EXPO 2010 - UBPA CASE PROPOSAL

THE CITY
OF CURITIBA
“INTEGRATED
BUS SYSTEM”

CITY OF CURITIBA
PARANÁ - BRAZIL
The City of Curitiba “Integrated Bus System”
Beto Richa
Mayor of Curitiba

SHANGAI EXPO 2010 COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN
Eduardo Lopes Pereira Guimarães
Municipal Secretary of International Relations and Protocol

MEMBERS
IPPUC - Institute for Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba
Augusto Canto Neto
President

URBS S.A. - Municipal body for Public Transportation

Management and Traffic Operations
Paulo Afonso Schmidt
President

Clodualdo Pinheiro Júnior

Director for Business Development

Municipal Institute for Tourism

Luiz de Carvalho
President

José Antônio Andreguetto

Municipal Secretary of Environment

Curitiba S.A. - Municipal Company for Economic Development

Juraci Barbosa Sobrinho
President

IPPUC
Lubomir Ficinski Dunin
Project Coordinator

ASSISTANTS
Liana Vallicelli
Priscila Tiboni
Lara Rodrigues
Cristiana Camargo Gusso

CREDITS
Research and English Revision
Gisele Krzyzanowski

PHOTOS
Nani Goes
Carlos Ruggi
SMCS
Expressions of Interest Form for UBPA
Self-Recommend Exhibition Case Proposals

Case ID No. to be filled

out by the organizer

Case Title The City of Curitiba “Integrated Bus System”

City and Country Curitiba - Brazil

The authorized sources that World Bank

introduced and recommended East Asia Urban Development Unit
the proposed case (Please
attach the photocopies of the
name, cover, contents and
relevant documents of the
mentioned sources)

Curitiba as a Model City

Reasons for Self-Recommendation

page 07.

Briefing of the Recommended Case

1. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE page 15.
2. PERFORMANCE OF THE CASE page 19.
3. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CASE page 29.

Case Master Plan

page 33.

Contact Person
page 38.

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City of Curitiba
“Integrated Bus System”
COUNTRY AND CITY
Brazil is a Federative Republic and municipalities have their own autonomy.
The local governments are responsible for developing, coordinating and
implementing policies and projects according to the States and Federal laws
related to urban planning, environmental, public transportation, education,
health care, and social services issues.

Curitiba, the capital city of Paraná State, located in the South Region of Brazil,
is 315 years old. Situated 905 m above ocean level, the climate is classified
as a moist subtropical type with average temperatures of 19oC in the summer
and 13oC in the winter.

The city is the center of a metropolitan region encompassing 26 municipalities

totaling 3.2 million inhabitants. Only in the city boundaries, 1.8 million people
are living. The urbanization process in Curitiba and in the Metropolitan Region
of Curitiba followed the Brazilian pattern with an intense population growth
in the 70’s and 80’s decades as result of the rural-urban migrations.

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Curitiba is an important cultural, political and economic center.
Comprising a comprehensive infrastructure, Curitiba and its
Metropolitan Region have a wide range of spaces and facilities, such
as an international airport, modern convention centers, shopping
centers, a diversified gastronomy, a broad hotel infrastructure,
a variety of retail areas, outstanding leisure spaces, a network of public
parks and woods, museums and theaters. In addition, Curitiba is reference
as regards education and health care, counting on with 4 universities such
as the Federal University of Paraná, the oldest Brazilian university and a number
of hospitals, including 3 University-Hospitals.

The Service Sector is responsible for 65% of formal jobs in Curitiba, followed
by the Commerce Sector with 18% and Manufacturing Industry with 17%
of total employment.

Curitiba is worldwide known as a city planning model in Brazil with over 40 years
of urban planning experience.

The city is adhered to the integration among the urban functions as an induction
principle for urban growth. Land Use for the city space arrangement is linked
to the Road System prioritizing the Public Bus System over the individual
transportation, valuing the city space addressed to the pedestrian. The city relies
on the country’s most efficient public transit system. In addition to these guidelines,
the city growth is also oriented by its social, environmental and economic policies.

05.
CURITIBA AS A MODEL CITY

For the last decades many national and international missions have come to
Curitiba in order to know and study its forward projects, especially regarding
the city’s “Integrated Bus System” and its environmental approach on urban
planning. Some new Public Transit Systems in Brazil and abroad are based
on the Curitiba’s System, encompassing different profiles of cities, as follows:

CITY COUNTRY INTERVENTION

Goiânia Brazil Dedicated Lanes
Capital of Goiás State
and Bus Integration
Fortaleza Brazil Bus Integration
Capital of Ceará State

Campo Grande Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Mato Grosso do Sul State

Cuiabá Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Mato Grosso State

Manaus Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Amazonas State

Natal Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Rio Grande do Norte State

Campina Grande Brazil Bus Integration

The second most populous city of Paraíba State

Aracaju Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Sergipe State

Grande Vitória Brazil Bus Integration

Capital of Espírito Santo State

Recife Brazil Dedicated Lanes

Capital of Pernambuco State
and Bus Integration
Salvador Brazil Bus Integration
Capital of Bahia State
Florianópolis Brazil Bus Integration
Capital of Santa Catarina State

Joinville Brazil Bus Integration

City with a relevant industrial District
situated in Santa Catarina State

Blumenau Brazil Bus Integration

City with a relevant industrial District
situated in Santa Catarina State

Londrina Brazil Bus Integration

City located in the northern region of Paraná State

Cascavel Brazil Bus Integration

City located in the western region of Paraná State

Uberlândia Brazil Bus Integration

City located in the western of Minas Gerais State

Quito Ecuador Dedicated Lanes and Bus

Capital of Ecuador Integration and Integration Stations

Bogota Colombia Dedicated Lanes

Capital City and Bus Integration
Guayaquil Ecuador Dedicated Lanes
The most populous city in Ecuador
and Bus Integration

Rio de Janeiro Brazil In order to prepare the city for the 2014
Capital of Rio de Janeiro State International Soccer Championship and to
submit its candidacy for the 2016 Olympic
Games, it is being studied a system of
dedicated lanes and bus integration to
complement the City’s Metro System

06.
Reasons for Self-Recommendation
The case City of Curitiba “Integrated Bus System” is a best practice example
of how integration of public transit with urban planning, without losing sight
of environment concepts, has born fruits.

The case offers opportunity to understand the processes of change in Curitiba

that led to a sustainable urban development.

The revolution began in the 60’s when the City and its citizens tried to answer
two important questions: which is the city vocation and where does it lead to.

As an answer to those two questions, the 1943 Master Plan which envisioned,
permitted and induced the city growth from the center to the outlying
neighborhoods, in a radial pattern, in evermore all-embracing circles,
was substituted by the new 1966 Master Plan.

In opposition to the circularly conceived city, where the main thoroughfares

and itineraries led always from the center to the periphery and vice-versa
and the public transit was thought as something subsidiary to the car,
the 1966 Master Plan broke away radically and irreversibly the city’s radial
growth pattern and embraced the idea to change the model of urban expansion
into a linear growth.

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To do this the new Master Plan aimed at setting up a system of structural
arteries intended to foster the city’s growth called Structural Axes. These axes
would provide new areas for high density housing, medium-sized business
and services and allow the setting up of a mass public transit system that
would not only grow with the demand but if necessary it would induce it.

The mass public transit should be conceived not as a collection of separate

lines, but as a System. Instead of the car, the mass public transit system and
the land use laws would lead the urban growth and create a new urban
landscape in Curitiba.

The first axis to be implemented, the North-South, should be 60 meters wide

along its 20 kilometers of length. It implied in high costs of expropriations
for which no funds were available. To solve the problem of the axis width
the hypothesis the Trinary System of Roads, a three-road system, was raised.

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The idea was to divide the traffic into three roads using already existing more
or less external parallel streets, one on each side of the main thoroughfare
already existing and now considered a structural artery. This consisted basically
of a central road and two a one-way road on its either side. The central road
was divided into 3 sections, two sections with a one-way street for local traffic
and parking and a central two-way street dedicated for buses in the center.
The external roads were meant for continuous traffic flow in and out downtown
area. The continuity of the three external parallel streets was ensured through
small expropriations at a very low cost.

In a time of cheap fuel, Curitiba decided to base its development not on road
thinking, not on car, but on a public transportation development, avoiding also
costly solutions by the use of bus system.

It was a beginning of a transportation and environmental revolution. All today’s

political concern over CO2 emissions was really addressed and with the
introduction of biofuel in the near future, the emissions will be dramatically
decreased.

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The 1966 Master Plan also call for preservation of green areas that already
existed. Among them the Iguaçu Park, one out of a nowadays existing network
of over 30 Parks and Woods. The Iguaçu is a river that is born in Curitiba
and attracts millions of tourists to its world renowned falls. The idea of those
parks would be nothing more than the preservation of the areas along
riverbanks subject to flooding, giving back to river what belongs to it.

During 42 years, Curitiba steadily pursued its objectives and built step by step
of its “Integrated Bus System” and its environmental preservation.

The Green Line, the new development axis currently under construction,
integrating public transit, land use readjustments and a 22 km Linear Park
is the most recent materialization of Curitiba’s development vision.

Self-recommendation of the case of the City of Curitiba “Integrated Bus

System” as a model - as already shown - is based in real facts that demonstrate
that very good results can be achieved by small steps and political will.

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Briefing of The Recommended Case
1. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE
In the early sixties, at an era of extremely cheap oil and at a moment when
Brazil was implementing its own automobile industry, thus geometrically rising
the domestic supply of cars, and when Curitiba was beginning to face
accelerated demographic growth - to be accentuated in the 70’s and 80’s -
and the consequent disorganization of some urban functions, the pressures
on the city’s infrastructure became insurmountable.

It became clear that the 1943 Master Plan, due to its vision and the costs
to be incurred for its implementation, could not address the situation.

A turning point occurred during the debate over a large overpass that the
State’s Development Company refused to finance offering instead funds that
would enable a new Master Plan for Curitiba to be drawn up.

By 1966 the new Master Plan was ready and after a public consultation, officially
in effect. The 1966 Master Plan reversed completely the 1943 Master Plan
and proposed the linear growth and structural arteries - the Structural Axes -
that would concentrate population and services according to the directives
of the new land use regulations established by the Plan. So along the Structural
Axes there would be a maximum density that should decrease with the distance
of the axes. Thus, the remaining zones have been designed with decreasing
densities from those axes, which constituted the basis for structuring the city.
That enabled the city to maximize investments and reduce infrastructure costs.

The downtown core area that concentrated cultural and religious establishments
would be protected and the commerce and the services would be decentralized
along these Structural Axes and special streets named Collector Roads where
retail and services were also located to serve citizens in their own neighborhoods,
avoiding unnecessary trips.

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This arrangement would provide density to an efficient mass public transport
notwithstanding the fact that the public transportation in many occasions
could be used to induce desirable land occupation.

A hierarchy of city streets was also proposed by the Plan. The Structural Axes
were connected to the neighborhoods trough Collector Roads and other
complementary roads.

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With all these major changes, the new vision of public transportation as a System
was developed and the bus was chosen as the modal avoiding expensive solutions.

Other than getting decongested the city center, revitalizing its historical district
and giving priority to pedestrians, creating new parks and preserving its green
areas, the new Master Plan also brought on economic changes. Until the end
of the 1960’s, the municipal economy was locally-oriented and incipient, focused
on commerce and services. The 1966 Master Plan gave rise to its industrialization
process by setting aside an area to the West of the city for industrial uses.

The 1966 Master Plan has also recommended the creation of an institution that
should monitor and detail its implementation.

Thus, the Institute for Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba (IPPUC) was
created. IPPUC is a municipal body that was responsible and is until today by
implementing and monitoring the urban planning process for the City of Curitiba.
It’s main responsibilities among others are: to implement the measures that are
necessary to improve living conditions for the population; develop and deliver
to the Mayor’s Office a draft bill establishing the urban plan; develop studies
and research for the city’s integral planning development; analyze and propose
legislation and administrative measures that may be representative for the
development of the city.

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2. PERFORMANCE OF THE CASE

After the approval of the 1966 Master Plan, IPPUC began the detailing of
its basic guidelines that encompass seven sections, dealing with road system,
zoning, land subdivisions, urban renovation, preservation and revitalization
of historical areas, green areas and building code.

For the first time in the history of Curitiba, urban planning and its application
were based on the tripod: Land Use, Road System and Public Transportation
developed together.

During the 1966-70 period the plan of the Central Slow Traffic ring to protect
the central area and the Structural Sector Project were detailed. The Structural
Sector was composed by the Trinary System, a corridor of buses only, sided
by slow traffic roadways, and two parallel streets for fast traffic.

In 1971 began the implementation of the plan, first with implantation of the
Flower Street Pedestrian Area, the first in the country. Notwithstanding other
uses, the transformation of the most important downtown street into
a pedestrian area was symbolic to signalize the start of great transformations
in the city, demonstrating clearly the priority of the people over the car.

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During the 1971-74, the creation of great parks, woods and massive street tree
planting was initiated having as outcome the today’s ratio of 50m² of green area
per inhabitant transforming Curitiba in a “bio-city”.

In 1974 the Express Bus - a new model designed to operate in the axis, with
capacity to transport 100 passengers - begins to operate in the North-South
Axis, a 20 km long axis. The city had approximately 700.000 inhabitants and
all bus lines, including the new North-South Axis line were transporting 500.000
passengers per day.

From 1974 till now, 34 years span of time, Curitiba

abode to its public transportation guidelines. As a result
the Integrated Bus System transports 2.2 million
passengers per day in a city with 1.8 million inhabitants.
The main line, the North-South Axis itself transports
420.000 passengers per day.

All this development was done step by step through

rather simple measures compatible with the financial
possibilities of the city.

There were too much small steps to be described

in this document, but there are some points in the
trajectory of development of the Integrated Bus
System that deserve to be indicated.

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In 1975 twelve Feeder Bus lines were physically integrated to the North-South
Axis in their two Bus Terminals, thus beginning the integration process. At that
time 14% of the whole system was integrated.

In 1977 the Boqueirão Axis, with two Bus Terminals

and 10.6 km long was inaugurated.

In 1979 the first Circle Line connecting the Hauer

Bus Terminal, located on the Boqueirão Axis,
to the Capão Raso and Cabral Bus Terminals located
on the North-South Axis.

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In 1980 the East and West Axes with its 22 km long were inaugurated.
The Integrated Transportation Network - RIT was set up allowing the fare
and physical integration involving several types of bus services and the possibility
of making several itineraries with the payment of a single fare. The passenger
paying one fare can use the all system changing the busses at the Bus Terminals.

The new, Articulated Bus with capacity of transporting 160 passengers entered
in operation in the Express Lines of Boqueirão Axis.

1981 - 84 - Construction of 15 new Bus Terminals on the five axes.

1984 - As the beginning of the streamlining of the whole transportation system,

185 bus lines were reduced to 14 Express Lines and 54 Feeder Lines. At this time
55% of the public transportation was already integrated.

1991 - The ‘boarding-on-the-same-level-of-the-bus’

in Integration Stations and in special stations called
Tube Stations was inaugurated. It represented and
still represents one of the most innovative solutions
regarding the bus model. Other than improving the
passenger comfort, it enormously reduces the boarding
and disembarking time and promotes accessibility
to all citizens. The pre-payment of the fare that started
being use with the Tube Station was very important
to the process as well.

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1992 - The new Bi-articulated Bus, 25 m long and with capacity to transport
270 passengers began the operations on the Boqueirão Axis.

2000 - The Bi-articulated Bus was operating

on the 5 Axis.

2006 - A total of 93% of all public transportation are tariff and physically integrated.

2007 - Beginning of the construction of the Green Line - a Sixth Axis, intending
to be the first metropolitan axis 22 km long. The Green Line will be the greatest
avenue of Curitiba designed with a new concept of an urban avenue.

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3. EFECTIVENESS OF THE CASE

Other than saving an enormous amount of money to finance the construction

of broad avenues and avoid unnecessarily and destructive urban surgery and
the use of expensive modals, the implementation of the “Integrated Bus System”
has been of paramount consequences to the city.

The System acted effectively as a spear-head for the city development by

inducing the land occupation and creating a new urban pattern with a unique
urban landscape.

Integrations at the Bus Terminals combined with the same fare allowing
the total use of the system guarantee the full accessibility to all urban areas.

From this stand point Curitiba, today, maybe described as an ‘Open City’,
once people can reach everywhere by bus.

Another outcome from the “Integrated Bus System” is the decentralization

of the location of jobs and services.

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In 1964, 80% of passengers using public transportation had as destination the
central area. Recent research on the North-South Axis demonstrates that 55%
of the all passenger’s destinations was to the South Axis, 26% was to the North
Axis and only 19% was to the central area.

This distribution clearly demonstrates the decentralization of jobs and services

accomplished due to the guidelines provided by the 1966 Master Plan.

Today, existing data demonstrates the most frequently modals used by people
living in Curitiba.

MODAL TO WORK (%) TO STUDY(%) OTHER ACTIVITIES (%)

Bycicle 4.96 2.33 2.18
Car 18.96 16.28 32.20
Motorcycle 3.18 1.74 1.96
Taxi 0.25 0.58 1.16
Public Transit 42.37 50.59 53.07
Transport 2.29 - 0.65
of Enterprise

Van - 1.16 -

Walk 21.50 25.58 7.25

Other 4.58 1.74 1.38

Did Not Answer 1.91 - 0.15

Total 100 100 100

Obs.: Research made with a sample of 1855 people.

As to environmental issues, given the fact that 44% of the people interviewed
have car, it is easy to verify the diminishing of emissions of CO2 due to the
bus-oriented pattern of development, the “Integrated Bus System” of Curitiba.

The new transportation operation measures in study overlapping and

in implementation - the Green Line should also contribute to reduce even
more the emissions on the South Axis by 40.9 tons per year.

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The Value of The Case in The Future
Urban mobility and accessibility in the fast growing cities all over the world
is one of the most important issues regarding urban development. Urban traffic
problems are common not only in large cities but also in medium and even
in small cities.

The case demonstrates that:

• The concept and implementation methodology of the

case presented was tested by real use and approved.

• It is not necessary to do everything at the same time,

a System can be implemented step by step.

• In order to implement a System this way strong political

will and commitment are essential over the time.

• The solutions adopted may be innovative but should

seek simplicity and feasibility.

• Integration between land use, road system and

transportation must be pursued.

• Solutions should consider the built and the natural

environment. The notion of development should
be strongly linked to the notion of preservation.

• Even adopting a traditional solution, the bus, the less

expensive of a wide range of transportation mass
modals, when used with creative operational solutions
can be extremely efficient.

• Citizens should be involved early in the process

in order to support the actions in the future and
be proud of the System.

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Case Master Plan
The Curitiba’s Pavilion, a light poliedric metal structure, with 220 m2 will be
built in an area of 600 to 800 m2. The exposition area will be a continuous
space excepted by a small auditorium for 20 to 30 people. The Pavilion will
be surrounded by a garden designed by a landscape architect and two totems
to indicate its entrance. At night media projections will be made on the external
walls of the Pavilion.

The exposition of the Case of Curitiba “Integrated Bus System” is being

conceived to meet two types of visitors: the general public and the mayors,
managers and transportation specialists from the Chinese and other cities
in the world. It isthe reason why the Curitiba’s Pavilion will have two distinct
areas. The multimedia area to show and explain to the visitors the Concept,
the Beginning, the Evolution and the Future of the Curitiba’s System of Public
Transportation that along the last 43 years has been a model to many cities.
The other area, the auditorium, for meetings and presentations with
simultaneous translations to municipal representatives that would like
to learn more about the System.

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Themes and Medias of Exhibition

Entrance
“Electronic Door” - The visitor is invited by a sound
system to say the word CURITIBA as a password
to open the door and enter in the Pavilion.

Station 1
A panel showing general information about the
Master Plan and about Curitiba’s urban planning
process highlighting land use, road system, public
transportation and the environmental approach.

Station 2
Digital information about the System’s concept and
banners showing the Road System hierarchy, the Bus
System and the bus types. In this Station the visitor will
find information of the beginning of the implementation
of the System, back in 1974 when the transportation
capacity was of 500.000 passengers per day.

Station 3
A scale model demonstrating the evolution of the
System step by step until today. In a big screen,
the visitor will experience a bi-articulated bus trip
from the stand point of view of the bus driver.
In panels the visitor will see the on-level boarding
and disembarking.

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Station 4
A screen will show the new features proposed to
update the System allowing the special bi-articulated
busses operating on the dedicated lanes to overtake.
These busses will stop only at the Bus Terminals and
will have traffic priority at the intersections. The solution
will enhance the bus operational speed and consequently
the number of passenger transported. Going on,
the visitor will see on a screen the Green Line, currently
under construction, a new public transportation axis
that incorporates significant environmental concepts,
such as biofuels and a Linear Park with native plants.

Special Station
Each hour ten visitors will be chosen to make a virtual
trip through the Parks network and other touristic points
of Curitiba.

Exit
When leaving the exposition the visitor will receive
a folder or a DVD card containing graphic or digital
information about the exposition. A special brochure
about the Curitiba’s Integrated Bus System History
is going to be issued to present special authorities
visiting the Pavilion.

During the Opening week of the Exposition,

the Mayor of Curitiba and other municipal authorities
will make presentations to mayors of other cities
especially invited.

During all the exposition period, Municipal staff will

make presentations to the mayors, managers and
transportation specialists.

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Contact Person
Eduardo Lopes Pereira Guimarães
Secretary of the Secretariat of International Relations and Protocol
Chairman of the EXPO 2010 COMMITTEE
edguimaraes@pmc.curitiba.pr.gov.br
internacional@pmc.curitiba.pr.gov.br

Mailing Address
Palácio 29 de Março
Avenida Cândido de Abreu, 817 - Centro Cívico
Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
80530-908

Lubomir Ficinski Dunin

Advisor to the President of IPPUC
Project EXPO 2010 Coordinator
lubomir@superig.com.br
lubomir@ippuc.org.br

Mailing Address
IPPUC
Rua Bom Jesus, 669 - Cabral
Curitiba - Paraná - Brazil
80035-010

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