Module 1

Ajax Logistics delivers container loads for LLC, a fortune 100

company. You are the logistics manager for LLC You have
experienced delayed deliveries in the past and have shared
the same with Ajax. Ajax had promised to improve the
service by Dec. Two months later, Ajax claims that service
has in fact improved. He provides you the delivery pattern in
Oct versus Dec Open file & Compare the two situations
using:

Average

What is the % improvement?

What is the standard deviation?

Delivery cycle time in days

Oct
Dec
12
27
24
7
13
15
7
4
16
18
8
6
20
23
25
6
14
2
10
24
11
2
30
6
16
5

Solution
Delivery cycle time in days
Oct
Dec
12
27
24
7
13
15
7
4
16
18
8
6
20
23
25
6
14
2
10
24
11
2
30
6
16
5
206
145
Sum
15.8
11.2
Average

Average for month of Oct is 15.8

Average for month of Dec is 11.2
Which means the mean has reduced from 15.8 to 11.2 and indicates that there has
been an improvement of around 30%.

Oct
Xbar X - Xbar (X - Xbar)^2
15.84 -3.84
14.75
15.84 8.16
66.59
15.84 -2.84
8.07
15.84 -8.84
78.15
15.84 0.16
0.03
15.84 -7.84
61.47
15.84 4.16
17.31
15.84 9.16
83.91
15.84 -1.84
3.39
15.84 -5.84
34.11
15.84 -4.84
23.43
15.84 14.16
200.51
15.84 0.16
0.03
591.69
Standard Deviation
7
X
12
24
13
7
16
8
20
25
14
10
11
30
16

Dec
Xbar X - Xbar (X - Xbar)^2
11.15 15.85
251.10
11.15 -4.15
17.25
11.15 3.85
14.79
11.15 -7.15
51.18
11.15 6.85
46.87
11.15 -5.15
26.56
11.15 11.85
140.33
11.15 -5.15
26.56
11.15 -9.15
83.79
11.15 12.85
165.02
11.15 -9.15
83.79
11.15 -5.15
26.56
11.15 -6.15
37.87
971.69
Standard Deviation
9
X
27
7
15
4
18
6
23
6
2
24
2
6
5

While it seemed like an improvement earlier but looking at Standard Deviation for
the months of Oct & Dec clearly shows that spread of the variation has increased.
Earlier the variation used to be 7 days which has not gone up to 9 days.

Module 3
Assignment
Process mapping for sending a fax
Spend 15 minutes drafting a process map for sending a fax

Draw the process map on a piece of paper using a pencil.

Identify the start point and end point of the process

Remember to identify all the activities, inputs and outputs

Use appropriate symbols while drawing the process map

Solution:

Sender

Depicts the
start of the
process

Start

Depicts a
decision point always has yes/
no outputs

Depicts a
step taken
by the
actionee

Compose
fax on
computer

Yes goes right

Do you want to
save a copy?

Yes

Sa
fax

No goes down

No

Print fax
Defines area of
responsibility
for actionee
Depicts a
functional area
or actionee e.g.
department

Send fax to
recipient

Represents
readable data
such as
printed output

Send a copy
to CEO?

No

Recipient
Recipient
receives fax

End

Depicts the
end point
of the
process

Module 4
4.1 Assignment- Calculate ANOVA
The following is the score of two groups A and B and the scores of each group
respectively of 20 subjects
Grou
Grou
pA
pB
45
68
73
59
62
70
56
57
55
84
Calculate ANOVA and also indicate whether you should accept or reject the null
hypothesis.

Yes

Solution:

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMA RY
Groups
Group A
Group B

Count Sum Average Variance

5 291
58.2
105.7
5 338
67.6
115.3

A NOVA
Source of Variation SS
df
Between Groups
220.9
1
Within Groups
884
8
Total

1105

MS
220.9
110.5

F
P-value
F crit
1.999095 0.1951062 5.3176551

The p-value as can be seen is greater than 0.05 implying that null hypothesis should
be accepted.

4.2

Assignment- Calculate t test

Grou
pA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Grou
Score
pB
2
74
2
42
2
14
2
53
2
94
2
15
2
34
2
45.5
and also indicate whether you should accept reject the null

Score
57
64
15
87
15
58
54

Calculate t test
hypothesis.
Solution:

t-Test: Two-Sample A ssuming Unequal Variances

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

Variable 1
Variable 2
50
46.4375
690.6666667 754.3883929
7
8
0
13
0.256457473
0.400805687
1.770933396
0.801611374
2.160368656

The p-value as can be seen is greater than 0.05 implying that null hypothesis should
be accepted.

Module 5
5.1 What is the strength of the relationship b/w X & Y? Make a correlation
& regression coefficient graph to demonstrate that. The variables are as
follows:

x
2.0
3.5
3.9
4.8
6.0
7.4

y
3.3
4.1
4.5
5.2
6.0
6.6

Solution:
Strength of the relationship b/w X & Y, r= 0.994662328

D=AB

E=AC

F=BC

G=AB
C

5.2 Q2. Create a DOE chart using the following variables:

Outp
ut

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

23
19
33
45
38
121
65
110

Solution:

Module 6
Make a P-chart based on following data.

Class
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Absent Enrolled
2
50
4
50
7
50
1
50
3
50
6
50
3
50
4
50
10
50
0
50
14
48
9
48
6
47
e
47
4
46
81
736

Solution:

Class
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Absent Enrolled Propotion

LCL
CL
UCL
2
50
0.04 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
4
50
0.08 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
7
50
0.14 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
1
50
0.02 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
3
50
0.06 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
6
50
0.12 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
3
50
0.06 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
4
50
0.08 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
10
50
0.2 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
0
50
0 -0.022722269 0.110054348 0.242830964
14
48
0.291666667 -0.025460219 0.110054348 0.245568915
9
48
0.1875 -0.025460219 0.110054348 0.245568915
6
47
0.127659574 -0.026894275 0.110054348 0.247002971
8
47
0.170212766 -0.026894275 0.110054348 0.247002971
4
46
0.086956522 -0.028374844 0.110054348 0.24848354
81
736

Find below the P-chart for absences below: