Consultant:
General Notes
Specification used : ERA Bridge Design Manual-2002
Back fill material is assumed level and traffic surcharge load is incorporated.
W9
W8
W1
H [height of wall]
W2
W4
W6
W3
W7
W5
Input Dimensions
Recommended value
Height of wall, H =
Stem top thickness,T1 =
Stem bottom thickness,T2 =
Depth of heel cantilever,T5 =
Tappering slope,y1 =
End depth of heel cantilever,T3 =
End depth of toe cantilever,T4 =
Length of heel cantilever,L1 =
Length of toe cantilever,L2 =
Length of footing, L =
Height of fill, H2 =
Free board of wall height on top =
5.00
0.25
0.40
0.40
0.10
0.21
0.30
1.95
1.00
3.35
4.80
0.00
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
1.01 m
3.50 m
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Material Properties
Yield stength of reiforcemement steel, fy for f <=20 =
Yield stength of reiforcemement steel, fy for f >20 =
Cylinderical compressive strength at 28 days, fc' =
350.0 Mpa
400.0 Mpa
20.0 Mpa
24.00
19.22
0.38
38 Deg.
0.9
0.70
0.70
soil
Soil type
Clay
Sand
Gravel
fT
ff
0.85
0.8
0.9
22
25
38
250.00 kN/m2
2
16.24 kNm
Load Factors
Active Horizontal earth pressure =
Vertical earth pressure =
Dead load of components =
Max
1.50
1.35
1.25
Min
0.90
1.00
0.90
Resisting
Material
Portion
concrete
W1
"
W2
"
W3
"
W4
"
W5
"
W6
"
W7
Concrete Total
soil
soil
W8
W9
Surcharge
Soil Total
Weight
[kN/m]
27.6
8.28
3.84
1.20
7.20
4.56
9.59
62.28
176.06
6.63
34.11
216.79
Centroidal moment
distance
(Weight
from toe X centroidal
distance)
[m]
1.13
31.05
1.30
10.76
1.2
4.61
0.67
0.80
0.50
3.60
2.05
9.35
2.375
22.79
82.96
2.375
1.35
2.3
418.14
8.95
78.44
505.53
heq [m]
1.70
1.20
0.76
0.61
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heq [m]
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Wall height [m]
8.00
heq [m]
10.00
Wall Height[m]
1.5
3.0
6.0
9
heq [m]
1.70
1.20
0.76
0.61
Let P1 & P2 be the earth pressure from the surcharge and linearly varyng load.
P1
P2
sum
Force
30.86
91.30
122.15
Arm from
Driving
foundation Moment
level
about Toe
2.5
77.14
1.7
152.16
229.30
a ) With min. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
The summation of moment about toe, Msum =
The eccentricity e , is therefore,
e =L/2-Msum/V =
0.809 m
236.24 kNm
e<L/4, OK !!
When e<=L/6
q heel =
-36.59 kN/m2
OK !!
q toe =
199.48 kN/m2
OK !!
-36.59
199.48
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Case -2
When L/6<e<=3/8*L
qmax =2V/[3(L/2-e)] =
L1 =3[L/2-e] =
210.08 kN/m2
2.598 m
210.08
L1 =
2.598 m
1.732 m
V
qmax =V(L/2+e)/[Le(L-Le/2)] =
157.56 kN/m2
qmax =
157.6 kN/m2
Le = 1.732 m
b ) With max. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
The summation of moment about toe, Msum =
The eccentricity e , is therefore,
e =L/2-Msum/V =
0.481 m
442.22 kNm
e<L/4, OK !!
When e<=L/6
q heel =
15.22 kN/m2
OK !!
q toe =
205.98 kN/m2
OK !!
15.22
205.98
Case -2
When L/6<e<=L/4
qmax =2V/[3(L/2-e)] =
L1 =3[L/2-e] =
206.96 kN/m2
3.581 m
206.96
L1 =
3.581 m
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2.387 m
qmax =
155.2 kN/m2
qmax =V(L/2+e)/[Le(L-Le/2)] =
155.22 kN/m
Le = 2.387 m
4.0 Stability
4.1 Stability against overturning
For foundation on soil, the location of the resultant of the reaction forces shall be within the middle half of the base.
For foundation on rock, the location of the resultant of the reaction forces shall be within the middle three-fourth
of the base. This condition is already checked above.
4.2 Stability against sliding
Driving force =
Resisting force =
122.15 kN
152.44 kN
5. Design of components
5.1 Design of stem
5.1.1 Design for Flexure
The moment at the base of the stem is calculated as;
Net height of fill on stem =
4.60 m
Msurcharge =
Mvaryng =
Msum =
65.29 kNm/m
118.48 "
183.78 "
275.67 kNm/m
75.13 KNm/m
Mu =
275.67 KNm/m
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2)
=
2460.47 mm
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b)
=
57.89 mm
use
20
S1
c/c
Dprov. =
beff =
400 mm
1000 mm
fy =
fc' =
f=
fbar =
cover =
dprov =
b1 =
400
20
0.9
20
50
340
0.85
MPa
MPa
mm
mm
mm
120 mm
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As prov. =
2618 mm
Smax =
450 mm
0.0163
0.0077 OK !!
1308.30 mm
The distance from top to the point where half of the reinforcement is not required (i.e "y") can be found by trial and error
to equalize the moment by the factored lateral pressure and the moment that can be resisted by half of the bar.
(1)
(2)
Where d = y/(H-T5)*(T2-T1)+T1-cover-f/2
y* is the free board given on top
y
2.65
My
of eq (1)
119.52
My
of eq (2)
123
Extension length reqd beyond the point at which it is no longer required is given by ;
lext reqd = max( 15*dia of bar,deff)
=
340 mm
Therefore, the bar can be cut at the following distance from top of wall.
Bar cut off point from top of wall =
2.31 m
0.9
a ) With min. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
a
The factored pressure from underneath minus weight of cantilever is,
qtoe =
150.36 kN/m2
q a-a =
2
147.96 kN/m
Wc
74.78 kNm/m
a
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b ) With max. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
The factored pressure from underneath minus weight of cantilever is,
qtoe =
q a-a =
Mfact.a-a =
148.02 kN/m2
2
145.62 kN/m
73.61 kNm/m
74.78 kNm/m
Mcr =frIg/yt =
75.13 KNm/m
Mu =
90.16 KNm/m
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2)
=
924.83 mm
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b)
=
19.04 mm
use
12
As prov. =
T1
c/c
943 mm2
400 mm
1000 mm
fy =
fc' =
f=
fbar =
cover =
dprov =
b1 =
350
20
0.9
12
75
319
0.85
MPa
MPa
mm
mm
mm
120 mm
Smax =
Dprov. =
beff =
450 mm
0.0196
0.0030 OK !!
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a ) With min. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
b
qtoe =
q b-b =
V factored b-b=
150.36 kN/m2
2
157.56 kN/m
104.84 kN/m
b ) With max. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
qtoe =
q b-b =
148.02 kN/m
2
155.22 kN/m
V factored b-b=
103.26 kN/m
V factored b-b(max) =
104.84 kN/m
f shear =
Allowable shear stress is given by : vc = 0.166sqrt(fc')
=
0.742 Mpa
The maximum allowable factored shear force that can be resisted by the concrete section is:
213.14 kN/m
> Vhoriz, OK !
Vall =f*vc*b*d =
0.9
b
a
wt. of soil + Surcharge
2
96.85 kN/m
2
q end =
0.00 kN/m
b
a
The length of pressure application Lh is,
Lh =
1.20 m
The average pressure by the weight of soil, surcharge and heel cantilever is given as,
2
qsoil+surcharge+cantilever=
113.06 kN/m
b
a
wt. of soil + Surcharge
Case -2 When the foundation material is soil
qmax =
157.56 kN/m2
Lh =
0.33 m
Assume counter clock-wise moment as positive.
Ma-a =
206.29 kNm/m
Wc
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b ) With max. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
Case -1 When the foundation material is rock
2
126.26 kN/m
q a-a =
2
q end =
15.22 kN/m
The length of pressure application Lh is,
1.95 m
Lh =
The average pressure by the weight of soil, surcharge and heel cantilever is given as,
2
qsoil+surcharge+cantilever=
152.89 kN/m
215.07 kNm/m
75.13 KNm/m
Ig =bh3/12 =
yt=
fr =
5.3E+09 mm4
200 mm
2.817 MPa
The amount of reinforcement shall be adequate to develop a factored flexural resistance at least equal to the
lesser of :
- 1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution and the
modulus of rupture, fr, of the concrete.
- 1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load combinations.
Mu =
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2)
=
1869.26 mm
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b)
=
43.98 mm
215.07 KNm/m
Dprov. =
beff =
400 mm
1000 mm
fy =
fc' =
f=
fbar =
cover =
dprov =
b1 =
400
20
0.9
20
50
340
0.85
MPa
MPa
mm
mm
mm
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use
20
H1
c/c
1964 mm2
As prov. =
160 mm
Smax =
450 mm
0.0163
0.0058 OK !!
a ) With min. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
q end =
2
157.56 kN/m
q b-b =
2
0.00 kN/m
Lh =
0.00 kN/m
V factored b-b=
220.47 kN/m
b ) With max. factors for dead and surcharge load and max. factor for lateral pressure
q end =
2
155.22 kN/m
q b-b =
2
155.22 kN/m
Lh =
0.65 kN/m
V factored b-b=
197.70 kN/m
0.9
fbar =
10 mm
487.5 mm2
f
10
c/c
320
mm
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H [height of wall]
Bar Schedule
300
Bar S1
400
400
10
S1*
c/c
240 mm
300
L=
1400 mm
S1
c/c
240 mm
S2
c/c
240 mm
4753
f
L=
20
5153 mm
400
Bar S2
f
2616
L=
20
3016 mm
400
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Bar S3
f
4850
L=
10
S3
c/c
320 mm
c/c
240 mm
c/c
240 mm
5000 mm
150
Bar T1
175
3250
f
L=
12
T1
3425 mm
Bar T2
175
1550
f
L=
12
T2
1725 mm
Bar H1
2262
300
80
f
L=
20
T1
c/c
160 mm
2642 mm
Size
[mm]
20
10
20
10
20
12
12
10
Number/m
4.17
4.17
4.17
3.13
6.25
4.17
4.17
54
Length
[mm]
5153
1400
3016
5000
2642
3425
1725
1000*
Weight
[kg]
52.96
3.60
31.00
9.64
40.73
12.67
6.38
33.30
Grade 20 Concrete--------------------2.59 m3
Reinforcement Steel-------------------190.27 kg
* indicates that the actual length is the length of the wall minus cover
The fraction number of bar is due to per linear assumption.
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