Cas turbine control system

Control of gas turbine is done by Control of gas turbine is done by

&tartup control &tartup control
Acceleration control Acceleration control
&peed control &peed control
Temperature control Temperature control
&ut down control &ut down control
Nanual control Nanual control
ow to determine operating condition ow to determine operating condition
Te sensors ,( detected turbine speed,
exaust termocouple ,compressor
discarge pressure,and oter
parameter)are used to determine te
operating condition of te gas turbine
uel stroke reference (&%)
&% is te command signal for fuel flow
Control of gas turbine is done by te
lowest &%(&% &, &% ACC ,&%!,
&%T,&% &,&% NA!)
Te lowest &% value of te six control
loop is allowed to fuel control system
&implify control scematic
Control sem.
block diagram
&tart up/&ut down sequence
and control
&tart up function objective &tart up function objective
Bring te gas turbine from zero speed Bring te gas turbine from zero speed
to full speed safely by providing proper to full speed safely by providing proper
fuel to establised flame and accelerate fuel to establised flame and accelerate
te turbine safely te turbine safely
Ninimize te low cycle fatigue of te Ninimize te low cycle fatigue of te
ot gas parts during te sequence ot gas parts during te sequence
&peed detector
&peed is te important parameter
during start up because te sequence
of start up is te relation of speed
Turbine speed is measured by magnetic
pick up
&peed detector sent signal to Nark v to
convert electrical signal to be te
turbine speed in percent or rpm.
&peed converter
&peed relay
Te speed relay tat are used to control
te sequence of start up
L% Zero speed
LN Ninimum speed
LA Acceleration speed
L& ull speed
L14HR Zero Speed
L14HP Spare speed signaI
L14HF At fieId fIashing speed
L14HM Minimum Firing Speed
L14HA AcceIerating speed
L14HS Min operating speed
L14HC AuxiIiary Cranking
Speed ReIay
L14HT CooI down SIow RoII
Start Speed ReIay
0.06 %
0.31%
18%
19%
95%
90%
18%
15%
50%
46%
96.4%
94.8%
60%
50%
8.4%
3.2%
&tart up control
Operate as an open loop control using
preset level of te fuel command signal
&%(Zero , ire ,Warm up,Accelerate,)
&% level are set as control constant
and calculation in te Nark v
14.4%
17.5%
30.6%
005s
5s
1 sec
Start up
FSR
&tart up curve
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ire sut down
ire sut down is an improvement over
te former fuel sut off at L& drop
out by maintaining flame down to lower
speed to reduction te strain develop
on ot gas pat part
FSRNAX Nax Fuel Reference
L83SDSET Preset FSRSD to Existing FSR
L83SDN!N Set FSRSD to FSRN!N
FSR Fuel Stroke Reference
FSRN!N FSR: Ninimum
FSKSDn Shutdown FSR Ramp n
L83]SDn Set FSRSD Ramp
Rate to FSK SDn
L83SDL FSRSD Lower Logic
L83SDR FSRSD Raise Logic
FSRN!N FSR: Ninimum
FSKSDB Shutdown FSR Ramp
Dead band 0.1%
FSRSD
Shut
down
FSR
Signal
L60SDN
FSRSD
at Nin FSR
100 %
L&&T
L94SD Shutdown with Breaker Open
L94SDY TD L94SD
L83SDSET Preset FSRSD to Existing FSR
025 s
L&N!!
L83SDN!N Set FSRSD to FSRN!N
L60SDN FSRSD at Nin FSR
L28CAN Any Can Flamed Out
L83RB Ramp to Blowout Selected
L94SD Shutdown with Breaker Open
L4 Naster protective signal
&% &ut down ramp rate
01 sec
5 sec
005 sec
01 sec
1 sec
01 sec
0.1 %
L]&
L94X Turbine Shutdown
L83SDR FSRSD Raise Logic
L4 Naster protective signal
L83]SD1 Set FSRSD Ramp Rate to FSK SD1
L&L &% Lower logic
L L &N logic false wen &%& &N logic false wen &%&&%N!! > &%N!! >
L L %B logic true wen lame out > %B logic true wen lame out > sec sec
or lame O! but T! < or lame O! but T! <
L L &L will be logic true in te case of below &L will be logic true in te case of below
One can out(L One can out(L CA!) CA!)
L]&to logic
Flame ON TNH<30%
FSRSD FSRSD FSRN!N > FSRN!N >00..11 % %
CT Trip
1 Can off
&peed control
Te speed control system control te
speed and load of te gas turbine to
maintain speed at at any load
&peed control software will cange &%
in proportion to te difference between
T!(turbine speed)and T!%(speed ref.)
Turbine drive generator operating
speed range normally from
&tart up reference speed is
&peed droop
roop speed control is te proportional
control canging te &% in proportion
to te difference between actual turbine
speed and turbine speed reference as
te equation below
(T!%T!)x roop gain+&%!L =&%!
roop control algoritm
100 %
14.7 %
1sec
10.5
roop control curve
&yncronizing control
T!% for syncronizing is . to
keep te generator faster tan te grid
!f frequency as varied enoug te
speed matcing circuit adjust T!% to
maintain turbine speed .to .
faster tan te grid
Turbine speed reference T!%
&peed control scematic
Auto sync logic
&ync permissive logic
109%
86.5%
109%
86.5%
505Hz
495Hz
505Hz
495Hz
System Iine voItage
Generator voIts
Generator frequency
Line Frequency
&ync speed matcing permissive
Auto sync permissive logic
Temperature control
Te temperature control system will
limit fuel flow to gas turbine to maintain
internal operating temperature witin
gas turbine limitation of turbine ot gas
pat parts.
iring temperature is te temperature
exists at first stage nozzle. Tis
temperature must be limited by control
system
iring temperature
!t is impractical to measure temperature
direct to te combustion camber or at
te turbine inlet &o, te control system
control te exaust temperature
instead.
iring temperature as a function of fuel
flow (&%)
&% temp. control curve are used as
back up to primary CP. Bias temp.
xaust temperature control
Cromel alumel TC are installed at Cromel alumel TC are installed at
exaust plenum to sent signal to Nark v exaust plenum to sent signal to Nark v
xaust temperature control soft ware
.Temperature control command .Temperature control command
.Temp control bias calculation .Temp control bias calculation
.Temp reference selection .Temp reference selection
Temperature control &%.
xaust temp control command
!s te temperature control command
(TT%B)compare te exaust temperature
control set point(TTN).Te soft ware
program converts te temperature error to
fuel stroke reference signal &%T
Temperature control bias
iring temperature limit by linearized
function of exaust temperature and
CP backed up by linearized function of
exaust temperature and &%
Temperature control Bias
!sotermal !sotermal

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Compressor discarge pressure(CP)
uel stroke reference(&%)
Temperature control bias
Temperature control bias
CT. Operate by C. or O.
!f CP bias >&% bias Alarm will sow
CT.Operate by eavy oil(monitor nozzle
plugging)
if &% bias >CP bias alarm will sow
CP S &% bias temp control
Temperature reference select program
or temperature reference select,tree
digital input signal are decode (L]T!)
to select one set of constant i.e.
Base load open cycle select Base load open cycle select
Base load combined cycle select Base load combined cycle select
Peak load select Peak load select
Temperature reference select program
uel control system
uel control system will cange fuel
flow to te combustion in response to
te fuel stroke reference signal(&%)
&% &% call for liquid fuel flow call for liquid fuel flow&%
call for gas fuel flow&% = &% =
&% &% + &% + &%
Liquid fuel control system
Liquid fuel bypass servo valve
Liquid fuel control system
Wen liquid fuel is selected and start. Te
control system will ceck L4 logic(1). At
minimum speed L20L(O. trip valve) and
L20C(fuel oil clutc) will energized.
Wen CT. iring &%& will go to control
turbine troug fuel splitter and liquid fuel
flow command $%OT will demand to fuel
oil by pass valve to control liquid fuel flow to
combustion camber.
Liquid fuel flow diagram
Nin
sel
FSRSU
FSRSD
FSRT
FSRN
FSRNAN
Fuel
Splitter
Fuel
flow
Com
mand
Bypass
Servo
Com
mand
Servo
valve
FSR
FSR1 FQROUT
DC
mA
Liquid fuel flow control
&%1v1 uel splitter
Fuel change permissive
Fuel Split Transfer Rate
33 %SP/s
Fraction of Liq Fuel Set point Command
!ncrease Liquid Fuel
!ncrease Cas Fuel
Fuel Stroke Reference
Fuel Splitter Liquid Fuel Purge Level
Fuel Splitter Cas Fuel Purge Level
Fraction of Liquid Fuel
Nixed Fuel Operation
Completely on Cas Fuel
Completely on Liquid Fuel
Liquid Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter
Cas Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter
0 %
0 %
Liquid Fuel Stop valve
Control Signal
Flow divider mag
pickup speed
Liq fuel bypass valve
servo current
Liquid Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter
Turbine Speed
Naster protective signal
Calibration position reference
Calib selection command pass code
Excessive Liq Fuel Startup
8
Liq Fuel Bypass valve Flow Detection
Trouble Set point
3
LF Byp vlv Servo Current
Trouble Alarm
30
10 sec
Naster reset
Liq Fuel Bypass valve Flow
Detected Trouble Alarm
Liquid Fuel Flow High (trip )
Liq Fuel Flow Reference Angle
Liquid fuel bypass valve
servo command6FP1(
ALN171'L!QU!D FUEL CONTROL FAULT'
&ystem ceck from flow
divider and servo valve
xcessive flow on start up (trip CT. !f
excessive flow exist during warm up
period) L60L
LvT. Position feed back
Bypass valve is not fully open wen
stop valve is close
Loss of flow divider feed back
uel gas control system
uel gas flow is controlled by te gas speed
ratio stop valve (&%v) and Cas control valve
(CCv)
&%v is designed to maintain a predetermined
pressure(P2)at te inlet of gas control valve
as a function of gas turbine speed
CCv plug is intended to be proportional to
&%2 for fuel gas flow
CvC S &%v control block diagram CvC S &%v control block diagram
Nin
sel
FSRSU
FSRSD
FSRT
FSRN
FSRNAN
Fuel
Splitter
CCv
Com
mand
Cas
Servo
Com
mand
Servo
valve
36CC
FSR
FSR2 FSROUT
DC
mA
SRv
Com
mand
SRv
Servo
Com
mand
Servo
valve
30SR
FPRCOUT
DC
mA
C. low Control
C. Press Control
CCv. &cematic diagram
Cas control valve out put
Cas Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter
CCv servo command
|6CC1]
Calibration position reference %
Calibration selection command pass code
Cas Fuel Stop valve Open
Naster protective signal
&%v. &cematic
Turbine Speed
Cas Ratio valve Open
Naster protective
&%v. Out put signal
Fuel Cas Press Ratio
Control Cain 3146 psi/%
Fuel Cas Press Ratio Control Offset
1788 psi
StopSpeed Ratio valve
Shutdown Command Set point
40 psi
Cas Ratio valve Control Press Ref psi
Stop/speed ratio valve servo
command 30SR1( psi
Cas Ratio valve Control Press Ref (psi)
uel gas control and monitor alarm
xcessive fuel flow during start up
Loss of LvT feed back on &%v and
CCv
&ervo current to &%v. detected prior to
permissive to open
&ervo current to CCv. detected prior to
permissive to open
!nter valve pressure low
Cas control valve
servo current
Position fdbck gas
controlvalve |96CC1( %
Cas Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter
Position fdbck gas
controlvalve |96CC1( % 3 %
3 sec
5 %
5 sec
Cas control valve not
following reference
Cas control valve not
following reference trip
Cas Control valve
Position Feedback Fault
Cas Control valve
Open Trouble Alarm
Cas Control valve
Servo Current Fault
ALN133:'CAS CONTROL
vALvE SERvO TROUBLE'
-5 %
5 %
37.5 %
Cas Fuel Stop valve Open
3 sec
CONNAND PB Naster reset
Speed ratio valve
servo current
!nterstage fuel gas press
xmitter |96FC2A] psi
Position fdbck srv
|96SR1( %
ALN134:'CAS FUEL !NTERvALvE
PRESSURE TROUBLE'
Cas Ratio valve Open
StopRatio valve Position
FeedbackTrouble Alarm Lo
ALN132:'CAS RAT!O vALvE
POS!T!ON SERvO TROUBLE'
StopRatio valve
Open Trouble Alarm
StopRatio valve Servo
Current Trouble Alarm
Startup Cas Fuel Stroke High
CONNAND PB Naster reset
5 psi
2 sec
-6.67 %
6.67 %
15 %
33.3 %
ual fuel control
Cas turbine are designed to operate by
bot C S O. Te control as provide
te following feature
Transfer from one fuel to anoter
Allow time for filling te line
Nix fuel operation
operation of liquid fuel nozzle purge
wen operating totally on Cas fuel.
uel splitter scematic
uel transfer
Nix uel operation
Limit on te fuel mixture are required to
ensure
Proper combustion
Liquid fuel distribution
Liquid fuel flow velocity
Combustion ratio
uel transfer limit (or C.)
Transfer(select one fuel)prior to startup
o not transfer fuel below NW.
o not operate mix below rated
gas flow or gas at NW.(to avoid
nozzle pressure ratio dropping below
.and possibly causing combustion
camber pulsation.)
uel transfer limit (or C.)
o not mixed below rated liquid
flow(to avoid excessive liquid fuel
recalculation flow resulting in fuel over
eating and possibly causing fuel oil
pump damage.)
Nix fuel Allowable range curve
30 NW
0
100
30
70
60
40
90
10
100
0
CAS
L!Q
No
N!X
NO N!XED
NO
N!XED
NW
LOAD
Rated
N!XED OK
Nodulate !nlet Cuide vane
Protect compressor pulsation by
modulate during te acceleration of gas
turbine to rated speed.
!Cv modulation maintain proper flow
and pressure to combustion.
Naintain ig exaust temperature at
low load wen combined cycle
application.
Nodulate !Cv control sceme.
!Cv. Control control reference
(C&%Cv)
N!N
SEL
!Cv
part
Speed
NAX
SEL
!Cv
NAN
!Cv
TENP
CON
TROL

N!N
SEL
L83CvNAX
86 DCA
CPD
TNH
CSRCv
57 DCA
CLOSE
OPEN
L83CvNAN
TTRX
L83CvSS
371 c
1120 c
TTXN
(!Cv CONTROL
REFERENCE)
CSRCvX
+
'G' Temp ControI AirfIow Ref Offset
Turb inIet guide vane servo
vIv command [90T'1( DGA
!Cv Control Algorithm from Nark v !Cv Control Algorithm from Nark v
!Cv Part speed control
86 DCA
CPRS OFF Line washing
'G' Reference AngIe (DGA)
57 DCA
57 DCA
Permissive nIet Guide 'ane Ref
!Cv Nanual Control Permissive
0 DCA
Stator 17 G' Gain
1 DCA
AirfIow ControI Reference % G' on Temperature ControI
G' at Minimum Position
G' at Maximum Position
Temp Control and
Nanual Control Ref
Calibration selection
command pass code
Calibration position reference
!Cv. Part speed reference
Speed Correction Factor
Compressor Temperature Ratio
519
o
F
Open !Cv Position
86 DCA
v!Cv Part Speed HP
Corr Speed Offset
77.320 %
v!Cv Part Speed
HP Corr Speed Cain
v!Cv Part Speed Ref
Nin Setpoint
Part Speed v!Cv Reference
Nax Comp !nlet Flange Temp
o
F
HP Turbine Speed
6786 DCA
Turbine Speed HP, !so Corrected
34 DCA
!Cv. Control control reference
(C&%Cv)
N!N
SEL
!Cv
part
Speed
NAX
SEL
!Cv
NAN
!Cv
TENP
CON
TROL

N!N
SEL
L83CvNAX
86 DCA
CPD
TNH
CSRCv
57 DCA
CLOSE
OPEN
L83CvNAN
TTRX
L83CvSS
371 c
1120 c
TTXN
(!Cv CONTROL
REFERENCE)
CSRCvX
+
From Where ?
C&%Cv
L83CvNAN_CND
Nin
SEL

T
v = OT
1+T&
v
%&T
OT =v
!Cv
NAN
TTXN
TTRX
CSKCvDB
L83CvDB
TTRXCvB
700 F
2048 F
L83CvSS
TNCv
CSKCvTPC
CSKCvTC
CSRCv
CSRCvX
2 deg F
2 deg F
4 sec
TT%
NED
SEL

Z
1
L83REC
TTRXC
TTRXR1
TTRXR2
TTRN!NSEL
TTRX
1 F/sec
1 F/sec
!Cv Temperature control
(C&%Cv)Biasby&%. , CP.
L83]T! = Temperature select logic(by damperSfuel)
! = 0 Operate open cycle mode on Cas fuel
! = 1 Operate Combined cycle mode on Cas fuel
! = 2 Operate open cycle on mode Liquid fuel
! = 3 Operate Combined cycle mode on Liquid fuel
or example sow value of curve != 1

A
A < B
B
L60TRF
FSR
Conner
Slope
!SO thermal
Slope
CPD
Conner
L83]TN
N!N
SEL
TTRN!NSEL 42707 %
4387 F/%
1140 deg F
808 prs_R
27342 F/ prs
!Cv. Operation curve
!Cv. ault detection
Position feedback
!Cv |96Tv1(
31 DCA
35 DCA
-30 %
!Cv Control Permissive
5 sec
CONNAND PB Naster reset
!Cv Loss of Feedback Alarm
!Cv vanes Open Alarm
!Cv Servo Current Alarm
Neg Saturation
TCQARECCUR !Cv
control servo current
DCA
%
!Cv. !ot following C&%Cv.
Position feedback !Cv
|96Tv1] DCA
v!Cv Reference Angle DCA
ALN108:'!NLET CU!DE vANE
CONTROL TROUBLE ALARN'
!Cv Not Following CSRCv Trip
75 DCA
5 SEC
75 DCA
5 SEC