Candidate Name
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on
any separate answer paper used.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continue on the separate answer
paper provided.
At the end of the examination,
1. fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper,
2. enter the numbers of the Section B questions you have answered in the grid below.
TOTAL
1 A toy car is given a brief initial push which sends it along a horizontal section of runway.
The force of gravity then accelerates the car down the ramp which is shown in Fig. 1.1.
In this question the only force due to friction that acts on the car is air resistance.
0.90 m
horizontal section
ramp
Fig. 1.1
(a) On Fig. 1.1, where the car is moving down the ramp at A, draw labelled arrows to show
(i) the direction of the force due to gravity on the car,
(ii) the direction of the force due to friction on the car.
[1]
(b) State the effect that friction has on the motion of the car
(i) while the car is moving along the horizontal section,
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(ii) while the car is accelerating down the ramp.
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[2]
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(c) The length of the ramp is 0.90 m and the average force of friction is 0.11 N.
(i) Calculate the work done by the car against friction as it moves down the ramp.
A B C
Fig. 2.1
(b) Explain why the density of the gas is lower than that of the solid.
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[4]
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a light aluminium rod resting between the poles of a magnet. A current is
passed through the rod from two brass strips connected to a power supply.
N
aluminium rod magnet
S
brass strip
brass strip
switch (open)
Fig. 3.1
(a) On Fig. 3.1, draw the direction of the current in the rod when the switch is closed. [1]
(b) State which way the rod moves when the switch is closed. Give a reason for your answer.
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(ii) the current is reversed.
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[2]
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4 Answer EITHER (a) OR (b). Do NOT answer both (a) and (b).
EITHER
(a) The circuit shown in Fig. 4.1 acts as a light sensitive switch.
Fig. 4.1
The component X is a light dependent resistor (LDR). The connections to the buzzer
and to the switch Y inside the relay have not been drawn. Switch Y is shown open in
Fig. 4.1.
(i) On Fig. 4.1, draw the connections to the buzzer, the switch Y and the cell that will
allow the buzzer to sound when the switch Y inside the relay closes.
(ii) Complete the table below stating
1. whether the resistance of the LDR is high or low in the light and in the dark,
2. whether the current through the relay coil is high or low in the light and in the
dark.
light closed ON
[4]
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OR
(b) (i) State the names of the logic gates shown in Fig. 4.2.
output output
inputs inputs
A B
Fig. 4.2
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[4]
(a) When the component shown in Fig. 5.1 is rubbed with a cloth, the metal legs become
negatively charged. Explain how this happens.
metal legs
Fig. 5.1
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(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the negatively charged metal legs placed near a piece of aluminium foil
which rests on an insulator.
plastic
metal leg
– – – –
– – – – aluminium foil
insulator
Fig. 5.2
(i) On Fig. 5.2, draw the induced charges that form on the aluminium foil.
(ii) The metal legs are placed in contact with the aluminium foil. Describe what
happens to the charges on the foil and on the legs.
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[3]
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6 Fig. 6.1 shows part of the lighting circuit of a house.
fuse 5 A
live
230 V
neutral
Fig. 6.1
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(ii) Explain why the fuse is placed in the live wire rather than in the neutral wire.
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[3]
(b) Each lamp has a power of 60 W. Calculate the current through one lamp when it is
switched on.
(c) The fuse has a rating of 5 A. Calculate the maximum number of lamps that can be
connected and switched on without the fuse blowing. Each lamp is in parallel with the
power supply.
conveyor
belt
Fig. 7.1
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(c) Explain why the level of detected radiation falls when a full carton of juice goes past
the detector.
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(d) Explain
(i) why a source emitting -particles is not used,
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(ii) why a source emitting -rays is not used.
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[2]
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8 A small quantity of solid wax in a test-tube is heated slowly. Fig. 8.1 shows the variation
with time of the temperature of the wax.
90
80
temperature 70
°C
60
50
40
30
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
time/min
Fig. 8.1
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(ii) Determine the melting point of the wax in the experiment.
(b) In a second experiment, twice the amount of wax is used, and exactly the same
amount of heat energy every second is passed into the wax as in the first experiment.
The initial temperature of the wax is also 30 °C.
On Fig. 8.1, draw the variation with time of the temperature of the wax in this second
experiment. You may assume that the heat needed to warm up the test-tube itself is
negligible. [2]
Section B
emergent
ray
glass block
incident
ray
Fig. 9.1
(a) Describe the apparatus needed and also a method by which the paths of the incident and
emergent rays may be drawn on a piece of paper. [3]
(b) Take measurements from Fig. 9.1 to find the refractive index of the glass block. Show clearly
your working, state the equation that you use and give your answer to an appropriate
number of significant figures. [3]
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(c) The student repeats the experiment with the incident ray at different angles. The values
obtained for the angles x and y shown in Fig. 9.2 are given in the table.
x normal
Fig. 9.2
x/° 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
y/° 0 7 13 20 26 31 36 39 42
Plot a graph of y / ° (y-axis) against x / ° (x-axis). Your axes should end at y / ° = 50 and x / ° = 90.
(d) (i) Use your graph to estimate the critical angle for glass and explain how you obtained
your result.
(ii) Explain why it is impossible to obtain a value of y = 50° in this experiment.
[3]
(e) The glass block used in the experiment is replaced by one having a larger refractive index.
The experiment is repeated and a second graph is plotted. State one similarity and one
difference between this second graph and the graph obtained in (c). [2]
10 An engineer wishes to check the volume of air inside a pipe and to check that the pipe is not
leaking. He connects a syringe to one end of the pipe and a manometer to the other end, as
shown in Fig. 10.1.
60 syringe
cm3 air
pipe
narrow tube
narrow tube
water
manometer
Fig. 10.1
The syringe initially contains 60 cm3 of air, and the pipe contains 5000 cm3 of air. The volume of
the narrow tubes may be neglected. All the air is initially at atmospheric pressure, 1.000 x 105 Pa.
The piston is pushed fully down and held steady so that the total volume of air decreases.
(a) Explain, in terms of molecules, why the pressure of the air inside the pipe increases when
the piston in the syringe is pushed down. [3]
(b) In this section, assume the pipe does not leak and that the temperature of the air inside
remains constant.
(c) (i) If the pipe leaks very slowly, state what happens to the levels of water on each side of
the manometer when the piston is pushed down and left down. Draw a diagram of the
manometer to illustrate your answer.
(ii) State how the manometer could be altered to give larger differences in liquid level for
the same pressure in the pipe.
[5]
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11 Ultrasound and X-rays are both used to provide information about structures inside the human
body. Ultrasound is sound having a frequency above the highest audible frequency that humans
can hear. X-rays are a region of the electromagnetic spectrum with a higher frequency than
visible light.
increasing frequency
visible
X-rays
light
Fig. 11.1
(a) (i) Name three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum other than X-rays and visible light.
(ii) Copy Fig. 11.1 and on it show the position of the three regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum that you have chosen in (i).
(iii) Write one or two sentences about each region of the spectrum that you have chosen,
describing how the electromagnetic waves are used or how they affect people.
(iv) State one property that all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have in common.
[8]
(b) Fig. 11.2 shows ultrasound being used to study an unborn baby.
ultrasound ultrasound
receiver source
ultrasound
beam
Fig. 11.2
(i) Explain how the vibrations of the source produce waves of ultrasound and suggest how
these waves are transmitted through the body tissue to the receiver.
(ii) Ultrasound used in medicine has a frequency which is about 100 times higher than the
maximum frequency that can be heard by humans.
Estimate the frequency that might be used for ultrasound in medicine, and calculate its
wavelength in the human body. The speed of ultrasound in the human body is 1500 m/s.
[7]
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