ERFAN HIGH EDUCATIONAL CENTER

Simple Past Tense

Structure: A. F= S + V2 + Complement. Q. F= Did + S + V + Complement? N. F= S + Did + Not + V + Complement. N.I.F= Did + S + Not + V + Complement? Ex. I went to a restaurant. Ex. Did I go to a restaurant? Ex. I did not go to a restaurant. Ex. Did I not go to a restaurant?

Usage
I.

Simple Past Tense is used to show an action which took place at a

specific time in the past and finished now. : . Note: The simple past tense is usually followed by adverbs of time like: yesterday, Last week, Last month. Etc. : . Ex. I saw my friend yesterday. Ex. We moved in this house last year. Ex. She went home last week.
II.

Simple Past Tense is used to ask about past action.

. : Ex. Where were you yesterday? Ex. When did you arrive to Kabul?
III.

Simple Past Tense can be used with (Always) to show a past habit. .( Always) :

Ex. She always talked about herself. Ex.Obaid always studied in his room.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

A verb has three forms Simple Past Past participle
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See Talk Play Saw Talked Played Seen Talked Played .

The verbs are divided into two parts in form:

I. Regular Verbs. II. Irregular Verbs. 1. Regular Verbs:

Regular verbs are those which form their past and past participle by taking (d) or (ed) at the end of simple form. ( ed) ( d) : . Simple Past Past participle Play Played Played Like Liked Liked Invite Invited Invited 2. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs are those which do not have any special rule to form their past and past participle. . Simple Past Past participle See Saw Seen Go Went Gone Say Said Said Bite Bit Bitten

Rules of adding (d) or (ed) (ed)( d)

1. Verbs ending in (e) or double (ee) is only added (d) .(( d ( ee) ( e) Simple Past Past participle Injure Injured Injured Agree Agreed Agreed 2. Verbs ending in (y) following a consonant (Y) is changed into (I) and(ed) is added. ( ed) ( I) ( Y) ( Y) . Simple Past Past participle
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Study Try Studied Tried Studied Tried

3. Add (ed) at the end of verbs ending in (Y) following a vowel without any change. ( ed) ( Y) . Simple Past Past participle Pray Prayed Prayed Play Played Played Annoy Annoyed Annoyed 4. One syllable regular verbs ending in a consonant following a vowel we double the last consonant and (ed) is added. . ed Simple Past Past participle Stop Stopped Stopped Drop Dropped Dropped

Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are those which are used instead of noun and show that
subject and object of the sentence are the same that is the action which reflects from subject to object and from object to subject. .

The reflexive Pronouns consist in:

Myself Yourself Ourselves Themselves Himself Herself Itself Ex. I hurt my self. Ex. He hide Him self. )) )) ) )

Emphatic Pronouns
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ERFAN HIGH EDUCATIONAL CENTER Emphasizing Pronouns are those which are used instead of noun and
emphasize on performing of an action. .

The emphasizing pronouns consist in:

Myself Yourself Ourselves Themselves Himself Herself Itself Ex. I my self saw him in the park. Ex. She herself broke the glass. )) )) ) )

Note: When the reflexive and emphasizing pronouns used with preposition (by)
it means by my own self. .( by) : Ex. I did every thing by my self.

Simple Future Tense

Structure1:
A.F= S + Will + V + Complement. Q.F= Will + S + V + Complement? N.F= S + Will + Not + V + Complement. N.I.F= Will + S + Not + V + Complement? Ex. I shall meet you. Ex. Shall I meet you? Ex. I shall not meet you. Ex. Shall I not meet you? Ex. We shall come here next week.

Structure: 2
A.F= S + to be + going to + V + Complement. Q.F= To be + S + going to + V + Complement? N.F= S + to be + not + going to + V + Complement. N.I.F=To be + S + Not + going to + V + Complement? Ex. She is going to visit her mother.
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Ex. Is she going to visit her mother? Ex. She is not going to visit her mother. Ex. Is she not going to visit her mother? Note: It is mentionable that the second formula (To be going to) is used informally to show intention. .( Tobe going to)

Usage
1.

Simple Future Tense is used to show an action which will take

place in a specific time in the future. : . Note: Simple future tense is usually used with adverbs of time. . Like: Tomorrow, next week, next month, next year and etc Ex. We shall leave here tomorrow. Ex. They will go to Pakistan next week.

Arranged by Hamidullah Rezayee