A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

WAN (CCNA)

(USING NETWORKING)

NAME: AMANDEEP

ROLL NO: BTC/10/014

COURSE: B.TECH (C.S.E)

Under the guidance of: (NETWORK BULLS)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thankfully acknowledge the encouragement and guidance by Mr. PANKAJ SHARMA without whose help report could not have achieved its present form. His continual attention and encouragement helped keep me going. I am highly indebted to BRICS and NETWORK BULLS for providing excellent support for the project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction 2. OSI Model 3. Tcp Model 4. LAN 5. Objective 6. Frame-Relay 7. V-lan 8. Inter-Vlan 9. Nat 10. Routing protocols 11. Rip 12. Eigrp 13. Ospf 14. Redistribution 15. Conclusion 16. Future enhancement 17. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

A network is a group of connected, communicating devices. An internet is two or more networks that can communicate with each other. The most notable internet is called the Internet. Millions of people are users. Yet this extraordinary communication system only came into being in 1969.

In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.

Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically span a single home, school, or small office building, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.

Network Protocols protocols: which is synonymous with rule. Communication languages used by computer devices are called network protocol. Yet another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols with each supporting specific applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.

The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Understand the architecture of the OSI model Understand the layers of the OSI model and their functions Understand the architecture of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Differentiate between the OSI model and the TCP/IP Suite Differentiate between the three types of Internet addresses

OSI MODEL

TCP/IP PROTOCOL MODEL The TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data link, network, transport, and application. The first four layers provide physical standards, network interface, internetworking, and transport functions that correspond to the first four layers of the OSI model. The three topmost layers in the OSI model, however, are represented in TCP/IP by a single layer called the application layer.

LAN A local area network (LAN) is a data communication system that allows a number of independent devices to communicate directly with each other in a limited geographic area such as a single department, a single building, or a campus. A large organization may need several connected LANs.The most popular LANs are Ethernet and wireless LANs. We briefly review these technologies in this section. A second type of network we encounter in the Internet is the point-to-point wide area network. A point-to-point WAN connects two remote devices using a line available from a public network such as a telephone network. We discuss the physical and data link layers of these technologies here..

DEVICES USED : Ethernet wire : It is a standardized wire according to IEEE standards used to connect pc to router , pc to switch etc

Switch : It is a layer 2 device which is used in LAN in order to connect different computer . It is used when we are having large no of P.C and used to control collision domain

Disadvantage : There is problem in broadcast domain if we are connecting p.c directly to switch but it can be solve if we make VLANS

Advantage : It help in preventing i.e reducing collision domain. Earlier when we use Hubs it has only 1 collision domain i.e half duplex

Objective : Connecting Six Different Location With: CISCO ROUTERs & SWITCHES FRAME-RELAY (FR) VLANS & INTERVLANS and NAT Routing Protocols ( RIP, EIGRP & OSPF) Redistribution Between R Protocols

Connecting Six Different Location With:-

CISCO ROUTERs & SWITCHES FRAME-RELAY (FR) VLANS & INTERVLANS and NAT Routing Protocols ( RIP, EIGRP & OSPF) Redistribution Between R Protocols

FRAME-RELAY FR ( FRAME RELAY) is Packet Switching Technology Its Encapsulation Technique Used between LANs Over WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

FR configuration Between CENNAI and BANGLORE

Configuration Commands

VLAN (Virtual LAN)

is a Logical LAN or a Logical subnet It defines a Broadcast Domain VLANS provides Security VLAN membership can be assigned either statically by port

Creates VLANS at Patiala Location Configuration Commands

INTERVLAN Communication

VLAN Provides Security Between Different VLANs Different Broadcast Communicate Only with INTERVLAN

Requirements

1. Layer 3 Devices Like Routers or MLS (MULTILAYER SWITCH) 2. Creates Sub Interfaces on Routers 3. VLANS should have different Subnet

Configuration Commands

NAT (Network Address Translation) It is used for Translation Private Address into Public and Vice Versa Private Address:- Only Travels in LANS Public Address:- These Addresses Can Travel LANS & WAN Three Types of NAT o STATIC o DYNAMIC o PAT Nat is Enabled at BANGLORE Routers Configuration Commands

Routing Routing is of three types. Static Dynamic and Default

When the destination is known, static and dynamic routing is done. For unknown destinations, default routing is employed. In dynamic routing, the path is fixed by the protocol. Always the shortest path is preferred. Static routing is done by the users. These paths are stored in the routing table. Classification Of Routing Protocols Distance Vector Hybrid Routing Link State Distance Vector: RIP & IGRP Hybrid Routing: EIGRP Link State : OSPF.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Note: Maximum 6 paths (Default 4). Hop count metric selects the path Route updates are broadcast for every 30 seconds.

RIP CONFIGURATIONS

Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)# network (network ip)

Router# sh ip protocol (shows the current routing protocol) Router# sh ip route

EIGRP

EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol. Advance distance vector protocol. Supports IP using both classless and class-based IP addresses. Supports IP, IPX and Appletalk. Supports classless interdomain routing (CIDR) and variable-length subnet mask (VLSM).

Uses the DUAL algorithm, the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), for fast convergence.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

OSPF is link-state routing protocol RIP, IGRP and EIGRP are distance-vector (routing by rumor) routing protocols, susceptible to routing loops, split-horizon, and other issues. OSPF has fast convergence RIP and IGRP hold-down timers can cause slow convergence.

OSPF supports VLSM and CIDR RIPv1 and IGRP do not

REDISTRIBUTION

Communication between Different Routing Protocols Configuration of Redistribution Always on ABR

At BANGLORE ROUTER

At CHENNAI

At DELHI

CONCLUSION

The WAN Project basicall y tells about how networking is done in real scenario . It basically tell about the concept of internet work and how we are accessing it across the world. So in this project I have just tried to give a small demo of networking and its function. I have used all m y concept of CCNA to make this project . So all together this proje ct gives you a brief idea of CCNA.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The proposed project is purely an Wide Area Network , This project can be used in real world scenario also in order to connect to Lan office for example connecting Amity manesar with Amity Noida I will also be preparing for my CCNA and CCNP exam. Thats why I have made this simple project using my CCNA concept so that I can prepare for it and I will be giving CCNA exam in coming December.

Bibliography

ICND 1 (by Cisco) ICND 2 (by Cisco) CCNA by Todd Lammle Stanford university video Newboston.org Ciscopress.com 9tut.com Examcollection.com