Question Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH is a weak acid. The acid dissociation constant of ethanoic acid is Ka = 1.

75 x 10-5 moldm-3 at 25 C . Ethanoic acid and nitric acid are both monoprotic acid a) Define the terms below: (i) Acid . 1 (ii) Weak acid . 2 (iii) Monoprotic acid . 1

b) Write an expression for Ka.

2 c) A solution of ethanoic acid of concentration 0.130 moldm-3. Calculate the pH of solution. 3

d) Calculate the pH of nitric acid with the same concentration 0.130 moldm-3. 1

Prepared by Mr. Daniel

Tel No : 019-3868950

Question 2 (a) Define the term buffer solution. 1 (b) Amino acids and Sodium hydrogen carbonate are amphoteric in nature. Give two equations to show how this is true. 2 (c) With the aid of two equation explain how a solution containin both and acts as a buffer solution. 2 (d) Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing equal volumes of of ethanoic acid aqueous solution , CH3COOH(aq) of 0.250 moldm-3 and 0.150 moldm-3 sodium ethanoate aqueous solution , CH3COONa (aq). Given the Ka ,acid dissociation constant of ethanoic acid is 1.75 x 10-5 moldm-3.

Prepared by Mr. Daniel

Tel No : 019-3868950

Solution: Question 1 a (i) (ii)

(iii)

Acid is a proton donor A weak acid dissociates partially in water, to release small concentration of hydrogen ions. Most of the weak acid molecule remains un-ionised in water. 1 mole of acid can dissociate to release 1 mole hydrogen ion/ 1 mole acid reacts fully with I mole sodium hydroxide

b Ka = [H3O+][ CH3COO-] [CH3COOH] c Ka = [H3O+][ CH3COO-] [CH3COOH] Ignoring auto-ionisation of water, [H3O+] = [CH3COO-] So [H3O+][CH3COO-] = [H3O+]2. Ka = [H3O+]2 [CH3COOH] .

Assuming degree of dissociation of CH3COOH is small, [CH3COOH] = 0.1 moldm-3. so and [H3O+]2 [H3O+] pH = Ka x 0.130, = (Ka x 0.130) = 1.508 x 10-3 moldm-3

= -log 10 (1.508 x 10-3 ) = 2.82

d Assuming nitric acid is a monoprotic acid that fully ionizes in water pH = -log 10 (0.130 ) = 0.89

Prepared by Mr. Daniel

Tel No : 019-3868950

Question 2 a A solution that will resist changes in pH if small amount of acid or base is added into the solution. b HCO3-(aq) + H3O+(aq) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) or HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) or HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) CO32-(aq) + H2O(l) c CH3COO - (aq) + H3O+(aq) CH3COONa (aq) CH3COOH (aq) + OH-(aq) CH3COO - (aq) + H2O(l) d Ka = [H3O+][ CH3COO-] [CH3COOH] [H3O+] =Ka X [CH3COOH] [ CH3COO-] = 1.75 x 10-5 moldm-3 X 0.250 moldm-3 0.150moldm-3 = 2.92 x 10-5 moldm-3 = -log 10 (2.92 x 10-5) = 4.54

pH

Prepared by Mr. Daniel

Tel No : 019-3868950