TIPS:
In a hypothesis statement : Must have the relationship between manipulated variable
and responding variable
No words such as :To study
Hypothesis can be tested
Convex lens
screen
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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2 Diagram 2(i) and Diagram 2(ii) shows the image formed by a convex lens when the
object is placed at different distance.
Rajah 2(i) dan Rajah 2(ii) menunjukkan imej yang dibentuk oleh satu kanta cembung
apabila objek diletakkan pada jarak yang berbeza.
object
image
Diagram 2(i)
Rajah 2(i)
object
image
Diagram 2(ii)
Rajah 2(ii)
(a) Based on Diagram 2(i) and Diagram 2(ii), state the hypothesis of the experiment
Berdasar Rajah 2(i) dan Rajah 2(ii), nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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3. Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the quantity of carbon dioxide released during
fermentation processian.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kuantiti karbon dioxida yang
dibebaskan semasa proses penapaian
buret
air
Glukos + yis
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Time / Day 0 1 2 3 4 5
Masa/ Hari
Volume of gas/cm3 0 10 20 25 30
Isipadu gas / cm3
Table 2
Jadual 2
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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player
G-clamp
Metal
Result of the X
experiment is shown in Table 3 Pengapit G
Logam X Diagram 4
Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3
Rajah 4
Length of metal (cm)
Type of metal Panjang logam (cm)
Jenis logam Before pull After pull
Sebelum ditarik Selepas ditarik
X 12 12.6
Y 12 12.8
Table 3
Jadual 3
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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5 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show an experiment to study the characteristics of an
image formed by a pin hole camera.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji ciri imej yang
dibentuk oleh satu kamera lubang jarum.
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
(a) State the hypothesis based on this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show an experiment to study the collision between trolleys
of different masses with a plasticine block.
Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji perlanggaran antara
troli yang berlainan jisim dengan satu blok plastisin
……………………………………………………………………………………
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Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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Kawasan jernih
Cakera antibiotik
berkepekatan tinggi Kawasan jernih
Bakteria
Cakera antibiotik
berkepekatan rendah
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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Table 4
Jadual 4
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gunting
Getah asli
klip
klip
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(a) State the hypothesis that can be made from this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen ini.
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10. Diagram 10 shows an experiment carried out to study the effect of penicillin on bacterial
growth
Rajah 10 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan penisilin ke atas
pertumbuhan bakteria
Agar-agar nutrien
Piring petri
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Three penicillin discs P1,P2 and P3 with different concentrations are placed on the
nutrient agar surface. The petri dish is incubated upside down at 370C. After two days, a
clear area is formed around each dish. The diameter of the clear area is mesured and
recorded in Table 5.
Tiga cakera penisilin P1,P2 dan P3 dengan kepekatan yang berlainan diletakkan di atas
permukaan agar-agar nutrien. Piring petri itu dieramkan dalam keadaan telangkup pada
suhu 370C. Selepas dua hari, satu kawasan jernih terbentuk di disekelilig setiap cakera.
Diameter kawasan jernih diukur dan dicatat seperti dalam Jadual 5
Penicillin disc P1 P2 P3
Cakera penisilin
Diameter of the clear area/cm 1.5 2.4 2.0
Diameter kawasan jernih/cm
Table 5
Jadual 5
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Program Galus Sains SPM
Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Hypothesis
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Sampel Answers
Sampel Jawapan
1 The thicker the convex lens, the shorter the focal length
Semakin tebal kanta cembung, semakin pendek jarak fokus
2 The nearer the distance of object , the bigger the size of image
Semakin dekat jarak objek, semakin besar size imej
6 As the mass of the trolley is heavier, the depth of dent is deeper is formed
Semakin bertambah jisim troli, semakin dalam lekuk yang terbentuk
7 The higher the concentration of antibiotic, the less the growth of bacteria
Semakin bertambah kepekatan antibiotik, semakin kurang pertumbuhan bakteria
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