Onboard Maintenance Painting Guide

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

Contents
Introduction and planning: 3 Surface preparation: Paint application: Health and safety: 4-5 6-8 9 - 10

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

Introduction
Onboard maintenance (OBM) of coating systems is important in maintaining the cosmetic appearance of your vessel, minimising the onset of corrosion and ensuring that your vessel stays in good condition which reduces the costs and time of scheduled dry dockings.
This guide contains information on planning and carrying out OBM work efficiently and safely. Once these steps have been taken, it is time to look at the critical vessel areas and the paint specification. The coating specification to be applied will be dependent upon the vessel area being treated and this will have an impact on planning the work. It is recommended that the vessel be sectioned off into small, manageable areas.

Planning
Maintenance painting onboard and alongside in port should be planned to maximise the efficient use of resources both in terms of crew time and in the volume of paint used. A well planned maintenance programme that involves evaluation of the entire process, good record-keeping, and use of high performance coating materials can mean less time and money spent on OBM in the long run. The success of any coating system relates directly to the level of care and attention paid to the fundamentals of good painting practice, particularly surface preparation, mixing of coating materials, and, of course, their application. Furthermore, the paint locker should be well ordered, the racks and shelves clearly labelled by product name, and good stock rotation should be followed. Outdated, worn, and poorly maintained equipment for preparation and application can dramatically reduce the success of OBM painting. Here is a simple checklist of good practices for improving onboard maintenance. Perform an audit of equipment and invest in new equipment as needed. Carry out an inventory of the paint, noting the age, coating type, and condition of the stock. Ensure that a copy of the OBM paint specification is kept onboard in an easily accessible and well-known place.
An OBM planning meeting

Key factors to consider are: Time between coats in a multi coat specification Time before access to painted areas is possible The technical data sheets for the products to be used provide the following information: Touch dry time Hard dry time Minimum and maximum overcoating time Working life (pot life) for two component products (pot life, in practical terms, is the time from combining the components of a two component product to the point at which the mixed paint is no longer usable) Equipment cleaners

Health and safety

Paint application

Surface preparation

Introduction and planning

Introduction and planning

Surface preparation
The single most important function which can influence paint performance is the quality of the surface preparation. The importance of removing oil, grease, old coatings, rust and other surface contaminants cannot be over stressed.
The following process is recommended:
Freshwater wash to remove all salt contamination. This is best achieved using something like a fan jet lance or a power washer if available Degrease to remove all surface grease and oil. This is usually done using rags or brushes soaked in solvent. If a painted surface is to be degreased without being damaged, a solvent must be chosen which will not dissolve the paint film. Steel preparation For OBM, International recommends that a standard of at least St2 thorough hand and power tool cleaning is achieved for bare steel areas. The existing coating should be taken back to a sound edge and the edges should be feathered back using a combination of manual methods: Hard scraping or slicing this is carried out with various types of scraper. Scrapers are useful for removing loose material. Chipping hammers or chisels chipping can be carried out using a wide variety of hammers or chisels, best results are obtained if chipping is followed by secondary preparation such as wire brushing. Wire brushing can remove loose contamination, but it is ineffective at removing scale and deep seated corrosion.

Paint application

Surface preparation

Hard scraping

Health and safety

Freshwater washing

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

Power tool methods of surface preparation

Power tools used for cleaning fall into two basic categories rotary cleaning tools and impact cleaning tools. Rotary wire brushing using braided wire wheels Radial brushes are used for preparing awkward areas such as corners or weld seams. Cup brushes are more often used for preparing large areas. Rotary discing cleaning of a surface is achieved by coated abrasive discs attached to angle grinders or by using abrasive flap wheels attached to straight or in-line tools.

For both rotary wire brushing and rotary discing, the surface must not be polished and it is essential that a surface profile is created. Clean down The prepared area should have any residual dust, paint flakes and debris removed by brushing or vacuuming. Paint application should begin as soon as possible after cleaning to prevent deterioration of the prepared surface.

Rotary discing

Rotary wire brushes

Health and safety

Paint application

Surface preparation

Introduction and planning

Introduction and planning

Paint application
Paint mixing
Before use, paints should be mixed well, following the instructions on the technical data sheet. Thinning thinning of paint is not recommended. Follow the guidelines on the technical data sheet. Film thickness it is important to apply the specified wet film thickness. This should be measured using a comb gauge.

Brush application
Brushes should not be dipped into the paint more than half the length of their bristles, the aim is to load the brush with enough paint to get some work done, but not too much so the paint drips and splatters. The applied paint should spread evenly using smooth, steady strokes then be smoothed by light parallel strokes to eliminate irregularities. On flat, vertical surfaces, it is best to finally lay off the paint in a vertical direction because this will reduce the tendency of the paint to run or sag. Applicators should either be advised to apply a single thick coat or multiple thin coats which can be applied when the paint is touch dry if the area is accessible. Particular attention should be paid in ensuring that the applied paint is brushed into the bottom of pitted areas of steel and that the edges of nuts, etc are well coated.

Surface preparation
Wet film thickness should be measured with a comb gauge

Paint application

Brush selection
Application by brush is recommended for patch priming and repair work to ensure good wetting of the substrate. This is essential when painting over manually prepared surfaces. The choice of brush will depend upon the application required and the quality of finish to be achieved. Flat square end brushes, often called wall brushes, are used on flat areas. Angular cut sash brushes 2 - 3 (5cm - 8cm) wide are used on narrow surfaces, and round or elliptical section brushes are used on irregular shapes such as nuts and bolts.

Flat and round ended paint brushes

Health and safety

Brushes with angled heads and long handles are used for painting the backs of stiffening bars and other inaccessible areas in tanks.

The brush should be held like a pencil

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

Roller selection
Rollers are useful for applying paint to large flat areas such as tank tops, vertical sides, walkways and deck areas. A short bristled brush is more practical for badly pitted and rough steel, because paint can be worked into the profile of the steel. Roller application requires less skill from painters than brush application. The most common roller fabrics used are lambs wool and mohair. Synthetic foam rollers have no role to play in the marine industry, they are prone to dissolve in the type of solvents used in heavy duty coatings and can swell and distort. Roller covers vary in diameter, length, type of fabric and fibre length. Small diameter rollers are used for areas of awkward or difficult access, but the most common sizes are 1 - 2 (4 - 5cm). Length can be anything from 1 to 18 (2.5 - 46cm), but the 9 length (23cm) is most popular.

Roller application
Pitted areas should be touched up by brush before roller application. Immerse the roller into the paint tray, roll it in the paint until fully saturated, and then roll it back and forth on the tray ramp to remove all excess material. This not only avoids the problems of drips and splatters, but ensures that the roller is fully wetted and that air is removed from the fibre pile.

Roller application

It is difficult to achieve high thickness in single coats; multiple applications can be required to meet specifications. Over rolling can cause paint pick-up, particularly with fast drying coatings. This is often associated with serious entrapment of air. An alternative to using paint trays is to put a roller grid in the paint bucket or paint tin and work out excess material on this. This can allow the painter to work from ladders or scaffolds.

Roller sleeves

Health and safety

Paint application

Paint should then be applied to the surface by forming a W or M shape in the area to be coated. The W or M shape area should then be filled by rolling back and forth until it is covered, with finished rolling in one direction so that appearance is uniform.

Surface preparation

Introduction and planning

Introduction and planning

Comparison table
The following table gives a simple comparison between brush and roller paint application:

Weather conditions
Usually it is not possible to paint wet surfaces, if rain is forecast then exterior maintenance painting should be abandoned or suitable covering should be installed over the areas in question, condensation also needs to be avoided. Condensation is formed when the steel temperature is lower than the atmospheric dew point; providing that the steel temperature is at least 3C higher than the measured dew point then condensation is unlikely to occur and painting can proceed. Extreme weather conditions can also cause problems during maintenance painting activities. Technical data sheets should be consulted during planning of any maintenance painting work: Below 5C the curing of two pack paints such as epoxies and polyurethanes can be slowed down. Paints which dry by solvent evaporation such as alkyds and acrylics can be used below 0C provided that the surface is free of frost and ice. Above 30C solvent can evaporate very quickly which can result in difficulties in brushing and rollering of paint.

Advantages Brush Good for small, complex areas

Disadvantages They require more coats to achieve film thickness

Surface preparation

Inexpensive equipment Minimal wastage Roller Faster than brushing They require more coats to achieve correct film thickness Possibility of uneven film thickness

Good for large flat areas

Health and safety

Paint application

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

Health and safety

The primary source of health and safety information is the product Material Safety Data Sheet; these are available for all International Marine products from:
http://www.international-marine.com/products/msds.aspx International also publishes a secondary source of health and safety information in the form of simple one page safety advice sheets, which are designed to help paint applicators, for example. The following notes give some very basic advice on health and safety when using International Marine paint:

Health hazards
Over exposure can lead to irritation of the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure can result in headache, nausea, dizziness and drowsiness and in extreme cases even loss of consciousness. Splashes in the eye will cause discomfort and possible damage. Prolonged contact with skin can lead to skin irritation and in some cases dermatitis.

Health precautions
Inhalation avoid breathing vapours; work in well ventilated areas and if necessary use local ventilation methods such as respirator masks. Eye contact avoid splashes in the eye by wearing suitable safety goggles or glasses. Skin contact avoid skin contact by wearing suitable clothing and gloves. Barrier creams are not an acceptable alternative to the proper choice of glove. Ingestion - whilst there is little hazard by this route during onboard maintenance painting, do not eat whilst handling paint.

Marine & Protective Coatings

This contains basic health, safety and environmental information that is important for the actual user of the product. It does not replace the Material Safety Data Sheet.

safety advice sheet

Ref No: 0015
Revision Number 1

Product Name: Interlac 665

Use/Application Safety Dangers Health Dangers Control Measures

An alkyd cosmetic coating for use in non-immersed areas. May be applied by airless spray, conventional spray, brush or roller. This paint contains solvents. When used or spilt it will release solvent vapours which may catch fire or explode. If breathed in, solvents may cause headaches and dizziness and long term nervous system damage. Paint in the eyes will cause irritation. Repeated splashes on the skin may cause irritation, loss of fat and skin damage (dermatitis). Extraction/Local Extract Ventilation: When paint is used anywhere inside a confined space or area with limited ventilation on a ship or inside a building, forced extraction with fans must be used to stop solvent from creating an explosive mixture and to reduce the solvent concentration that people may breathe in. Ignition: Cigarettes, lighters, matches, welding or cutting torches, grinding and all electrical equipment except approved spark proof lights must be kept well away from paint mixing and paint application. Personal Protective Equipment Lungs (Inhalation) The sprayer and assistant should always wear a cartridge respirator. Other people who can smell paint should also wear a cartridge respirator or carbon mask unless they are sure the solvent concentration is below the national occupational exposure limit (OES). Cartridge respirators and carbon masks become less efficient with time and should be replaced periodically. (Follow respirator manufacturers recommendations). Eyes: Wear safety glasses or goggles or a face shield at all times when mixing, spraying, rolling or brushing paint. Skin: Wear an overall with full length sleeves and legs. Wear solvent resistant rubber gloves (long sleeve). Wear safety boots. Make sure there is no gap at wrist and ankles. Change and wash the overall as appropriate and at least twice a week. If paint is able to pass through the overall, replace it. Wear a hard hat. Protect face skin with barrier cream (not petroleum jelly). Gloves should be replaced periodically. Hygiene/Cleanliness: Always wash hands before eating, smoking or going to the toilet. Paint transferred from the hands to other parts of the body can cause damage. Have a shower at the end of the working day.

or

or + + +

First aid
Inhalation remove the sufferer to fresh air, keep warm and rest. Eye contact wash with plenty of clean, fresh water for at least ten minutes holding the eyelids apart. Skin contact remove any contaminated clothing; wash the skin thoroughly with a proprietary skin cleanser. DO NOT USE SOLVENTS. Ingestion do not induce vomiting, seek medical advice. General in all cases of doubt seek medical attention.

First Aid

(In case of doubt seek Medical Advice)

Breathing/Dizziness: If inhaled, quickly take the person to a place with fresh air. Lie them down and keep them warm. If breathing has stopped, give them artificial respiration (the kiss of life). If breathing is difficult give oxygen. Seek medical attention. Eyes: Give rapid assistance by holding the eyelids apart and washing with clean fresh water for at least 15 minutes. Afterwards seek medical attention (some paints stick to the eyes and need UV light to be seen and specialist cleaning to remove all traces of paint). Skin: Quickly remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water or a special skin cleaner. DO NOT use solvents (thinner/equipment cleaner). Mouth: If paint is accidentally swallowed quickly get a doctor or take the person to a hospital, DO NOT make the person vomit/be sick unless instructed to do so by medical personnel. If conscious they should drink as much water as possible. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Other Emergencies Waste Disposal Important Note

Spillage: Put sand/earth around spills to stop them getting into drains or rivers or the sea. Absorb the paint with more sand/earth and send to a special waste dump/treatment works. Fire: Fight fire with foam (large fires); Powder, CO2 foam (small fires). Follow local regulatory requirements.
The Product Data Sheet, the Material Safety Data Sheet and the package labelling together form an integral information system about this product. Copies of the Product Data Sheet and the Material Safety Data Sheet are available from International Paint on request or from our Internet sites: http//www.international-marine.com & http//www.international-pc.com

Official Advisory Body Tel. No. For Advice to Doctors & Hospitals Only Country Australia Finland Portugal 24 Hr. Emergency Tel. No. +61 (0) 1 800 807 001 +358 (0) 9 471 977 +351 (0) 65 702 025 Country Sweden Turkey UK & Rest of World

+44 (0)870 600 6266 24 Hr. Emergency Tel. No. 112 +90 (0) 216 574 31 91 +44 (0) 191 469 6111

WM/Interlac 665/DS January 2004

http://www.international-marine.com/supportadvice/ safety-advice-sheets.aspx

Health and safety

Safety advice sheets for marine products are available from:

Paint application

Surface preparation

Introduction and planning

Introduction and planning

Fire and safety precautions

Storage usually paint should be stored in dry, shaded conditions away from heat and ignition sources. Specific conditions can be found on individual product technical data sheets. Ventilation the use of suitable ventilation during painting operations should be promoted. Ignition painting should only be undertaken when all naked lights and unprotected electrical equipment have been removed from the area.

Safety goggles

Safety spectacles

Dust mask

Fluorescent or high visibility vest or jacket

Surface preparation

Waste disposal any waste should be dealt with in accordance with prevalent local requirements.

Personal protective equipment

The following equipment should be used during onboard maintenance painting: Overalls Fluorescent or high visibility vest or jacket Hearing protection Dust mask
Safety helmet Safety boots and/or shoes

The following should also be available as appropriate:

Life jacket, if working over water
A fall arrest safety harness and lanyard if working at height
Life jacket Fall arrest safety harness and lanyard

Paint application

Gloves or gauntlets

Face mask and cartridge filters

For further information:

Call: +44 (0)191 469 6111 Fax: +44 (0)191 495 2003
Overalls Hearing protection

Send an email: marine.communication@akzonobel.com

Health and safety

10

Marine Coatings All products supplied and technical recommendations given are subject to our conditions of sale. OBM Painting Guide

11

International Paint Ltd is part of AkzoNobel, the Netherlands based company serving customers throughout the world with coatings and chemicals.
International Paint Ltd, Stoneygate Lane, Felling Gateshead, NE10 0JY United Kingdom Call: +44 (0)191 469 6111 Fax: +44 (0)191 495 2003 Send an email: marine.communication@akzonobel.com Visit our website: www.international-marine.com

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Important Notes:
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale. The contents of this leaflet are for information purposes only and no representation or warranty of any kind is given in relation to any of the information or opinions expressed in it. Whilst we have made all reasonable efforts to ensure that statements appearing in this leaflet are accurate, we disclaim all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the information, advice and opinions contained in this leaflet. and International and all products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of, or are licensed to, AkzoNobel. AkzoNobel, 2012
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