6/26/2013

Digital Copy of Slides

Person-Environment Fit and Recovery Home Citizenship Behavior An MSEM Path Model
Christopher R. Beasley DePaul University

crbeasley.info

Introduction
Addiction is a costly social problem1,2,3,4,5,6 Interventions continue to have a limited reach and effect1,7 Sustained aftercare may be needed8
Oxford House9,10
Low cost w/ demonstrated effectiveness11,12,13 Potential person-environment interactions14 Little is know about processes of individual and system maintenance

Mutual-Help Mechanisms
Helping behaviors
Individual outcomes 15,16,17,18 Setting outcomes 19,20 All volunteer and sustained through helping21,22

Dearth of helping literature

Transdisciplary perspective

Literature Review

Literature Review

Org Theory & Findings

Satisfaction and commitment related to citizenship behavior (OCB)23,24,25,26,27,28 P-E fit related to citizenship behavior29,30 Satisfaction and commitment as mediators31 P-E fit components32,33
Value Congruence Needs-Supplies Demands-Abilities Interpersonal Similarity

Person-Environment Fit
Value Congruence
Related to OCB29,34 job satisfaction30,34,35,36,37 and organizational commitment30,35,38,39 Not related to satisfaction in preliminary research33

Needs-Supplies
Related to job satisfaction34,36,37 and commitment34,38 Relationship of N-S to OCB is unclear Related to satisfaction in preliminary research33

Literature Review

Literature Review

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Person-Environment Fit
Demands-Abilities
Relationship of D-A to OCB34,40,41 satisfaction34,36,37 and commitment34,38 is unclear Not related to satisfaction in recovery housing33
Social Desirability Value Congruence DemandsAbilities NeedsSupplies Interpersonal Similarity

Hypothesized Model
Commitment Citizenship Behavior

Interpersonal Similarity
Theoretically related to OCB, satisfaction, and commitment42,43,44 Related to satisfaction in preliminary research33

Satisfaction

Literature Review

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Hypothesis II
Social Desirability Value Congruence Citizenship Behavior Social Desirability Commitment

Hypothesis III
Commitment

NeedsSupplies

Satisfaction

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Hypothesis IV
Social Desirability Citizenship Behavior Social Desirability Value Congruence Commitment

Question I
Commitment Citizenship Behavior

Interpersonal Similarity

Satisfaction

Satisfaction

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Literature Review

Hy potheses

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Question II
Social Desirability Citizenship Behavior Social Desirability Commitment

Question III
Commitment Citizenship Behavior

DemandsAbilities NeedsSupplies

Satisfaction

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Study Design
Cross-sectional Random sample by house
Two phases

Sample
n=296 Oxford House residents
95% of houses agreed to assist 48% individual response rate

Postal survey
This and other research

Enhancing compliance
Compensation Stakeholder support Reminders
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure

Representativeness
Dem ographics Age Meetings/w eek Months of sobriety Months of residency Sam ple 39.56 3.78 17.39 13.01 SD 12.01 2.09 19.34 18.13 National 36.20 5.10 14.50 10.10 t 1.49 -10.49 2.52 2.73 df 286 284 288 p 0.14 0.01 0.007 Men Women Mens Houses 278 <0.001

Representativeness
Dem ographics Sam ple 58.98% (174) 41.01% (121) 60.98% (50) 39.02% (32) 70.99% (208) 63.13% (185) 54.08% (159) 12.59% (37) 27.55% (81) 5.78% (17)
Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses

National 74.55% (9494) 25.45% (3241) 73.95% (1192) 26.05% (420) 56% 92% 45% 18% 33% 4%

2 37.68 7.17 26.72 331.58

df

1 <0.001 1 0.007

Womens Houses White Working Never Married Separated Divorced Married

1 <0.001 1 <0.001

40.48
Results

0.002

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Procedure

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Results

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Representativeness
Region Northeast Midw est South West Sam ple 21.20% (10) 10.98% (9) 46.34% (38) 30.49% (25) National 7.48% (106) 19.76% (280) 38.39% (544) 34.37% (487) 7.35 3 0.06 2 df p

Measures
Multidimensional P-E Fit
Cable & DeRue (2002)34
Value Congruence Needs-Supplies Fit Demands-Abilities Fit

Interpersonal Similarity
GEFS33

Satisfaction
Subscale from the Michigan Organizational Assessment45
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure

Measures
Commitment
Affective commitment subscale of Meyer & Allen (1997)46

Analyses
Major Hypothesis
Test for dependence MSEM
Segregated
More established Modification indices

Citizenship Behavior
Helping subscale of helping and extra-role behavior measure47

Simultaneous
MLR 2-1-1, 2-1-2, 2-2-2, 1-1-2, 1-2-1, 1-1-1 Better pow er for level 2

Social Desirability
Marlowe-Crowne Version C48

Supplemental Analyses
Parameters of model for direct and indirect effects
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses

Descriptive Statistics
Observed Variables Social Desirability Citizenship Behavior Commitment Satisfaction Interpersonal Similarity Value Congruence Demands-Abilities Needs-Supplies Fit n 292 291 292 293 291 291 293 293 Min Max Mean 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 13 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 6.67 5.86 5.26 6.14 3.42 3.88 3.96 4.01 SD 3.23 0.96 1.10 1.01 0.96 0.76 0.80 0.70 SE 0.19 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04

Measurement Reliability
Measures Citizenship Satisfaction Demands-Abilities Fit Needs-Supplies Fit Interpersonal Similarity Social Desirability Value Congruence Commitment w 0.74 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.88 0.90 0.91 b 0.97 0.92 0.97 0.92 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.99

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

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Analy ses

Results

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Between-Group Variance
Observed Variables Value Congruence Citizenship Needs-Supplies Fit Social Desirability Satisfaction Demands-Abilities Fit Interpersonal Similarity Commitment Null ICC 0.051 0.059 0.070 0.079 0.088 0.096 0.103 0.123 Social Desirability Citizenship Behavior Commitment Satisfaction

w/i Correlations
Latent Com ponents SD 1 0.27 0.22 0.28 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.14 1 0.44 0.41 0.31 0.36 0.42 0.42 1 0.67 0.36 0.58 0.58 0.53 1 0.36 0.56 0.60 0.53 1 0.46 0.40 0.45 1 0.66 0.64 1 0.69 1 CB Com Sat IS VC DA C

Interpersonal Similarity Value Congruence Demands-Abilities Needs-Supplies Fit

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

b/t Correlations
Latent Com ponents Social Desirability Citizenship Behavior Commitment Satisfaction Interpersonal Similarity Value Congruence Demands-Abilities Needs-Supplies Fit SD 1 -0.13 1 1 0.90 0.59 0.95 0.36 0.85 1 0.23 0.84 0.27 0.74 1 0.60 0.02 0.53 1 0.49 0.94 1 0.58 1 -0.07 0.95 0.14 0.77 -0.18 0.74 0.06 0.96 -0.17 0.40 0.27 0.86 CB Com Sat IS VC DA C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results

w/i Models Comparison

2 82.16 64.77 73.43 56.05 62.55 57.94 53.72 58.32 51.50 31.89 27.28 23.06 df 9 4 8 3 4 3 2 3 8 3 2 1 CFI 0.90 0.87 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.88 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.95 RMSEA 0.17 0.23 0.17 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.27 SRMR 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.23
Analy ses Results

SB 2

df

19.61

<0.001

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

w/i Models Generation

2 1 2 3 4 *31.89 *8.83 9.21 6.76 df 3 2 4 4 CFI 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.996 RMSEA 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.05 SRMR 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01
Social Desirability Value Congruence DemandsAbilities NeedsSupplies Interpersonal Similarity

Within Model
R2 = 0.52
Commitment

R2 = 0.27
Citizenship Behavior

Add path from DA to Sat per Modification Indices

Fix VC:Cit & IS:Com to 0 because less than .05

MSEM Model w / L2 Saturated & MLR

Satisfaction

R2 = 0.45
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results

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Within Model
Social Desirability

Within Model
Citizenship Behavior Commitment

= 0.14, z = 2.48, r 2 = 0.02, p = 0.001

= 0.21, z = 2.60, r 2 = 0.00, p = 0.009 b = 0.09, z = 2.63, p = 0.009

Citizenship Behavior

= 0.46, z = 7.25, r 2 = 0.21, p < 0.001 = 0.15, z = 3.46, r 2=0.02, p = 0.001

Satisfaction Satisfaction

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

Within Model
= 0.23, z = 3.28, r 2 = 0.05, p = 0.001 Value Commitment Congruence b = 0.12, z = 2.62, p = 0.009
Citizenship Behavior DemandsAbilities

Within Model
b = 0.04, z = 2.12, p = 0.03
Commitment Citizenship Behavior

= 0.19, z = 2.60, r 2 = 0.04, p = 0.009 b = 0.24, z = 3.37, p = 0.001

b = 0.06, z = 1.71 p = 0.09 = 0.19, z = 2.63, r 2 = 0.04, p = 0.008

Satisfaction

= 0.37, z = 4.86, r 2 = 0.14, p < 0.001

Satisfaction

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

Within Model
b = 0.04, z = 1.92, p = 0.06
Commitment Citizenship Behavior

Findings
Excellent fit for final model
of citizenship behavior explained of mediating variables explained

NeedsSupplies

= 0.14, z = 2.18, r 2 = 0.02, p = 0.03

Interpersonal similarity may not be an important component of fit for explaining citizenship, satisfaction, and commitment Value Congruence and Demands-Abilities Fit may play a role in satisfaction, commitment, and citizenship behavior
Demands-Abilities strongest relationship

Needs-Supplies fit may play a small role in citizenship behavior

Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Discussion

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Implications
Mutual help groups may want to attend to fit and communicate relevant information for both individual and organizational good
May be important to investigate other predictors of satisfaction, commitment, and citizenship

Limitations
Biased response patterns
Financial incentives Emphasis on compliance procedures

Self-report
Self-reports of citizenship are fairly accurate Control for social desirability

Cross-sectional design
Directionality & causation not certain Development of fit and behaviors not assessed
Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Discussion Literature Review Hy potheses Procedure Analy ses Results Discussion

Future Research
Relationship of fit to tenure Fit models for other settings Qualitative research into citizenship Longitudinal and causal research
Two-stage random sampling Cross-validate model Other indicators of satisfaction, commitment, and citizenship behavior

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B., G., Mahmood, Basden, D., S. Rosenblum, T. nature M., A., Powers, Vogel, M. S., B., Knight, M. E. L. W. (2003). (2008). Role A meta-analytic of self-help behav and Desirability ior: A psychological critical Scale. Journal review states and of & Clinical meta-analysis. in organizational Psychology Journal ,diagnosed teams. 38, of 119-125. Applied Journal Psychology, ofAmerican Occupational 87, 52-65. and Organizational 33. Beasley, processes rev critical iew of C. psychosocial in R., achieving Jason, L. abstinence interventions A., Miller, among S. forA. substance dually (2011). The use General disorders. persons. Environment Addictive Journal Fit Behavior Scale: of A Psychiatry, ;Factor 28, 399-413. Analysis 165(2), Psychology, 83, 531-552. 25. and 179-187. Test D. ofW. Convergent & Friend, Ryan, K. Construct (1995). AValidity meta-analytic . Manuscript review submitted of attitudinal for review. and dispositional predictors of 17. Organ, Pagano, M. E., K. B., Tonigan, J. S., Stout R. L. (2004). Helping other alcoholics in Alcoholics 42. organizational Dick, R., Van citizenship Knippenberg, behavior. D., Personnel Kerschreiter, Psychology, R., Hertel, 48, G., 775-802. & Wieseke, J. (2008). Interactive of 34. 8. Van Cable, Anony Jason, mous D. L.A., M., and Davis, & DeRue, drinking M.I., D. Ferrari, outcomes: S. (2002). J.R., findings The & Bishop, convergent from P.D. Project and (2001). MATCH. discriminant Oxford Journal House: validity of A Studies of review subjective on of research Alcohol fit perceptions. ;effects 65 and , 766work group and organizational identitification oncommunity job satisfaction and extra-role behavior. Journal perception of 26. Schappe, 773. Journal implications of S.P Applied for . (1998).The substance Psychology, influence abuse 87(5), recovery of875-884. job satisfaction, and organizational research. commitment, Journal of Drug and Education, fairness 31, 1-27. Vocational Behavior , 72 , 388-399. on organizational citizenship behaviors. The of based Psychology, 132, 27790. 18. 35. 9. Box, Zemore, Oxf ord W.R., House. S.Odom, E., Kaskutas, (2008). R.Y. & Oxford Dunn, L. A., House & M.G. Ammon, (1991). manual: L. Journal N. Organizational An (2004). idea In 12-step values on agroups, sound and value system helping congruency for helps recovering the and helper. their alcoholics impact Addiction on and satisfaction, addicts , 99to (8), help commitment, 1015-1023. themselves and . Silver cohesion: Spring, An empirical MD: Oxford examination House, Inc. within the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 20, 195-205. Discussion

Literature Review

Hy potheses

Procedure

Analy ses

Results

?
References

References

References
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10. Jason, L.A., Davis, M.I., Ferrari, J.R. & Anderson, E. (2007). The need for substance abuse after-care: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House, Addictive Behaviors, 32, 803-818. 11. Jason, L.A., Olson, B.D., Ferrari, J.R., & Lo Sasso, A.T. (2006). Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1727-1729. PMCID: PMC1586125 12. Jason, L.A., Davis, M.I., Ferrari, J.R. & Anderson, E. (2007). The need for substance abuse after-care: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House, Addictive Behaviors, 32, 803-818. 13. Jason, L.A., Olson, B.D., Ferrari, J.R., & Lo Sasso, A.T. (2006). Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1727-1729. PMCID: PMC1586125 14. Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., Miller, S. A., Stevens, E., & Ferrari, J. R. (2012). Person-Environment Interactions among Residents of Oxford House Recovery Homes . Manuscript under review. 15. Crape B. L., Latkin C. A., Laris A. S., Knowlton A. R. (2002). The effects of sponsorship in 12-step treatment of injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence; 65, 291-301. 16. Magura, S., Laudet, A. B., Mahmood, D., Rosenblum, A., Vogel, H. S., Knight, E. L. (2003). Role of self-help processes in achieving abstinence among dually diagnosed persons. Addictive Behavior; 28, 399-413. 17. Pagano, M. E., Friend, K. B., Tonigan, J. S., Stout R. L. (2004). Helping other alcoholics in Alcoholics Anony mous and drinking outcomes: findings from Project MATCH. Journal of Studies on Alcohol; 65, 766773. 18. Zemore, S. E., Kaskutas, L. A., & Ammon, L. N. (2004). In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction, 99(8), 1015-1023.

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19. King, K., Stewart, D., King, S., & Law, M. (2000). Organizational characteristics and Issues affecting the longev ity of self-help groups for parents of children with special needs. Qualitative Health Research, 10(2), 225-241. 20. Wituk, S. A., Shepherd, M. D., Warren, M., Meissen, G. (2002). Factors contributing to the survival of selfhelp groups . American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(3), 349-366.. 21. McCrady, B. S. & Miller, W. R. (1993). (Eds.) Alcoholics Anonymous: Opportunities and alternatives. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. 22. Olson, B. D., Viola, J. J., Jason, L. A., Davis, M. I., Ferrari, J. R., & Rabin- Belyaev, O. (2006). Economic costs of Oxford House inpatient treatment and incarceration: A preliminary report. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 31, 63-74. 23. Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 24. LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behav ior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52-65. 25. Organ, D. W. & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802. 26. Schappe, S.P . (1998).The influence of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fairness perception on organizational citizenship behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 132, 27790.

References
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