cytokinesis -

division of the cytoplasm, usually at the end of nuclear division.

chromosomes -

discrete structures which occur in eukaryotic cell nuclei, contain one or two DNA double helices (in their unreplicated and replicated forms respectively), and are associated with protein especially when condensed.

spindle fibers centrioles -

protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division. structures in the cytoplasm from which the spindle apparatus forms.

Nucleotide

- The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The process of cell division occurring in most cells, in which each daughter cell receives a full chromosome complement.

Mitosis -

Meiosis -

The cell division process in germline cells by which the chromosome complement is reduced from the diploid to the haploid number.

Haploid -

Possessing one copy of each chromosome, and therefore of each gene.

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Gene Diploid Centromere-

A unit of DNA sequence that encodes specific function. Classical definitions limit it to those elements that code for protein. - Possessing two copies of each autosomal chromosome, and therefore of each (autosomal) gene. The constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome.

Crossing-over Sister chromatids Chromatid G1 stage -

The exchange of chromosome segments that occurs during prophase I in meiosis. they are a pair of chromatids attached at the centromere.

- One of two replications of a chromosome formed prior to cell division and joined together at their centromeres. first stage in interphase, during which cellular growth and development takes place; precedes DNA synthesis or the S stage .

interphase -

the portion of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing; includes G1, S and G2 stages.

metaphase -

stage of mitosis in which replicated chromosomes align at the center of the cell.

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S-phase -

second stage of interphase between G1 and G2; period of DNA replication.

somatic cell -

any cell in the body that is not a germ cell (reproductive cell).

Telophase -

mitotic stage where nuclear membrane reforms and the spindle fibers disappear.

Homologous chromosome -

chromosomes having the same size, shape, binding pattern, and array of genes; DNA coding for hair color in the allele from your mother is homologous to DNA coding for hair color in the corresponding allele from your father.

Glossary definitions from: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~ujuXi JgznlKlts http://www.biology-online.org http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab8/glossary.html

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