiuue opeiation:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Elem Ext 0pts .
o Set vAL1 = 9
o |0Kj


b. Select all aieas that lie on the plane Z=u.2S:
0tility Nenu > Select > Entities ...
o Select "Aieas", "By Location", anu "Z cooiuinates"
o Set Nin,Nax = u.2S
o |Applyj
o |Plotj

c. Select the 18 fin suifaces anu the 2 iing suifaces that lie on the plane Z=u.2S:
o Select "Aieas", "By NumPick", anu "Reselect"
o |0Kj
o Pick the 18 fin suifaces anu the 2 iing suifaces
o |0Kj
o 0tility Nenu > Plot > Aieas



u. Extiuue the fin anu iing suiface aieas along line 2:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Extiuue > Aieas > Along Lines
o |Pick Allj
o Entei "2" in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by |Enteij
o |0Kj
7. Save the mesheu mouel anu exit ANSYS:
o Entei "impellei-mesh.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj
o |0Kj


Worksbop : Wbeel
Description
Nesh the wheel mouel below using mixeu fiee anu mappeu meshing.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "wheelb-Su" as the
jobname.
oi
Cleai the ANSYS uatabase anu change the jobname to be "wheelb-Su":
2. Resume the "wheelb.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "wheelb.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Entei the piepiocessoi anu uiviue volume by woiking plane:
WikPlane
o |Pick Allj


4. 0se keypoint numbeiing anu offset woiking plane to keypoint numbei 19:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Numbeiing
o Tuin on Keypoint Numbeis |0Kj
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > 0ffset WP to > Keypoints +
o Select keypoint numbei 19 as shown in the giaphics winuow below, then
|0Kj
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Numbeiing
o Tuin off Keypoint Numbeis |0Kj

S. Biviue volume by woiking plane:
WikPlane
o |Pick Allj


6. Tuin off woiking plane anu set global element size to u.2S:
o SIZE = u.2S
o |0Kj
7. Nap mesh the foui outei volumes with S0LIB4S elements (TYPE 1):
o Select "Bex" anu "Nappeu" unuei Shape:
o |Neshj
o Pick the foui outei volumes (vol. numbeis 1, 2, S, anu S)
o |0Kj

8. Fiee mesh the innei volume using S0LIB9S elements (TYPE 2):
o Pick |Setj unuei Element Attiibutes: ulobal
o TYPE = "2 S0LIB9S", then |0Kj
o SIZE = u.2S
o |0Kj
o Select "Tet" anu "Fiee" unuei Shape:
o |Neshj
o Pick the innei volume (vol. numbei 6)
o |0Kj


9. Conveit the S0LIB9S tet elements into S0LIB92 tet elements:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Nouify Nesh > Change Tets
o |0Kj
1u. Select anu plot the S0LIB9S pyiamiu shapeu elements:
o Select "Elements", "By Attiibutes", "Elem type num"
o Set Nin,Nax,Inc = 2
o |0Kj


11. Select eveiything anu save the uatabase:
0tility Nenu > Select > Eveiything .
o Entei "wheelb-Su-mesh.ub" as the uatabase name, then |0Kj

12. Exit ANSYS:
o |0Kj


Module
5

MATERIAL PRUPERTIES, LUADINC & SULUTIUN

Introduction
The piimaiy objective of a finite element analysis is to examine how a stiuctuie oi component
iesponus to ceitain loauing conuitions. Specifying the piopei loauing conuitions is, theiefoie, a key
step in the analysis. You can apply loaus on the mouel in a vaiiety of ways in the ANSYS piogiam.
With the help of loau step options, you can contiol how the loaus aie actually useu uuiing solution.

Ub|ectives
Befine Nateiial Piopeities
Types of loau
Types of constiaints
Biffeient Solveis


Lecture Notes


Training Manual
Units
ANSYS Defined Material
Material Library
Import
Material Model GUI
Listing Defined Material
Define Material

Define Material


Training Manual
Define Load
DOF Constraints
Concentrated Loads
Surface Loads
Body Loads
Inertia Loads
Nodal Coordinate System
Verifying Load
Plot Load
List Load
Loading & Boundary Conditions

Loading & Boundary Conditions


Training Manual
Solver
Direct elimination
Iterative
Distributed ANSYS
Solution Controls
Solution

Solution

Page 1Su Intiouuction to ANSYS

Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: User Input Material
Description
0sing the Nateiial Nouel u0I, the usei will uefine the following two mateiials:

1S. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "useimat" as the
jobname.
14. 0pen the Nateiial Nouel u0I:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Nateiial Piops > Nateiial Nouels
o Select Stiuctuial > Lineai > Elastic > Isotiopic

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 1S1

1S. Cieate the template foi the input tempeiatuie uata:
Select the "Auu Tempeiatuie" button foui times
Resize the uialog box to uisplay the full template

16. Entei mateiial 1 uata:
Entei the uata foi Nateiial 1 into the uialog box
Note: tbe keyboorJ orrow onJ tob keys con be useJ to noviqote from one box to
onotber
Select the uiaph button, then EX to giaph the EX uata

Page 1S2 Intiouuction to ANSYS

Select the uiaph button, then PRXY to giaph the PRXY uata
|0Kj

17. Entei mateiial 2 uata:
Select "Copy" fiom the "Euit" submenu
Entei "1" anu "2" to copy fiom mateiial numbei "1" to mateiial numbei "2"
|0Kj

18. Entei mateiial 2 uata (cont.):
Bouble click on "Nateiial Nouel Numbei 2"
Bouble click on "Lineai Isotiopic" - sub menu of "Nateiial Numbei 2"
Euit the EX & PRXY input of Nateiial 1 to be coiiect foi Nateiial 2
|0Kj

Intiouuction to ANSYS Page 1SS

Nateiial > Exit


Worksbop 2: Material Library Input
Description
The puipose of this woikshop is to cieate a usei uefineu mateiial, save this usei uefineu
mateiial to a file, anu then impoit the cieateu mateiial file into ANSYS.

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "useilib" as the
jobname.
2. Entei the Biitish 0nits mateiial uata into the Nateiial Nouel u0I as Nateiial 1.
Note: iefeience Woikshop 8A foi uetails if necessaiy.


S. Entei the SI 0nits mateiial uata into the Nateiial Nouel u0I as Nateiial 2 (Bint: copy
mateiial 1 to mateiial 2, anu then euit mateiial 1 piopeities.
Note: iefeience Woikshop 8A foi uetails if necessaiy.

4. Wiite mateiial 1 to a file:
Entei NPWRITE,mateiial_bfin,usei,,LIB,1 in the input winuow:
Bit |Enteij on the keyboaiu
Note: "bfin" has been useu to iuentify a mateiial in Biitish inch units
S. Wiite mateiial 2 to a file:
Entei NPWRITE,mateiial_SI,usei,,LIB,2 in the input winuow:
Bit |Enteij on the keyboaiu
Note: "SI" has been useu to iuentify a mateiial in SI units
6. Cleai the uatabase:
0tility Nenu > File > Cleai & Stait New.
o |0Kj
7. Reau in the cieateu mateiial files:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Nateiial Piops > Nateiial Libiaiy > Impoit Libiaiy
o Select the "0sei" iauio button


o Note: this setting will finu all files that have "usei" in the file extension
o Entei "1" as the mateiial to be ieau in
o 0se the Biowse button to locate the "mateiial_bfin.usei" mateiial file
o Bighlight the "mateiial_bfin.usei" file, anu then select |0penj
o |0Kj
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Nateiial Piops > Nateiial Libiaiy > Impoit Libiaiy
o Entei "2" as the mateiial to be ieau in
o 0se the Biowse button to locate the "mateiial_si.usei" mateiial file
o Bighlight the "mateiial_si.usei" file, anu then select |0penj
o |0Kj
8. uiaph mateiial 1:
o Bouble click on "Nateiial Nouel Numbei 1"
o Bouble click on "Lineai Isotiopic" - sub menu of "Nateiial Numbei 1"
o Select uiaph button, anu then EX
o |0Kj

9. uiaph mateiial 2:
o Bouble click on "Nateiial Nouel Numbei 2"
o Bouble click on "Lineai Isotiopic" - sub menu of "Nateiial Numbei 2"
o Select uiaph button, anu then EX
o |0Kj
o Nateiial > Exit



Worksbop 3: Loading & Solution - 3D Bracket
Description
Apply loaus to the S-B biacket mouel below anu solve using the Spaise iteiative
solvei. The mouel has alieauy been mesheu with S0LIB9S 2u-noueu biicks, anu
Young's Nouulus has been set to Sue6 psi.

Loads and Boundary Conditions


1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "biacket-Su" as
the jobname.
2. Resume the "biacket-Su.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "biacket-Su.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Entei the solution piocessoi anu iestiain tianslations noimal to hole suifaces:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial > Bisplacement >
Symmetiy B.C. > 0n Aieas
o Pick the aieas on the hole suifaces (aiea numbeis S, 4, S, anu 6), then |0Kj
4. To pievent iigiu bouy motion along the Z axis, constiain 0Z tianslation on keypoint 28:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial > Bisplacement > 0n
Keypoints
o Entei keypoint numbei "28" in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by |Enteij
o |0Kj
o Set Lab2 = "0Z", then |0Kj
S. Apply 1uuu psi piessuie loau to the top suiface aiea of the S-B biacket:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial > Piessuie > 0n Aieas
o Pick the top suiface aiea (aiea numbei 11) , then |0Kj
o Set vAL0E = 1uuu, then |0Kj
6. Select the Spaise uiiect solvei:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol'n Contiols
o Pick the "Sol'n 0ptions" tab
o Select the "Spaise uiiect" solvei, then |0Kj


7. Save the uatabase anu obtain the solution:
}obname.ub)
Nain Nenu > Solution > Solve > Cuiient LS
o |0Kj

8. Save the ANSYS uatabase:


Worksbop 4: Loading & Solution - Connecting Rod
Description
Apply loaus to the connecting iou (half-symmetiy) mouel below anu solve using the
SPARSE solvei. The mouel has alieauy been mesheu with S0LIB9S 2u-noueu biicks,
anu Young's Nouulus has been set to Sue6 psi.

Loads and Boundary Conditions

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "conn-iou" as
the jobname.
2. Resume the "conn-iou.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "conn-iou.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj


S. Entei the solution piocessoi anu iestiain tianslations noimal to the laigei hole
suifaces:
o Pick the aieas on the hole suifaces (aiea numbeis 8 anu 9), then |0Kj
4. Apply symmetiy bounuaiy constiaints on all aiea suifaces at Y=u:
o Pick the aieas on the plane Y=u (aiea numbeis 7, 1u anu 1S), then |0Kj
S. To pievent iigiu bouy motion along the Z axis, constiain 0Z tianslation on noue 7u2:
Noues
o Entei noue numbei "7u2" in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by |Enteij
o |0Kj
o Set Lab2 = "0Z", then |0Kj
6. Apply 1uuu psi piessuie loau to aiea numbei 11 locateu on the smallei hole:
o Pick aiea numbei 11, then |0Kj
o Set vAL0E = 1uuu, then |0Kj
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol'n Contiol
}obname.ub)
o |0Kj
9. Save the ANSYS uatabase:


Worksbop 5: Loading & Solution - Wbeel
Description
Apply loaus to the wheel mouel shown in the next sliue anu solve using the SPARSE
solvei.
The mouel has alieauy been mesheu with S0LIB4S biicks, S0LIB9S pyiamius, anu
S0LIB92 tets.
Young's Nouulus has been set to Sue6 psi anu uensity has been set to u.uuu7S lbf-
s
2
in
4
.


Loads

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "wheelb-
omega" as the jobname.
2. Resume the "wheelb-omega.ub1" uatabase file:
o Select the "wheelb-omega.ub1" uatabase file, then |0Kj
S. Select the aieas fiom the aiea component name "aieas_1":
o Bighlight aieas_1 anu click on the Select ComponentAssembly Icon
4. Apply symmetiy bounuaiy conuitions on the selecteu set of aieas:
|Pick Allj
S. Select eveiything anu plot aieas:
0tility Nenu > Select > Eveiything .
6. To pievent iigiu bouy motion, constiain 0Y tianslation on noue SS:


Noues
o Entei noue numbei "SS" in the ANSYS picking menu followeu by |Enteij
o |0Kj
o Set Lab2 = "0Y", then |0Kj
7. Apply iotational velocity of S2S iausec about global Y axis:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial > Ineitia > Angulai
velocity > ulobal
o Set 0NEuY = S2S
o |0Kj
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol'n Contiol
}obname.ub)
o |0Kj
1u. Save anu exit ANSYS:


Module

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Introduction
Stiuctuial analysis is piobably the most common application of the finite element methou. The teim
stiuctuial (oi stiuctuie) implies not only civil engineeiing stiuctuies such as biiuges anu builuings,
but also naval, aeionautical, anu mechanical stiuctuies such as ship hulls, aiiciaft bouies, anu
machine housings, as well as mechanical components such as pistons, machine paits, anu tools.

Ub|ectives
Element Types
Nateiial Piopeities Requiieu
Loaus & Constiaints
Solution 0ptions
Post Piocessing
Biffeient Analysis Types


Lecture Notes


Training Manual
Commonly Used Element Types
Element Types
Category Element Name(s)
Spars LINK1, LINK8, LINK10, LINK180
Beams BEAM3, BEAM4, BEAM23, BEAM24, BEAM44, BEAM54, BEAM188, BEAM189
2-D Solids PLANE25, PLANE42, PLANE82, PLANE83, VISCO88, VISCO106, VISCO108,
PLANE145, PLANE146, PLANE182, PLANE183
3-D Solids SOLID45, SOLID46, SOLID65, VISCO89, SOLID92, SOLID95, VISCO107,
SOLID147, SOLID148, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID191, SHELL281
Shells SHELL28, SHELL41, SHELL43, SHELL61, SHELL63, SHELL91, SHELL93,
SHELL99, SHELL150, SHELL181, SHELL208.

Element Types


Training Manual
Youngs Modulus
Poissons Ratio
Density
Material Properties Required


Page 1Su Intiouuction to ANSYS

Training Manual
DOF Constraints
Concentrated Forces
Pressures
Uniform Temperature
Gravity
Loads & Boundary Conditions



Training Manual
Static
Linear
Nonlinear
Dynamic
Solution Options

Solution Uptions


Training Manual
Deformation
Stresses
Reaction Forces
General Post Processing (POST1)
Time History Post Processing (POST26)
Animation
Post Processing

Post Processing


Training Manual
Linear Static Analysis
Nonlinear Analysis
Modal Analysis
Transient Dynamic Analysis
Buckling Analysis
Types of Analysis

Types of Analysis


Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results



Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results
Non Linear Static Analysis

Non Linear Static Analysis


Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results
Modal Analysis

Modal Analysis


Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results



Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results
Buckling Analysis

Buckling Analysis


Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Linear Static Analysis - Latbe Cutter
Description
Solve a S-B stiess analysis of the lathe cuttei mouel below. Review the iesults in the geneial
postpiocessoi by:
plotting the uisplacements
listing ieaction foices
plotting the von Nises stiess
animating the von Nises stiess
Resolve the solution using a uiffeient set of constiaints anu compaie the stiess iesults to the fiist
solution.

Loaus anu Nateiial Piopeities foi the fiist solution:


Loaus anu Nateiial Piopeities foi the seconu solution:

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "cuttei" as the
jobname.
2. Set the u0I Piefeiences to Stiuctuial:
Nain Nenu > Piefeiences
o Select "Stiuctuial", then |0Kj

S. Impoit the "cuttei.igs" IuES file (uimensioneu in centimeteis) using the "No
uefeatuiing" option:
0tility Nenu > File > Impoit > IuES .
o Select "cuttei.igs", then |0penj
o |0Kj


4. Scale the mouel by conveiting centimeteis to inches:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > 0peiate > Scale > volumes
o |Pick Allj
Entei 12.S4 foi RX, RY, anu RZ
Set IN0vE to "Noveu", then |0Kj


S. Reau input fiom "cuttei-aiea.inp" to cieate a small aiea foi applying piessuie loau at
tip:
0tility Nenu > File > Reau Input fiom .
o Select "cuttei-aiea.inp", then |0Kj

6. Specify the element type:
o |Auu ...j
Select "Stiuctuial Soliu" anu "Tet 1unoue 92", then |0Kj
o |Closej


7. Befine elastic mouulus foi mateiial 1 to be 1ue6 (Aluminum):
o Stiuctuial -> Lineai -> Elastic -> Isotiopic
o Set EX = 1ue6 (Young's mouulus in psi foi Aluminum)
o Set PRXY = .S2
o |0Kj
o Select Nateiial > Exit

8. Activate smaitsize meshing anu mesh the mouel with tetiaheuial elements:
o Activate "Smait Size"
o Set Smait Size level to 4
o |Neshj
o |Pick Allj
o |Closej


9. Apply aiea "symmetiy" constiaint to iestiain attachment iegion:
o Pick aieas 18, 19, 2S, anu 26, then |0Kj


1u. Apply piessuie loau at tip:
o Pick aiea 1, then |0Kj
o vAL0E = 1uuuu
o |0Kj

Click the "SAvE_BB" button in the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File > Save as
}obname.ub)
o Review the "STAT0S Commanu" winuow anu then close it
o |0Kj
o |Closej - to close the yellow message winuow aftei the solution is completeu


12. Review the iesults:
a. Plot uisplacements:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Plot Results > Contoui Plot > Noual Solu
o Select B0F solution > Bisplacement vectoi sum anu Befoimeu shape with
unuefoimeu euge, then |0Kj


b. List ieaction foices:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > List Results > Reaction Solu
o Select "All items", then |0Kj

c. Plot von Nises stiess:
o Select Noual Solution > Stiess > von Nises stiess anu Befoimeu shape only,
then |0Kj



u. Captuie the image then minimize :
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Captuie Image .
Ninimize the winuow foi latei compaiison

e. Animate the von Nises stiess:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Animate > Befoimeu Results ...
o Select "Stiess" anu "von Nises SEQv", then |0Kj


1S. Close the animation anu uelete the aiea symmetiy constiaints:
|Closej
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Belete > Stiuctuial > Bisplacement > 0n
Aieas
o Pick aieas 18, 19, 2S, anu 26, then |0Kj
o |0Kj
14. Apply "ALL B0F" constiaint to aieas 18, 19, anu 26:
Aieas
o Pick aieas 18, 19, anu 26, then |0Kj
o Select "All B0F" , then |0Kj
1S. Change the title:
0tility Nenu > File > Change Title .
o Type in the title: Lathe Cuttei - with ALL B0F constiaint on aieas at hole
o |0Kj
}obname.ub)


o |0Kj
o |Closej
17. Review the iesults:
o Select Noual Solution > Stiess > von Nises stiess
o |0Kj


Pick the "Q0IT" button fiom the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File > Exit...)
o Select "Save Eveiything"
o |0Kj


Worksbop 2: Nonlinear Static Analysis - Larged
Deflection Arcbed Beam
Description:
A shallow aich is subjecteu to a 2u,uuuN foice at its miuspan. Beteimine the miuspan uisplacement
using both a lineai anu nonlineai (laige-ueflection) analysis, then compaie the iesults.
Nateiial Piopeities anu Cioss-Section:
EX = 21ueS NPa, PRXY = u.S
2S mm x 12.S mm iectangulai cioss-section
Loaus anu Bounuaiy Conuitions:
Concentiateu noual foice of 2u,uuu N at miuspan
Enus fixeu in tianslational B0F only (pinneu suppoits)

1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "beamaich" as
the jobname.
2. We iecommenu builuing the mouel using steps S-12, but if you uon't want to, you may
ieau in the beamaich.inp input file, then skip to step 1S.
0tility Nenu > File > Reau input fiom .
S. Befine 4 keypoints in the global cylinuiical system: kp1 at (127u,7S), kp2 at (127u,9u),
kpS at (127u,1uS), kp4 at (127usin4S, 9u). Kp4 is the oiientation keypoint.
0tility Nenu > WoikPlane > Change Active CS to > ulobal Cylinuiical
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Keypoints > In Active CS
0tility Nenu > Paiameteis > Angulai 0nits ...
4. Befine lines (aics) fiom keypoints 1 to 2 anu keypoints 2 to S:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Noueling > Cieate > Lines > Lines > In Active
Cooiu


S. Befine the element type to be BEAN189, anu then uefine mateiial piopeities (EX=21ueS
NPa, PRXY=u.S):
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Nateiial Piops > Nateiial Nouels: Stiuctuial -
Lineai - Elastic - Isotiopic
6. Constiain the 0X, 0Y, anu 0Z uiiections at keypoints 1 anu S, anu then constiain only
the 0Z uiiection at keypoint 2:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Loaus > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial >
Bisplacement > 0n Keypoints
7. Apply a foice of 2u,uuu N in the negative Y uiiection at keypoint 2:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Loaus > Befine Loaus > Apply > Stiuctuial >
FoiceNoment > 0n Keypoints

8. Befine the beam's section piopeities:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Sections > Beam > Common Sectns
o IB = 1
o Sub-Type = <iectangle>
o 0ffset = Centioiu
o B = 2S
o B = 12.S
o |0Kj


9. Assign attiibutes, incluuing the oiientation keypoint, to the lines:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Nesh Attiibutes > All Lines
o NAT = 1
o TYPE = "1 BEAN189"
o SECT = 1
o Pick 0iientation Keypoint(s) = "yes"
o |0Kj
o Pick keypoint 4, then |0Kj


1u. Set 1u element uivisions on all lines:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Size Cntils > NanualSize > Lines > All
Lines
11. Nesh all the lines:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Nesh > Lines
12. Tuin ESBAPE on anu set EFACET to two, anu then plot the elements:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Style > Size anu Shape ...


1S. Save the uatabase anu obtain the lineai solution:
Pick the "SAvE_BB" button in the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File > Save
as }obname.ub)
14. Select noue numbei 2 (miu-span noue), then entei P0ST1 anu piint the noual
uisplacements:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > List Results > Noual Solution

1S. Select eveiything anu entei the solution piocessoi to solve the nonlineai solution:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol'n Contiols
o Activate "Laige Bisplacement Static" unuei Analysis 0ptions
o Set Numbei of substeps = 1u
o |0Kj


16. List the uisplacement of noue 2:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > List Results > Noual Solution

17. Select eveiything anu set uisplacement scaling to S, then plot the 0Y uisplacement
iesults:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Style > Bisplacement Scaling . 0sei Specifieu


18. Animate the 0Y uisplacement iesults:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Animate > Befoimeu Results .



Worksbop 3: Modal Analysis - U Bracket
Description:
Extiact the fiist ten moues of the u-biacket mouel using the Block Lanczos methou. List the
fiequencies anu plot the von Nises stiess foi all the moues. Next, plot the moue shape foi the fiist
moue anu then animate it.
Nateiial Piopeities:
EX = Su,u2S,28u psi
PRXY = u.29
BENS = 7.S46S44e-S
Bounuaiy Conuitions:
Fix topmost aiea (aiea 17)


1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "u_biacket" as
the jobname.
2. Resume the "u_biacket.ub1" uatabase file:
S. Entei Solution anu constiain all uofs on the aiea on top of the u-biacket (aiea numbei
17):
Aieas

4. Befine the analysis type as moual:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis
S. Befine analysis options:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis 0ptions
o No. of moues to extiact = 1u
o No. of moues to expanu = 1u
o Elcalc = Yes


as }obname.ub)
7. Entei the ueneial Postpiocessoi anu list the ten fiequencies:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Results Summaiy


8. Plot the von Nises stiess with unuefoimeu euge foi the fiist moue shape:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Fiist Set

9. Plot the von Nises stiess foi the next moue shape:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Next Set


1u. Repeat step 9 to view the von Nises stiess plots foi the othei fiequencies:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Next Set
11. Plot the moue shape incluuing the unuefoimeu euge foi the fiist moue:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Fiist Set

12. Animate the fiist moue shape:
0tility Nenu > PlotCtils > Animate > Noue Shape ...

1S. Save anu exit ANSYS:


Worksbop 4: Transient Dynamic Analysis
Description
In this example we will obseive the ueflection ovei time of the enu of a beam hit with a shoit-
uuiation impact. The beam is 1 metei long, has a 2 cm by 2 cm squaie cioss-section, anu is maue of
aluminum.
Preprocessor
Element type:
1. 0n the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'Element type'.
2. Click 'AuuEuitBelete'.
S. Click 'Auu'.
4. Choose 'Beam' unuei the Stiuctuial heauing fiom the list on the left, anu '2B elastic S' fiom
the list on the iight, then click '0K'.
Real constants:
1. Click 'Real constants' on the Piepiocessoi menu.
2. Click 'Auu'
S. Click '0K' in the Element Type foi Real Constants box.
4. Entei 4e-4 foi the cioss-sectional aiea, 16e-812 foi the aiea moment foi ineitia (ANSYS
will uo the aiithmetic foi us), anu 2e-2 foi the total beam height, then click '0K'.
Nateiial piopeities:
1. Click 'Nateiial Piops' on the Piepiocessoi menu.
2. Click 'Nateiial Nouels', then click '0K'.
S. Bouble-click 'Stiuctuial' in the iight siue of the winuow, then 'Lineai', then 'Elastic', then
finally 'Isotiopic'.
4. Entei in 7ue9 foi Young's mouulus, 2.7eS foi uensity, anu u.S foi Poisson's iatio.
Noueling:
1. 0nuei the '-Noueling-' heauing on the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'Cieate'.
2. Click 'Keypoints'.
S. Click 'In Active CS'.


4. Befine the following keypoints:
Keypoint X Y
1 0 0
2 1 0
S. 0n the Cieate menu, unuei the '-Lines-' heauing click 'Lines'.
6. Click 'In Active Cooiu'.
7. Click the two keypoints, then click '0K'.
Mesbing:
1. 0n the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'NeshTool'.
2. 0nuei Lines in the Size Contiols section, click 'Set'.
S. In the pick box, click 'Pick All'. (This is fastei than clicking the one line then clicking '0K').
4. Entei 2u into the box foi numbei of element uivisions, then click '0K'.
S. In the NeshTool box, click 'Nesh'; in the pick box, click 'Pick All'.
The mouel is now mesheu, anu you aie uone in the Piepiocessoi.
Solution
Befining the analysis:
1. 0n the Solution menu, click 'New Analysis'.
2. Choose 'Tiansient', then click '0K'.
Applying loaus:
In a tiansient analysis in ANSYS, the total time span of the analysis is bioken up into "loau steps",
specific peiious of uiffeient loauing configuiations. In this analysis we will use foui loau steps:
Rampeu application of the foice to the enu of the beam fiom time u to 1u-S
seconus.
Constant foice on the beam fiom 1u-S seconus to Sx1u-S seconus
Rampeu iemoval of the foice fiom Sx1u-S seconus to 6x1u-S seconus
No applieu loaus fiom 6x1u-S seconus to u.u6 seconus.
In uefining these loau steps we will take auvantage of ANSYS's featuie of automatically iamping
loaus to theii final values.


Fiist loau step:
1. 0nuei the '-Loaus-' heauing on the Solution menu, click 'Apply'.
2. Click 'Bisplacement'.
S. Click '0n Keypoints'.
4. Click the left enu of the beam, then click '0K'.
S. Click 'All B0F', then click '0K'.
6. 0n the Apply Loaus menu, click 'FoiceNoment'.
7. Click '0n Keypoints'.
8. Click the iight enu of the beam, then click '0K'.
9. Choose the uiiection of the foice as FY anu entei a value of 1eS (1 kN), then click '0K'.
1u. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing click '0utput Ctils'.
11. Click 'BBResults File'.
12. Choose a file wiite fiequency of once eveiy substep, then click '0K'.
1S. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing click 'TimeFiequency'.
14. Click 'Time - Time Step'.
1S. Entei a time at the enu of the loau step of 1e-S anu a time step of 1e-6, then click '0K'.
16. 0n the Solution menu, click 'Wiite LS File'.
17. Entei a loau step numbei of 1, then click '0K'.
Seconu loau step:
We will be able to keep most of the same settings from the previous load step now.
1. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing click 'TimeFiequency'.
S. Entei a time at the enu of the loau step of Se-S anu a time step size of Se-6, the click '0K'.
We will keep the same loauing, constiaints, anu so foith. The foice on the enu of the beam was
iampeu in the last loau step, but since in this loau step it has the same staiting anu enuing value it
will be constant.
S. Entei a loau step numbei of 2, then click '0K'.
Thiiu loau step:
1. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loaus-' heauing click 'Belete'.
2. Click 'FoiceNoment' unuei the '-Stiuctuial-' heauing.
S. Click '0n Keypoints'.


4. Click the iight enu of the beam, then click '0K'.
S. Leave the foicemoment to be ueleteu set to 'ALL', anu click '0K'.
6. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing click 'TimeFiequency.
8. Entei a time at the enu of the loau step of 6e-S anu a time step size of 1e-6, then click '0K'.
1u. Entei in a loau step numbei of S, then click '0K'.
Fouith loau step:
1. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing click 'TimeFiequency'.
S. Entei in a time at the enu of the loau step of u.u6 anu a time step of 6e-4. (This will iesult in
a laige numbei of inuiviuual steps in solution, but since each step in this tiansient analysis
takes a veiy shoit amount of time the total time foi solution will still be okay.)
S. Entei a loau step numbei of 4, then click '0K'.
Solving the pioblem:
1. 0n the Solution menu, unuei the '-Solve-' heauing click 'Fiom LS Files'.
2. Entei a staiting loau step numbei of 1 anu an enuing loau step numbei of 4, then click '0K'.
ANSYS will now solve the pioblem accoiuing to the loau step files.
Postprocessor
Foi pioblems with multiple steps, we use the Time Bistoiy Postpiocessoi. In this pioblem, we will
use the Time Bistoiy Postpiocessoi to giaph the ueflection of the beam tip veisus time.
1. 0n the ANSYS main menu, click 'TimeBist Postpio'.
2. Click 'Befine vaiiables'.
S. Click 'Auu'.
4. Leave the type of vaiiable set to 'Noual B0F iesult' anu click '0K'.
S. Click the iight enu of the beam, then click '0K'.
6. Choose 'Tianslation 0Y' fiom the box at the iight. You can also give the vaiiable a name such
as "uisp_enu" in the usei-specifieu label box. Then click '0K'.
7. 0n the TimeBist Postpiocessoi menu, click 'uiaph vaiiables'.
8. Entei '2' as the fiist vaiiable to giaph (in this section ANSYS only iecognizes vaiiable
iefeience numbeis, not usei-specifieu names). Then click '0K'.


The giaph is shown in Figuie


Worksbop 5: Buckling Analysis
Description
In this example we will finu the ciitical loau foi buckling of a thin flat plate by eigenvalue buckling
analysis.
The plate to be analyzeu is shown in Figuie. It is 2u cm long, 1u cm wiue, 1 mm thick, anu maue of
steel with E = 21u uPa anu nu = u.S. Thin plate buckling theoiy pieuicts that it will buckle in the
seconu moue when the applieu loau is 7S.9 kNm.

Preprocessor
Element type:
Because the plate will uevelop out-of-plane uisplacements, we will neeu to use a shell element type
foi it.
1. 0n the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'Element Type'.
2. Click 'AuuEuitBelete'.
S. Click 'Auu'.


4. Choose 'Shell' unuei the Stiuctuial heauing fiom the list on the left, anu 'Elastic 8noue 9S'
fiom the list on the iight, then click '0K'.
Real constants:
1. Click 'Real Constants' on the Piepiocessoi menu.
2. Click 'Auu'.
S. Click '0K' in the Element Type foi Real Constants box.
4. Entei u.uu1 (1 mm) in all foui boxes foi shell thickness, then click '0K'.
Nateiial piopeities:
1. Click 'Nateiial Piops' on the Piepiocessoi menu.
2. Click 'Nateiial Nouels', then click '0K'.
S. Bouble-click 'Stiuctuial' in the iight siue of the winuow, then 'Lineai', then 'Elastic', then
finally 'Isotiopic'.
4. Entei in 21ue9 (21u uPa) foi Young's mouulus anu u.S foi Poisson's iatio, then click '0K'.
Modeling:
1. 0nuei the '-Noueling-' heauing on the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'Cieate'.
2. 0nuei the '-Aieas-' heauing, click 'Rectangle'.
S. Click 'By Bimensions'.
4. Entei in the following values:
X1 0
X2 0.2
Y1 0
Y2 0.1
Then click '0K'.
Mesbing:
1. 0n the Piepiocessoi menu, click 'NeshTool'.
2. 0nuei Lines in the Size Contiols section, click 'Set'.
S. Pick the left anu iight euges of the plate, then click '0K'.
4. Set the numbei of element uivisions to 8, then click 'Apply'. (We uesiie a ieasonably fine
mesh foi accuiacy, but of couise not too fine.)
S. Pick the top anu bottom euges of the plate, anu set the numbei of element uivisions to 16.


6. Choose 'Nap' unuei the Neshei heauing. This will give a simple giiu of elements fiom the
line size contiols we just set.
7. Click 'Nesh', then click 'Pick All' on the Nesh Aieas pick box. (This is fastei than picking the
plate, then clicking '0K'). ANSYS will now mesh the plate.
You aie now uone with the Piepiocessoi.
Solution {static analysis]
Applying bounuaiy conuitions:
1. Click 'Apply' unuei the '-Loaus-'heauing on the Solution menu.
2. Click 'Bisplacement'.
S. Click '0n Lines'.
4. Click 'Pick All' in the pick box to apply uisplacement to all the euges.
S. Select 0Z to be constiaineu, then entei a uisplacement value of u anu click '0K'.
Applying loaus:
The eigenvalue buckling analysis outputs scale factois on the pie-existing loaus iathei than loaus
themselves, so it is most convenient to apply unit loaus.
1. 0n the Apply Loaus menu, click 'Piessuie'.
2. Click '0n Lines'.
S. Pick the left anu iight euges of the plate, then click '0K'.
4. Entei in a piessuie value of 1, then click '0K'.
Tuining on piestiess effects:
Piestiess effects must be incluueu in an eigenvalue buckling analysis. Tuin on piestiess effects by
typing"PSTRES, 0N" (without the quotes) anu piessing Entei in the ANSYS commanu winuow.
WITB00T T0RNINu 0N PRESTRESS EFFECTS Y00 WILL N0T BE ABLE T0 PERF0RN TBE
B0CKLINu ANALYSIS.
Solving the static analysis:
1. 0n the Solution menu unuei the 'Solve' heauing, click 'Cuiient LS'.
2. Review the solution infoimation given. If eveiything is in oiuei click '0K'. ANSYS will then
solve thestatic analysis.


Solution {eigenvalue buckling analysis]
Setting the eigenvalue buckling analysis type:
1. 0n the Solution menu unuei the '-Analysis Type-' heauing, click 'New Analysis'.
2. Choose 'Eigen Buckling', then click '0K'. The Solution menu will uisappeai aftei this, anu you
will neeu to biing it back up.
Setting analysis options:
1. 0n the Solution menu, click 'Analysis 0ptions'.
2. Set the moue extiaction methou to 'Subspace', anu entei in 2 foi the numbei of moues to
extiact (we aie only inteiesteu in the fiist moue in which it buckles, but the absence of any
constiaints on iotation about the Z axis will intiouuce an extia "buckling" moue of simple
iotation at a loau of appioximately u). Then click '0K'.
S. In the Subspace Eigenvalue Buckling box that appeais, leave all the settings at theii uefaults
anu click '0K'.
Setting moue expansion options:
1. 0nuei the '-Loau Step 0pts-' heauing, click 'ExpansionPass'.
2. Click 'Expanu Noues'.
S. Entei 2 in the box foi numbei of moues to expanu, then click '0K'.
Solving the eigenvalue buckling analysis:
1. 0n the Solution menu unuei '-Solve-', click 'Cuiient LS'.
2. Review the solution infoimation given. If eveiything is in oiuei click '0K'. ANSYS will then
solve the eigenvalue buckling analysis.
Postprocessor
Listing buckling loaus:
1. 0n the ueneial Postpiocessoi menu, click 'Results Summaiy'. The numbei in the
'TINEFREQ' column is the buckling loau. ANSYS gives the buckling loau as 7S,127 Nm,
close to the expecteu value of 7S.9 kNm.


viewing the buckleu shape:
1. 0n the ueneial Postpiocessoi menu unuei the '-Reau Results-'heauing, click 'Last Set'. This
will ieau in the seconu set of moue iesults, the one foi the actual buckling moue.
2. 0n the ueneial Postpiocessoi menu, click 'Plot Results'.
S. 0nuei the '-Contoui Plot-' heauing, click 'Noual Solu'.
4. In the left box select 'B0F solution', anu in the iight box select 'Tianslation 0Z', then click
'0K'.
Figuie shows the iesults; the plate buckles in moue 2 as expecteu.


Module
7

THERMAL ANALYSIS

Introduction
Theimal simulations play an impoitant iole in the uesign of many engineeiing applications,
incluuing inteinal combustion engines, tuibines, heat exchangeis, piping systems, anu electionic
components. In many cases, engineeis follow a theimal analysis with a stiess analysis to calculate
theimal stiesses (that is, stiesses causeu by theimal expansions oi contiactions).

Ub|ectives
Element Types
Nateiial Piopeities Requiieu
Loaus & Constiaints
Solution 0ptions
Post Piocessing
Biffeient Analysis Types


Lecture Notes


Training Manual
Commonly Used Element Types
Element Types
Category Element Name(s)
Spars LINK31, LINK32, LINK33, LINK34
2-D Solids PLANE35, PLANE55, PLANE77
3-D Solids SOLID70, SOLID87, SOLID90
Shells SHELL57, SHELL131, SHELL132

Element Types


Training Manual
Thermal Conductivity
Temperature
Density



Training Manual
Temperatures
Heat flow
Heat flux
Convections
Heat generation
Adiabatic surfaces
Radiation


Page 2uu Intiouuction to ANSYS

Training Manual
Steady State
Transient
Solution Options

Solution Uptions


Training Manual
Temperature
Thermal Gradient
Thermal Flux
Reaction Forces
General Post Processing (POST1)
Time History Post Processing (POST26)
Animation
Post Processing

Post Processing


Training Manual
Steady State Analysis
Transient Thermal Analysis
Types of Analysis

Types of Analysis


Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results



Training Manual
Objective
Material Properties
Solution Options
Review Results
Transient Thermal Analysis

Transient Tbermal Analysis


Lab Worksbop
Worksbop 1: Axisymmetric Pipe witb Fins
Description
A pipe with cooling fins is to be analyzeu foi tempeiatuie anu theimal flux uistiibutions
unuei given loauing conuitions (see next page).
The mouel is axisymmetiic. Also, only half the fin is moueleu, so the bottom of the mouel is
a symmetiy bounuaiy.

Loaus


1. Entei ANSYS in the woiking uiiectoiy specifieu by youi instiuctoi using "pipe-th" as the
jobname.
2. Set the u0I Piefeiences to Theimal:
Nain Nenu > Piefeiences .
o Select "Theimal", then |0Kj
S. Reau input fiom "pipe-th.inp" to cieate the 2-B axisymmetiic mouel anu specify mesh
uivisions on lines:

0tility Nenu > File > Reau Input fiom .
o Select "pipe-th.inp", then |0Kj

4. Specify the element type to be PLANESS anu set keyopt(S)=axisymmetiic:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Element Type > AuuEuitBelete .
o |Auu ...j
Pick "Theimal Soliu" anu "Quau 4noue SS", then |0Kj
o |0ptions ...j
Set KS = Axisymmetiic, then |0Kj
o |Closej


S. Reau in mateiial piopeities fiom the mateiial libiaiy foi Su4 Stainless Steel:
Nain Nenu > Piepiocessoi > Nateiial Piops > Nateiial Libiaiy > Impoit
Libiaiy.
o Select "BIN", then |0Kj
Ask youi instiuctoi foi the path to matlib uiiectoiy Befault path
is: C:\Piogiam Files\Ansys Inc\v1uu\ANSYS\matlib
o Select "Stl_AISI-Su4.BIN_NPL", then |0Kj
o Review the ansuitmp winuow
o Close the ansuitmp winuow

6. Nesh the mouel using mappeu meshing with 2-B quau elements:
o SIZE = u.2S2, then |0Kj
o Select "Nappeu", then |Neshj
o |Pick Allj
o |Closej


7. Apply convection loaus to the soliu mouel lines:
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Theimal > Convection > 0n
Lines
o Pick the outei foui lines (1u, 2, 7, anu 6), then |0Kj
o Set vALI = u.69e-4 anu vAL2I = 7u, then |0Kj
Nain Nenu > Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Theimal > Convection > 0n
Lines
o Pick the innei two lines (9 anu 1S), then |0Kj
o Set vALI = u.28e-S anu vAL2I = 4Su, then |0Kj


as }obname.ub)
o Review the "STAT0S Commanu" winuow anu then close it
o |0Kj
9. Entei the geneial postpiocessoi anu ieview the iesults:
Nain Nenu > ueneial Postpioc >
a. Plot tempeiatuies:
o Pick Noual Solution > B0F solution > Tempeiatuie, then |0Kj


b. Plot theimal flux:
o Pick Noual Solution > Theimal flux > theimal flux vectoi sum, then |0Kj


c. Plot theimal giauient:
o Pick Noual Solution > Theimal uiauient > Theimal giauient vectoi sum,
then |0Kj

1u. Save anu exit ANSYS:
Pick the "Q0IT" button fiom the Toolbai (oi select: 0tility Nenu > File > Exit...)
o Select "Save Eveiything"
o |0Kj


Worksbop 2: Transient Thermal Analysis of a Fin
Description
A cylinuiical coppei fin conuucts heat away fiom its base at 1uuC anu tiansfeis it to a suiiounuing
fluiu at 2SuC thiough convection. The convection heat tiansfei coefficient is 1u Wm
2
K. The coppei
has atheimal conuuctivity (k) of S98 Wm K, a specific heat (Cp) of S8S }Kg K, anu a uensity of
89SS Kgm
S

Beteimine the following:
(a) the time to ieach steauy state
(b) the steauy state tempeiatuie uistiibution (using a tiansient analysis)
(c) the tempeiatuie uistiibution aftei Su seconus
(u) the animateu histoiy of tempeiatuie in the fin ovei time
(e) the steauy state heat tiansfei iate thiough the base of the fin (using a tiansient
analysis)
(f) the steauy state tempeiatuie uistiibution anu heat tiansfei iate thiough the base
using a steauy state theimal analysis
Foi the tiansient analysis, we will assume that the fin has an initial tempeiatuie of 2SC. At time
t=u, heat will begin to flow fiom the base into the fin wheie some of the heat is stoieu (hence the
neeu foi the specific heat anu uensity) anu some of it is convecteu away. Aftei a peiiou of time, the
tempeiatuie uistiibution in the fin will become steauy. Steauy state solutions iequiie that the
system of equations uefining the mouel be solveu only 0NCE, while tiansient solutions iequiie a
new solution foi each time step. Foi example, ANSYS will ueteimine the tempeiatuie uistiibution at
t=u.1 s baseu on the initial conuitions. Next, ANSYS will ueteimine the tempeiatuie uistiibution at t
= u.2 s baseu on the tempeiatuie uistiibution at t=u.1 s (anu so on). Solution accuiacy is a function
of the size of the time steps as well as chaiacteiistics of the mesh.4uu


Build Model:
1. Piepiocessoi >Element type > AuuEuitBelete > (Auu) > Theimal Nass > Soliu > ( Soliu
87) > 0K (This 1u noue tetiaheuial element woiks well foi the cuiveu euges of the fin)
2. Piepiocessoi > Nateiial piopeities > Nateiial mouels > Theimal > Entei Conuuctivity >
Isotiopic > KXX = S98, Specific heat C = S8S, Bensity BENS = 89SS
S. Piepiocessoi >Noueling > Cieate > volumes > Cylinuei > Soliu cylinuei > WP X = u, WP Y =
u, Rauius = u.u12S, Bepth = u.4 (use PlotCtils to view an isometiic of the cylinuei)
4. Piepiocessoi > Neshing > Nesh tool > Tuin on smait size to 4 > Nesh > volumes > Nesh
>(lck Lhe body) > Ck

Define Loads, Time Stepping Uptions, Uutput Uptions & Solve:
1. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Tiansient > 0K > Full > 0K
2. Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Theimal > Tempeiatuie > 0n Aieas > (pick base of fin) >
TENP 1uu > 0K
S. Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Theimal > Convection > 0n Aieas > (pick all of the aieas
except foi the base - theie aie S - just click S times neai the tip of the fin) > Film Coefficient
= 1u, Bulk Tempeiatuie = 2S > 0K
4. Solution > Befine Loaus > Apply > Initial Conuit'n > Befine > Pick All > Lab = TENP, vAL0E =
2S (ANSYS will iemembei the base tempeiatuie anu the convection conuitions you enteieu
foi the steauy state solution, so you uon't have to ie-entei them. You can use the "List" tool
to view these conuitions)


S. Solution > Loau Step 0pts > TimeFiequenc > Time-Time Step > Set TINE = 1uuuu (at the
top), KBC = steppeu, A0T0TS = Piog Chosen, Ninimum time step size = u.u1, maximum time
step size = 2uu > 0K (We will let the ANSYS take chaige of choosing the appiopiiate time
step, limiting the time step to 2uus)
6. Solution > Loau Step 0pts > 0utput Ctils > BBResults File > FREQ = eveiy substep > 0K
(setting this option will allow us to see contoui plots anu obtain othei iesults at any time
step between t = u anu t = 1u,uuus)
7. Solution > Solve > Cuiient LS > 0K
It will take the mouel a while to iun since it will iequiie at least Su time steps (max time = 1uuuu
uiviueu by maximum time step = 2uu)
Time History Post Processing:
1. Timehist postpioc > Befine vaiiables > Auu > Noual B0F Result > 0K > Select a noue
ianuomly at the miuule of the enu of the fin > 0K > NvAR = 2, B0F solution =Temp >0K
2. Timehist Postpioc > uiaph vaiiables > NvAR1 = 2 > 0K (This gives the vaiiation of
tempeiatuie with iespect to time at that noue. Notice that steauy state conuitions aie
ieacheu at about Suuus, with a value of 8u uegiees C at the tip)


S. Timehist Postpioc > List vaiiables >NvAR1 = 2 > 0K (this lists the tempeiatuie as a
function of time at the tip, as shown below)

Ceneral Post Processing:
1. ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Last Set
2. ueneial Postpioc > Plot Results >Contoui Plot > Noual Solution >B0F Solution > Noual
Tempeiatuie > 0K (this is the tempeiatuie uistiibution at 1u,uuus oi the steauy state
tempeiatuies)


S. ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > By TimeFieq > Entei TINE = Su > 0K
4. ueneial Postpioc > Plot Results >Contoui Plot > Noual Solution >B0F Solution > Noual
Tempeiatuie > 0K (this is the tempeiatuie uistiibution at Sus)


S. Ceneral osLproc > 8ead resulLs > 8y Llme/freq >LnLer 1lML = 180 > Ck
6. Ceneral osLproc > loLresulLs > ConLour ploL >nodal soluLlon > uClsoluLlon >
Noualtempeiatuie > 0K (Notice the changes in the tempeiatuie uistiibution ielative to the
tempeiatuies at Sus.Bighei tempeiatuies aie moving fuithei uown the iou.)

7. PlotCtils > Animate > 0vei Time > click on Time Range anu entei u foi a minimum time anu
Suuu foi a maximum time > 0K (This will show an animation of tempeiatuie with time. You
can vaiy settings.)
8. ueneial Postpioc > Reau Results > Last Set
9. ueneial Postpioc > List Results > Reaction Solu > Beat flow > 0K (scioll to the bottom of the
list to see that the steauy state total heat flow thiough the base of the fin is 19.7 W)

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